Flexibility with renewable hydrogen
Paul Dodds, Jana Fakhreddine & Kari Espegren, IEA ETSAP
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Just add hydrogen – Making the most out of a limited resourceIlkka Hannula
This presentation discusses the potential to increase fuels production from a given amount of biomass, by feeding additional hydrogen to a gasification-based biorefinery. The production potential is compared with IEA predictions on global transportation energy demand in 2050.
Webinaire : Innovation et infrastructure - Moteurs de la transition energetiq...Cluster TWEED
Découvrez les opportunités liées aux innovations technologiques et nouvelles infrastructures durables initiées par la transition énergétique, par le biais des présentations du directeur du Innovation & Technology Center de l'Agence internationale pour les énergies renouvelables, et du coordinateur du programme Sustainable Cities and Settlements de la division Energy Systems and Infrastructure de l'UNIDO.
The Long-Term Energy Storage Conundrum and its Impact on the Clean Energy Tra...BXD
A key factor holding back the transition from CO2 intensive fossil fuel based power generation to clean (green) energy-based sustainable production is that of how to store energy that is essentially
intermittently produced.
In an exclusive interview with BXD, Mark Howitt, CTO of Manchester, UK, based Storelectric, discusses the current state of the clean energy transition worldwide, the need for long-duration energy storage, the place for hydrogen in national grids, and a way to eliminate the renewable
energy intermittency issue, reduce energy wastage and increase efficiency.
Hydrogen is perfect for the gas grid: up to 10-15% mix with natural gas can be achieved with minimal network modifications and upgrades. Beyond that, it's inappropriate until you hit 100%. That's because a mix is only useful where it's being burned. But the applications for which hydrogen is best suited require 100% purity – applications such as fuel cells, transportation, fuel and chemical synthesis, iron smelting, steel production, and so on.
Korea's energy policies and cooperation opportunities between Australia and K...Yonki Hyungkeun PARK
"Korea's energy policies and cooperation opportunities between Australia and Korea"
- 40th Australia-Korea Business Council, Nov. 11-13, 2019
. A New Framework for Global Climate Action
. Korea’s Energy Master Plan
. Renewable Energy 3020
. Hydrogen Economy Roadmap
. Korea’s Future Energy Business Portfolio
. POSCO Group’s Energy Materials Portfolio
. POSCO Group’s Power & Gas Portfolio
. POSCO Group’s Hydrogen Portfolio
.Opportunities for Australia-Korea Business Cooperation
Fuel Cell System and Their Technologies A Reviewijtsrd
Renewable energy generation is quickly rising in the power sector industry and extensively used for two groups grid connected and standalone system. This paper gives the insights about fuel cell process and application of many power electronics systems. The fuel cell voltage drops bit by bit with increase in current because of losses related with fuel cell. It is difficult to control large rated fuel cell based power system without regulating tool. The issue associated with fuel based structural planning and the arrangements are extensively examined for all sorts of applications. In order to increase the reliability of fuel cell based power system, the combination of energy storage system and advanced research methods are focused in this paper. The control algorithms of power architecture for the couple of well-known applications are discussed. Rameez Hassan Pala "Fuel Cell System and Their Technologies: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20316.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/20316/fuel-cell-system-and-their-technologies-a-review/rameez-hassan-pala
Hydrogen storage for micro-grid application: a framework for ranking fuel ce...IJECEIAES
To securely address energy shortage and various environmental issues attributed to fossil fuel, the adoption of renewable energy is growing across the globe. However, wind and solar which form the bulk of the emerging renewable energy for micro-grid applications are intermittent and need energy storage device for backup. Due to its environmentally friendly nature, the use of hydrogen as storage mechanism is now being explored for micro-grid applications. However, due to the various technical criteria attributed to various fuel cell (FC) technologies used for hydrogen production, selecting the most suitable alternative remains a challenge. This study uses evaluation based on distance from average solution, a multicriteria decision making tool to rank FC technologies that can be used to produce of hydrogen energy storage in micro-grid applications. The analysis was based on 4 FC technologies and 6 technical criteria. The results of the study show that the most preferred FC technology for micro-grid application is the polymeric electrolyte membrane while the least preferred is molten carbonate FC. It is expected that future analysis would explore the inclusion of socio-economic criteria in the evaluation of the most preferred FC technology for micro-grid application.
