The document discusses database security and common threats. It notes that database breaches exposing personally identifiable information increased significantly in 2013, with over 822 million records exposed. Common causes of database breaches included hacking, which accounted for over 59% of reported incidents and 72% of exposed records. Specific large breaches discussed included those affecting Adobe, Target, and the US National Security Agency. The document stresses that database security presents ongoing challenges given the emergence of new threats and no database is completely secure.
This document discusses databases and their importance in information systems. It begins by defining data, information, and knowledge, explaining how data is transformed into useful information and knowledge through organization and context. It then describes different types of databases, focusing on flat file databases and relational databases. Flat file databases store all data in one file but have limitations around data duplication, searchability, and concurrent access. Relational databases break data into normalized tables with relationships between them, addressing those limitations through their structure and use of queries. The document provides examples to illustrate key differences between the two database types.
This document provides an introduction to web development. It discusses the brief history of the internet and how it started in the 1960s between government researchers and universities. It also covers website design, including considerations like the fold and landing pages. Finally, it discusses HTML, CSS, fonts, and site maps as important aspects of web development.
This document provides an overview of networking and communications basics, including network addresses, protocols, and infrastructure. It discusses IP addresses and their functions, the OSI model layers, URL structures, networking ports, and hosting/domain registration services. IP addresses allow devices on a network to communicate by providing unique identifiers. The seven-layer OSI model standardizes network communications. URLs, domains, and ports facilitate finding and accessing resources over the internet. Hosting facilities and registrars manage physical infrastructure and domain name resolution.
This document discusses ethical and legal issues related to information systems. It describes how new technologies can impact human behavior and create new ethical dilemmas. It also discusses how codes of ethics are used to help navigate these issues by establishing standards of acceptable behavior for professional groups. While codes of ethics provide clarity and consistency, they also have limitations like not addressing all potential issues and not being legally binding.
The document is an introduction to networking and communications. It discusses the history of networks beginning with ARPANET in the 1960s and the development of TCP/IP that allowed different networks to communicate. This led to the creation of the Internet. The introduction of the World Wide Web in the 1990s, beginning with Tim Berners-Lee's project, made the Internet easy to use and browse with graphical web pages. Today, networks are ubiquitous and integral to our daily lives, enabling communication, social media, commerce and more from anywhere through connected devices.
Let your team understand the importance of Computer security with the assistance of our Cyber Security PowerPoint Presentation Deck. In today’s time, it is quite essential to pay attention towards the protection of computer systems from theft or damage as there is a every chance of your data being accessed by someone else. Our creative designing team has crafted this PPT Deck with 17 slides for you to share the information related to IT security. Although there are cyber security standards available but still there are people in the market who try to capture your data to either use it for their own purpose or sell it to some other organization. This presentation deck enables you to highlight the information related to cyber attacks that can create concerns such as backdoor, direct-access attacks, eavesdropping, phishing, spoofing, tampering etc. By taking certain security measures you can protect your data. Cyber Security standards attempt to protect the cyber environment of a user or an organization. The PowerPoint deck contains some slides which include information related to tips, initiatives, step to ensure that your data is protected at every step. So, download it and take precautionary steps to secure your IT system. Cater for crazy cravings with our Cybersecurity Powerpoint Presentation Slides. Find a harmless way to fulfill deep desires.
This presentation was discussed in a Webinar with MetricStream in September 2016. It is applicable for small, medium and large businesses when considering information and cyber security risk.
Cyber attacks targeting small businesses are common. This document outlines cybersecurity best practices for small-to-medium sized businesses to protect themselves, including ensuring proper employee training on phishing, maintaining updated software and passwords, using VPNs and HTTPS, avoiding risky networks and software, following incident response plans, and understanding common attack types like phishing, XSS, and botnets. Failure to implement proper security measures could lead to data breaches, network compromise, and the business going out of business within six months.