Fuel Cells are becoming the preferred alternate energy but unless the constraints are understood and dealt with it will not be adopted at the rate it should
Techno-economic assessment and global sensitivity analysis for biomass-based CO2 capture storage and utilisation (CCSU) technologies - presentation by Maria Botero in the Biomass CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Variable Renewable Energy in China's TransitionIEA-ETSAP
Variable Renewable Energy in China's Transition
Ding Qiuyu, UCL Energy Institute
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
The Nordics as a hub for green electricity and fuelsIEA-ETSAP
The Nordics as a hub for green electricity and fuels
Mr. Till ben Brahim, Energy Modelling Lab, Denmark
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Más contenido relacionado
Similar a Flexibility with renewable(low-carbon) hydrogen
Just add hydrogen – Making the most out of a limited resourceIlkka Hannula
This presentation discusses the potential to increase fuels production from a given amount of biomass, by feeding additional hydrogen to a gasification-based biorefinery. The production potential is compared with IEA predictions on global transportation energy demand in 2050.
Webinaire : Innovation et infrastructure - Moteurs de la transition energetiq...Cluster TWEED
Découvrez les opportunités liées aux innovations technologiques et nouvelles infrastructures durables initiées par la transition énergétique, par le biais des présentations du directeur du Innovation & Technology Center de l'Agence internationale pour les énergies renouvelables, et du coordinateur du programme Sustainable Cities and Settlements de la division Energy Systems and Infrastructure de l'UNIDO.
The Long-Term Energy Storage Conundrum and its Impact on the Clean Energy Tra...BXD
A key factor holding back the transition from CO2 intensive fossil fuel based power generation to clean (green) energy-based sustainable production is that of how to store energy that is essentially
intermittently produced.
In an exclusive interview with BXD, Mark Howitt, CTO of Manchester, UK, based Storelectric, discusses the current state of the clean energy transition worldwide, the need for long-duration energy storage, the place for hydrogen in national grids, and a way to eliminate the renewable
energy intermittency issue, reduce energy wastage and increase efficiency.
Hydrogen is perfect for the gas grid: up to 10-15% mix with natural gas can be achieved with minimal network modifications and upgrades. Beyond that, it's inappropriate until you hit 100%. That's because a mix is only useful where it's being burned. But the applications for which hydrogen is best suited require 100% purity – applications such as fuel cells, transportation, fuel and chemical synthesis, iron smelting, steel production, and so on.
Korea's energy policies and cooperation opportunities between Australia and K...Yonki Hyungkeun PARK
"Korea's energy policies and cooperation opportunities between Australia and Korea"
- 40th Australia-Korea Business Council, Nov. 11-13, 2019
. A New Framework for Global Climate Action
. Korea’s Energy Master Plan
. Renewable Energy 3020
. Hydrogen Economy Roadmap
. Korea’s Future Energy Business Portfolio
. POSCO Group’s Energy Materials Portfolio
. POSCO Group’s Power & Gas Portfolio
. POSCO Group’s Hydrogen Portfolio
.Opportunities for Australia-Korea Business Cooperation
Fuel Cell System and Their Technologies A Reviewijtsrd
Renewable energy generation is quickly rising in the power sector industry and extensively used for two groups grid connected and standalone system. This paper gives the insights about fuel cell process and application of many power electronics systems. The fuel cell voltage drops bit by bit with increase in current because of losses related with fuel cell. It is difficult to control large rated fuel cell based power system without regulating tool. The issue associated with fuel based structural planning and the arrangements are extensively examined for all sorts of applications. In order to increase the reliability of fuel cell based power system, the combination of energy storage system and advanced research methods are focused in this paper. The control algorithms of power architecture for the couple of well-known applications are discussed. Rameez Hassan Pala "Fuel Cell System and Their Technologies: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20316.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/20316/fuel-cell-system-and-their-technologies-a-review/rameez-hassan-pala
Hydrogen storage for micro-grid application: a framework for ranking fuel ce...IJECEIAES
To securely address energy shortage and various environmental issues attributed to fossil fuel, the adoption of renewable energy is growing across the globe. However, wind and solar which form the bulk of the emerging renewable energy for micro-grid applications are intermittent and need energy storage device for backup. Due to its environmentally friendly nature, the use of hydrogen as storage mechanism is now being explored for micro-grid applications. However, due to the various technical criteria attributed to various fuel cell (FC) technologies used for hydrogen production, selecting the most suitable alternative remains a challenge. This study uses evaluation based on distance from average solution, a multicriteria decision making tool to rank FC technologies that can be used to produce of hydrogen energy storage in micro-grid applications. The analysis was based on 4 FC technologies and 6 technical criteria. The results of the study show that the most preferred FC technology for micro-grid application is the polymeric electrolyte membrane while the least preferred is molten carbonate FC. It is expected that future analysis would explore the inclusion of socio-economic criteria in the evaluation of the most preferred FC technology for micro-grid application.
Fuel Cells are becoming the preferred alternate energy but unless the constraints are understood and dealt with it will not be adopted at the rate it should
Techno-economic assessment and global sensitivity analysis for biomass-based CO2 capture storage and utilisation (CCSU) technologies - presentation by Maria Botero in the Biomass CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Similar a Flexibility with renewable(low-carbon) hydrogen (20)
Variable Renewable Energy in China's TransitionIEA-ETSAP
Variable Renewable Energy in China's Transition
Ding Qiuyu, UCL Energy Institute
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
The Nordics as a hub for green electricity and fuelsIEA-ETSAP
The Nordics as a hub for green electricity and fuels
Mr. Till ben Brahim, Energy Modelling Lab, Denmark
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
The role of Norwegian offshore wind in the energy system transitionIEA-ETSAP
The role of Norwegian offshore wind in the energy system transition
Dr. Pernille Seljom, IFE, Norway
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Detail representation of molecule flows and chemical sector in TIMES-BE: prog...IEA-ETSAP
Detail representation of molecule flows and chemical sector in TIMES-BE: progress and challenges
Mr. Juan Correa, VITO, Belgium
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Green hydrogen trade from North Africa to Europe: optional long-term scenario...IEA-ETSAP
Green hydrogen trade from North Africa to Europe: optional long-term scenarios with the JRC-EU-TIMES model
Ms. Maria Cristina Pinto, RSE - Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico, Italy
Ms. Maria Cristina Pinto, RSE - Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico, Italy
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Optimal development of the Canadian forest sector for both climate change mit...IEA-ETSAP
Optimal development of the Canadian forest sector for both climate change mitigation and economic growth: an original application of the North American TIMES Energy Model (NATEM)
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Presentation on IEA Net Zero Pathways/RoadmapIEA-ETSAP
Presentation on IEA Net Zero Pathways/Roadmap
Uwe Remme, IEA
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Bioenergy in energy system models with flexibilityIEA-ETSAP
Bioenergy in energy system models with flexibility
Tiina Koljonen & Anna Krook-Riekola, IEA ETSAP
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Reframing flexibility beyond power - IEA Bioenergy TCPIEA-ETSAP
Reframing flexibility beyond power
Mr. Fabian Schipfer, IEA Bioenergy TCP
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Decarbonization of heating in the buildings sector: efficiency first vs low-c...IEA-ETSAP
Decarbonization of heating in the buildings sector: efficiency first vs low-carbon heating dilemma
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Mr. Andrea Moglianesi, VITO, Belgium
The Regionalization Tool: spatial representation of TIMES-BE output data in i...IEA-ETSAP
The Regionalization Tool: spatial representation of TIMES-BE output data in industrial clusters for future energy infrastructure analysis
Ms. Enya Lenaerts Vito/EnergyVille, Belgium
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Synthetic methane production prospective modelling up to 2050 in the European...IEA-ETSAP
Synthetic methane production prospective modelling up to 2050 in the European Union
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Ms. Marie Codet, Centre de mathématiques appliquées - Mines ParisTech; France
Energy Transition in global Aviation - ETSAP Workshop TurinIEA-ETSAP
Energy Transition in global Aviation - ETSAP Workshop Turin
Mr. Felix Lippkau, IER University of Suttgart, Germany
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Integrated Energy and Climate plans: approaches, practices and experiencesIEA-ETSAP