This document discusses databases and their importance in information systems. It begins by defining data, information, and knowledge, explaining how data is transformed into useful information and knowledge through organization and context. It then describes different types of databases, focusing on flat file databases and relational databases. Flat file databases store all data in one file but have limitations around data duplication, searchability, and concurrent access. Relational databases break data into normalized tables with relationships between them, addressing those limitations through their structure and use of queries. The document provides examples to illustrate key differences between the two database types.
This document provides an introduction to web development. It discusses the brief history of the internet and how it started in the 1960s between government researchers and universities. It also covers website design, including considerations like the fold and landing pages. Finally, it discusses HTML, CSS, fonts, and site maps as important aspects of web development.
This document provides an overview of networking and communications basics, including network addresses, protocols, and infrastructure. It discusses IP addresses and their functions, the OSI model layers, URL structures, networking ports, and hosting/domain registration services. IP addresses allow devices on a network to communicate by providing unique identifiers. The seven-layer OSI model standardizes network communications. URLs, domains, and ports facilitate finding and accessing resources over the internet. Hosting facilities and registrars manage physical infrastructure and domain name resolution.
This document discusses ethical and legal issues related to information systems. It describes how new technologies can impact human behavior and create new ethical dilemmas. It also discusses how codes of ethics are used to help navigate these issues by establishing standards of acceptable behavior for professional groups. While codes of ethics provide clarity and consistency, they also have limitations like not addressing all potential issues and not being legally binding.
The document is an introduction to networking and communications. It discusses the history of networks beginning with ARPANET in the 1960s and the development of TCP/IP that allowed different networks to communicate. This led to the creation of the Internet. The introduction of the World Wide Web in the 1990s, beginning with Tim Berners-Lee's project, made the Internet easy to use and browse with graphical web pages. Today, networks are ubiquitous and integral to our daily lives, enabling communication, social media, commerce and more from anywhere through connected devices.
Let your team understand the importance of Computer security with the assistance of our Cyber Security PowerPoint Presentation Deck. In today’s time, it is quite essential to pay attention towards the protection of computer systems from theft or damage as there is a every chance of your data being accessed by someone else. Our creative designing team has crafted this PPT Deck with 17 slides for you to share the information related to IT security. Although there are cyber security standards available but still there are people in the market who try to capture your data to either use it for their own purpose or sell it to some other organization. This presentation deck enables you to highlight the information related to cyber attacks that can create concerns such as backdoor, direct-access attacks, eavesdropping, phishing, spoofing, tampering etc. By taking certain security measures you can protect your data. Cyber Security standards attempt to protect the cyber environment of a user or an organization. The PowerPoint deck contains some slides which include information related to tips, initiatives, step to ensure that your data is protected at every step. So, download it and take precautionary steps to secure your IT system. Cater for crazy cravings with our Cybersecurity Powerpoint Presentation Slides. Find a harmless way to fulfill deep desires.
This presentation was discussed in a Webinar with MetricStream in September 2016. It is applicable for small, medium and large businesses when considering information and cyber security risk.
Cyber attacks targeting small businesses are common. This document outlines cybersecurity best practices for small-to-medium sized businesses to protect themselves, including ensuring proper employee training on phishing, maintaining updated software and passwords, using VPNs and HTTPS, avoiding risky networks and software, following incident response plans, and understanding common attack types like phishing, XSS, and botnets. Failure to implement proper security measures could lead to data breaches, network compromise, and the business going out of business within six months.
SCADA systems control critical infrastructure but were historically isolated systems with obscurity for security. They are now increasingly connected to the internet and each other, exposing vulnerabilities like weak passwords and unencrypted data. This presents a serious challenge as SCADA systems have special requirements preventing standard security practices and are difficult to take offline. Government and industry are working to improve SCADA security through awareness, training, and regulation.