Integrated Energy and Climate plans: approaches, practices and experiences
VO: reduce the distance between modellers and DM,
VO: the work process
- Making modifications collaboratively,
- Running the model,
- Reports and collaborative analysis
VedaOnline
Mr Rocco De Miglio
16–17th november 2023, amit kanudia, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, italy, kanors-emr, mr rocco de miglio, mr. amit kanudia kanors-emr, november 2023, politecnico di torino, semi-annual meeting, torino, turin, vedaonline
Updates on Veda provided by Amit Kanudia from KanORS-EMRIEA-ETSAP
Veda online updates - Veda for open-source models
TIMES and OSeMOSYSBrowse, Veda Assistant
VEDA2.0, VEDAONLINE, VEDA
Mr. Amit Kanudia KanORS-EMR
16–17th november 2023, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, italy, mr. amit kanudia kanors-emr, november 2023, politecnico di torino lingotto, semi-annual etsap meeting, torino, turin
Energy system modeling activities in the MAHTEP GroupIEA-ETSAP
Energy system modeling activities in the MAHTEP Group
Dr Daniele Lerede, Politecnico di Torino
16–17th november 2023, dr daniele lerede, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, italy, mathep group, november 2023, politecnico di torino, semi-annual meeting, turin
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
different Modes of Insect Plant InteractionArchita Das
different modes of interaction between insects and plants including mutualism, commensalism, antagonism, Pairwise and diffuse coevolution, Plant defenses, how coevolution started
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
1. Flexibility with low-carbon hydrogen
Paul Dodds and Jana Fakhreddine (both University College London, UK), Kari Espegren (IFE, Norway)
17 November 2023
2. Only 4 of 10 TIMES models represented biomass
gasification with CCS in our survey in 2018
Why consider hydrogen?
• Electricity is clean and
efficient, but inflexible.
• Hydrogen is quite clean
and adds flexibility to the
system for both supply
and demand.
ETSAP-TIAM
TIMES
PanEU
JMRT
Japan
TIMES_VTT
STEM_CH
TIMES-
Norway
UK
TIMES
Irish
TIMES
TIMES_PT
EnOp-TIMES
Biomass Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No 70%
Biomass CCS Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No 40%
Coal Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No No 50%
Coal CCS Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No No 50%
Waste No No No No No No Yes Yes No No 20%
Waste CCS No No No No No No Yes No No No 10%
Gas SMR Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No 70%
Gas SMR CCS Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No 60%
Electrolysis Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 100%
5. Hydrogen can be
produced from a
range of feedstocks
• Cost and emissions vary for
each production route.
• We need to consider
infrastructure requirements
throughout a transition both to
transport and store hydrogen.
• Early decarbonisation actions
using hydrogen are likely to
depend on the supply of
hydrogen rather than the cost-
optimal use on the demand
side.
6. Production of low-carbon hydrogen from wind and solar
generation will probably be more expensive than from
natural gas in many countries
Hydrogen could be
produced from natural
gas with CCS at about
1–2 $/kg (IEA).
Costs from: https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2021/executive-summary
Map from: https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/May/Global-hydrogen-trade-Cost
Using renewable electricity to
produce hydrogen costs 3–8 $/kg at
present but could reduce to 1.3 $/kg
in some countries by 2030 (IEA).
This map from IRENA shows even
lower projected global costs in 2050.
7. REHSYS-project
The results from this project will improve the modelling of large-scale H2 production facilities
coupled to PV and wind systems.
RE System
PEMWE System
Nowcasted prediction interval for PV and
wind power output
Solar and wind resource variability
Benchmarking of nowcast methods
PEMWE durability assessment
H2 system / process modeling
Advanced control strategies
Development of modeling tools
Use case analyses
RE/H2 Energy System Management
WP1 – Wind and PV Resources
WP2 – PEM Water Electrolysis
WP3 – Techno-Economic Analysis
H2 & Energy Systems
O2
Water
supply H2O
H2
+ -
PEMWE
stack
=
῀
Assessment of real-time and
forecasted data from partners
8. Hydrogen Pathways 2050
Hydrogen may play a key role in the future energy system, as it provides flexibility both to the supply side and
demand side. This project will examine the transition of the Norwegian society and value creation from export.
Case
study
setup
Does energy storage impact where
and how hydrogen is produced?
• Salt caverns in Europe
• DeepPurple and offshore H2
• Linepacking of H2
How does production of hydrogen
from offshore wind compete with
and complement hydrogen
production from natural gas under
different price developments?
9. Producing hydrogen from natural gas with CCS
requires careful management and CO2 offsets
• Howarth and Jacobson (2021): greenhouse gas emissions from hydrogen produced from natural
gas with CCS are higher than for unabated combustion of natural gas.
• Romano et al. (2022): disagreed, based on alternative assumptions.
• Hydrogen is an indirect GHG with a 100-year GWP estimated at 11±5 (Warwick et al. 2022). Ocko
and Hamburg (2022) emphasise the importance of minimising fugitive emissions.
• Conclusion: great care must be taken when producing hydrogen from natural gas to measure and
minimise emissions, and to minimise fugitive emissions across the supply chain. A hydrogen
standard accompanied by appropriate regulation is needed. CO2 removal to offset unavoidable
emissions are necessary.
10. There is high variability between models in the assumed
capital costs of biomass gasification plants.
Source: Dodds et al. (2022) Modelling of hydrogen
11. Production of hydrogen from biomass with CCS has a
similar cost to electricity production
Production of hydrogen from biomass (~3.5 $/kg
without CCS) is only economic from a systems
perspective.
In a typical “optimal” scenario, only two of seven
TIMES models in our survey deployed biomass
gasification to produce hydrogen.
Both of these models deployed higher levels of
renewables and also steam-methane reforming.
Our experience with the UK TIMES model suggests
that biomass plants with CCS are essential to meeting
net zero, with sequestered CO2 the primary output and
electricity or hydrogen as a co-product, depending on
the relative costs.
Source: Dodds et al. (2022) Modelling of hydrogen
ETSAP-TIAM
JMRT
UK
TIMES
TIMES-
Norway
STEM
Irish
TIMES
TIMES-PT
Biomass 10% 0%
Biomass CCS 29%
Coal 14%
Waste CCS 1%
Gas SMR 46% 0%
Gas SMR CCS 99% 24%
Decentralised electrolysis 100% 3%
Centralised electrolysis 30% 47%
Alkaline electrolyser 82% 1%
PEM electrolyser 100% 96%
Hydrogen from oil
refineries
6%
Hydrogen from iron and
steel
12%
Number of options used 4 3 2 1 5 1 3
12. Novel business models that integrate hydrogen production
into the wider energy system could change the economics
Studies tend to consider production from:
1. 100% dedicated renewables (no grid costs, but low electrolyser utilisation); or,
2. 100% grid electricity (whether renewable or not) ,with excess renewable generation at zero cost.
A system that primarily uses dedicated renewable generation but tops-up with grid electricity when the
price is low could have lower production costs (with an appropriate standard and certification regime).
Similarly a nuclear plant coupled with a solid-oxide electrolyser that exports electricity when the price
is high and produces hydrogen when the electricity price is low could be economically viable.
Are there other opportunities to reduce costs through systems integration?
13. There are few low-carbon options to decarbonise peaking
generation:
• Energy storage can meet some but not all demand cost-
effectively
• Hydrogen turbines are a low capital cost option, perhaps
linked to hydrogen storage.
As most energy system models have a low temporal
resolution, the benefits of hydrogen turbines to the system are
only resolved if a minimum capacity factor constraint is
applied to all technologies (e.g. 5%).