This document discusses cyber security and cyber crimes. It begins by explaining why we should be aware of cyber crimes given how connected the world is today through technology. It then provides a brief history of cyber crimes, defining cyber security as technologies and processes to protect computers and networks from unauthorized access. The document outlines some major cyber security problems like viruses, malware, trojan horses, password cracking, and hackers. It explains these threats and provides tips on cyber security best practices to prevent attacks and data theft. In conclusion, it emphasizes that cyber security is everyone's responsibility and outlines India's national cyber security strategy.
Industrial control systems (ICS) are used to control industrial processes and manufacturing equipment. They face unique security challenges compared to traditional IT systems due to their real-time operation and custom hardware and software. This document discusses several past ICS cyber attacks and identifies vulnerabilities in ICS security architecture, configuration management, patch management, and change testing. Proper ICS security requires a cross-functional team approach and careful management of the specialized ICS environment.
This is a presentation that I shared with a group of College students on Cyber Security.
This was part of the Cyber Safe Tamil Nadu 2009 program organized jointly by NASSCOM, DSCI and the Tamil Nadu police.
This document discusses cyber crime. It defines cyber crime as criminal activity that targets or uses computers, networks, or networked devices. The document then outlines the history of cyber crimes, including the first recorded incident in 1820 and the first computer virus and spam email. It categorizes cyber crimes and lists common types such as hacking, denial of service attacks, and software piracy. The document also provides a case study on the 2019 Capital One data breach, where a hacker accessed over 100 million customer accounts, and safety tips to prevent cyber crime.
The document discusses various information security threats and countermeasures across infrastructure, systems, databases, and networks. It describes threats like viruses, worms, Trojans, SQL injection, and denial of service attacks. It also explains associated countermeasures like firewalls, intrusion detection, input validation, log monitoring, and defense in depth.
This document provides an overview and objectives for an information security awareness training. It covers topics like electronic communication, email viruses, phishing, internet usage, social networking, password management, and physical security. The training aims to help users understand cybersecurity threats, how to safely use technology, and their role in protecting company information assets. It emphasizes the importance of having strong, unique passwords and avoiding opening attachments or clicking links from unknown sources.
This document presents a technique to identify the correct IP to MAC address mapping when an attacker is performing ARP spoofing. It discusses limitations of existing probe packet-based detection techniques when facing a strong attacker. The proposed technique generates broadcast ARP requests to identify the correct mapping, even if the attacker can modify the protocol stack. Experimental results show the technique can correctly identify the attacker in both weak and strong attacking environments with only a small increase in network traffic overhead.
El documento habla sobre la seguridad informática y la norma ISO 27001. Explica conceptos clave de seguridad como la confidencialidad, integridad, autenticidad, disponibilidad y control de acceso. También describe los diferentes tipos de cifrado como el cifrado simétrico, asimétrico y conceptos como texto claro y texto cifrado.
This document outlines various security training areas including general security awareness, virus protection, accessing systems, password management, and wireless use. It discusses protecting systems from unauthorized access and infection by using trusted sites, keeping antivirus software updated, not sharing login information, using strong passwords, and reporting any suspicious activity. The goal of security is to protect privacy and information on systems.
The document discusses cyber security issues related to industrial control systems (ICS) and critical infrastructures. It notes the increasing interdependence between critical infrastructures and the potential for cyber threats to cause disruptions. The document outlines the heterogeneous nature of ICS/SCADA environments and some historical reasons they were considered secure. However, technological changes like increased connectivity now expose these systems to threats. The document advocates a "defense-in-depth" approach to secure ICS, including segregating networks, controlling remote access, and adopting security practices from frameworks. Failure to properly secure ICS could allow threats to cause availability issues, data loss or corruption, and operational disruptions impacting public safety.
National Cybersecurity - Roadmap and Action PlanDr David Probert
Analysis, strategies and practical action plans for National Government Cybersecurity based upon the United Nations - International Telecommunications Union - UN/ITU Cybersecurity Framework and their Global Cybersecurity Agenda - GCA.