Geography should be taken into account: only some locations
have geological structures appropriate for hydrogen storage.
Flexible electricity generation from hydrogen
From: https://www.eti.co.uk/programmes/carbon-capture-storage/salt-caverns
14. This graph shows the cost-optimal share of
renewable generation in 2050 in the UK from the
highRES electricity system model.
Only the “ALL” tech scenario includes hydrogen
power-to-power storage.
Novel business cases are not considered.
Price, J. et al. (2023) The role of new nuclear power in the UK's
net-zero emissions energy system. Energy 262 Part A: 125450.
The cost-optimal UK annual share of domestic generation
from renewables is sensitive to the availability of long-term
storage and flexible generation
15. Long-term storage also enables a lower cost electricity
system
This graph shows the levelised cost of generation in
2050 in the UK from the highRES electricity system
model.
Only the “ALL” tech scenario includes hydrogen
power-to-power storage.
Price, J., Keppo, I., Dodds, P. E. (2023) The role of new nuclear
power in the UK's net-zero emissions energy system. Energy
262 Part A: 125450.
16. Hydrogen system integration
• High-resolution electricity system models can resolve the value of power-to-power storage but do
not consider the situation where produced hydrogen is used elsewhere in the energy system where
the value is higher (e.g. as a transport fuel).
• There is a need to bridge system models and high-resolution electricity system models to
understand the wider system value that hydrogen offers due to its flexibility and potential use in a
number of sectors.
• Synthetic fuel production is a rapidly evolving area using hydrogen and captured CO2 to produce jet
fuel and high-value chemicals.
• International trade offers further options for flexibility, for example to use ammonia-powered rather
than hydrogen-powered systems in some countries to reduce costs.
17. Options for trading hydrogen and derivatives
• Hydrogen is much cheaper to store for long periods
and transport over long distances than electricity.
• The key challenge is hydrogen’s low energy density.
• Trade-off between hydrogen and derivatives:
• The choice of transport method would depend on:
• Techno-economic models are usually used to compare
the costs and efficiencies of the transport options. Source: https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II
Ease of transport and storage
Cost and energy consumption
Volume
transported
Transport
distance
Form of final
demand
18. Representation of hydrogen and ammonia trade in TIAM-
UCL
• TIAM-UCL has been developed to represent the global trade of hydrogen and ammonia and explore
their possible role in future energy system decarbonisation
• Model features: global (16 regions), time horizon 2005-2100, scenario analysis
Hydrogen Ammonia
Trade options Liquid in ships Liquid in ships
Production routes
Natural gas, coal, biomass (w/wo CCS)
Electrolysis (grid/decentralised)
Haber-Bosch
Demand sectors
Transport
Industry
Synthetic fuels
Gas blending
Maritime transport
Industry (fertilisers)
19. Early insights on future hydrogen trade
• In a 1.5 °C decarbonisation scenario, ammonia is traded at a larger scale than hydrogen in 2050
Hydrogen trade: 2.5 EJ Ammonia trade: 17.3 EJ
20. Conclusions
1. Most hydrogen production projects focus on renewables and natural gas, and perhaps nuclear.
2. Production of hydrogen from biomass is likely to remain more expensive than from renewables
and natural gas, but might be justified from a systems perspective in order to sequester
atmospheric CO2. There is high capital cost uncertainty between our models.
3. Hydrogen provides flexibility to a renewable electricity system by acting as a sink for excess
generation, by providing flexible peak generation, and by providing storage. From a system
perspective, power-to-power storage might not be the best use of hydrogen, but we lack the tools
to properly resolve how the system could optimally work.
4. Hydrogen trade offers flexibility by enabling countries to access bulk hydrogen if they have few
resources, and to reduce the impacts of seasonal changes in supply and demand. Hydrogen
derivatives such as ammonia could be traded on a larger scale than hydrogen, creating trade-offs
for countries as they decide between the benefits of economy and security benefits from local
production, and the benefits from reduced energy costs by relying on imports.
21. Thank you for listening
ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/energy @UCL_Energy
Paul Dodds: p.dodds@ucl.ac.uk