IT Security PowerPoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Use IT security PowerPoint Presentation Slides to educate your audience about the cyber security. Incorporate professionally designed content-ready IT security PPT templates to showcase the techniques of protecting computers, networks, programs, and data from attacks that are aimed for exploitation. Demonstrate the preventive measures to protect information from being stolen, compromised or attacked with the help of IT security PowerPoint slideshow. Talk about various cybersecurity strategies which include identify management, risk management and incident management. This deck comprises of templates to create awareness regarding cyber security are cyber security seven preventive methods, cyber security framework, cyber security initiatives, cyber security tips, and more. Add relevant ready-to-use cyber security PPT templates to illustrate various tools such as software patches, firewalls, encryption, etc. These templates are completely editable. You can customize the template as per your convenience. Edit the color, text, icon, and font size as per your requirement. Download ready-made IT security PPT presentation to make your audience aware about the potential cyber threats. End the jitters with our It Security Powerpoint Presentation Slides. Don't give in to baseless apprehensions.
La ciberseguridad implica proteger el ciberespacio y la infraestructura tecnológica contra usos indebidos, defendiendo los servicios y la información. Esto garantiza la seguridad, disponibilidad, integridad y confidencialidad de los activos y usuarios de una organización. Las empresas deben ser digitales pero esto conlleva riesgos de ciberataques, por lo que se unen para dar una respuesta más rápida a las amenazas.
The National Cyber Security Strategy 2016 to 2021 sets out the government's p...at MicroFocus Italy ❖✔
The UK is one of the world’s leading
digital nations. Much of our prosperity
now depends on our ability to secure our
technology, data and networks from the
many threats we face.
Yet cyber attacks are growing more
frequent, sophisticated and damaging when
they succeed. So we are taking decisive
action to protect both our economy and the
privacy of UK citizens.
Our National Cyber Security Strategy sets out
our plan to make Britain confident, capable
and resilient in a fast-moving digital world.
Over the lifetime of this five-year strategy,
we will invest £1.9 billion in defending
our systems and infrastructure, deterring
our adversaries, and developing a wholesociety
capability – from the biggest
companies to the individual citizen.
From the most basic cyber hygiene, to the
most sophisticated deterrence, we need a
comprehensive response.
We will focus on raising the cost of
mounting an attack against anyone in the
UK, both through stronger defences and
better cyber skills. This is no longer just
an issue for the IT department but for the
whole workforce. Cyber skills need to reach
into every profession.
The new National Cyber Security Centre will
provide a hub of world-class, user-friendly
expertise for businesses and individuals, as
well as rapid response to major incidents.
Government has a clear leadership role,
but we will also foster a wider commercial
ecosystem, recognising where industry
can innovate faster than us. This includes
a drive to get the best young minds into
cyber security.
The cyber threat impacts the whole of our
society, so we want to make very clear
that everyone has a part to play in our
national response. It’s why this strategy is
an unprecedented exercise in transparency.
We can no longer afford to have this
discussion behind closed doors.
Ultimately, this is a threat that cannot be
completely eliminated. Digital technology
works because it is open, and that
openness brings with it risk. What we
can do is reduce the threat to a level that
ensures we remain at the vanguard of the
digital revolution. This strategy sets out how.
WFH Cybersecurity Basics Employees and Employers Dinesh O Bareja
Work from home (WFH) is the new normal. The covid19 pandemic, has thrown everyone, across the world into a struggle (and challenge) for survival. While we stand up to the challenge, we have to set our rules for WFH, with cybersecurity safeguards.
Este documento proporciona información sobre seguridad en redes. Define qué es una red de computadoras y explica que la seguridad en redes garantiza el funcionamiento óptimo de las máquinas en una red y los derechos de los usuarios. Luego describe varios requisitos clave para las redes modernas como prestaciones, escalabilidad, fiabilidad, seguridad, movilidad y calidad de servicio. Finalmente, introduce conceptos importantes relacionados con la seguridad como confidencialidad, integridad y disponibilidad.
This document identifies and describes 14 major repositories of data breach information. It finds that while no single comprehensive source exists, the main repositories include Attrition.org, CERT, Databreaches.net, DataLossDB, Identity Theft Resource Centre, InfosecurityAnalysis.com, MyID.com, NAID, PHI Privacy, PogoWasRight.org, Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, US-CERT, US Securities and Exchange Commission, and Verizon. The document evaluates Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, Identity Theft Resource Centre, and DatalossDB.org as being relatively open, detailed repositories of breach data.
Proven Practices to Protect Critical Data - DarkReading VTS DeckNetIQ
NetIQ was a Platinum sponsor for “Plugging the Leaks: Finding and Fixing the IT Security Holes in Your Enterprise,” a virtual trade show (VTS) produced by Information Week Magazine and Dark Reading.
This was our presentation deck: "Proven Practices to Protect Critical Data" presented by Matt Mosley, Senior Product Manager, and Matt Ulery, Director of Product Management during a live presentation. They explored some of the most significant problems facing security teams tasked with protecting critical data. And, they will reveal some of the most effective approaches and technology that can be used to quickly identify real threats.
SCADA systems control critical infrastructure but were historically isolated systems with obscurity for security. They are now increasingly connected to the internet and each other, exposing vulnerabilities like weak passwords and unencrypted data. This presents a serious challenge as SCADA systems have special requirements preventing standard security practices and are difficult to take offline. Government and industry are working to improve SCADA security through awareness, training, and regulation.
This document discusses cyber security and cyber crimes. It begins by explaining why we should be aware of cyber crimes given how connected the world is today through technology. It then provides a brief history of cyber crimes, defining cyber security as technologies and processes to protect computers and networks from unauthorized access. The document outlines some major cyber security problems like viruses, malware, trojan horses, password cracking, and hackers. It explains these threats and provides tips on cyber security best practices to prevent attacks and data theft. In conclusion, it emphasizes that cyber security is everyone's responsibility and outlines India's national cyber security strategy.
Industrial control systems (ICS) are used to control industrial processes and manufacturing equipment. They face unique security challenges compared to traditional IT systems due to their real-time operation and custom hardware and software. This document discusses several past ICS cyber attacks and identifies vulnerabilities in ICS security architecture, configuration management, patch management, and change testing. Proper ICS security requires a cross-functional team approach and careful management of the specialized ICS environment.
This is a presentation that I shared with a group of College students on Cyber Security.
This was part of the Cyber Safe Tamil Nadu 2009 program organized jointly by NASSCOM, DSCI and the Tamil Nadu police.
This document discusses cyber crime. It defines cyber crime as criminal activity that targets or uses computers, networks, or networked devices. The document then outlines the history of cyber crimes, including the first recorded incident in 1820 and the first computer virus and spam email. It categorizes cyber crimes and lists common types such as hacking, denial of service attacks, and software piracy. The document also provides a case study on the 2019 Capital One data breach, where a hacker accessed over 100 million customer accounts, and safety tips to prevent cyber crime.
The document discusses various information security threats and countermeasures across infrastructure, systems, databases, and networks. It describes threats like viruses, worms, Trojans, SQL injection, and denial of service attacks. It also explains associated countermeasures like firewalls, intrusion detection, input validation, log monitoring, and defense in depth.
This document provides an overview and objectives for an information security awareness training. It covers topics like electronic communication, email viruses, phishing, internet usage, social networking, password management, and physical security. The training aims to help users understand cybersecurity threats, how to safely use technology, and their role in protecting company information assets. It emphasizes the importance of having strong, unique passwords and avoiding opening attachments or clicking links from unknown sources.
This document presents a technique to identify the correct IP to MAC address mapping when an attacker is performing ARP spoofing. It discusses limitations of existing probe packet-based detection techniques when facing a strong attacker. The proposed technique generates broadcast ARP requests to identify the correct mapping, even if the attacker can modify the protocol stack. Experimental results show the technique can correctly identify the attacker in both weak and strong attacking environments with only a small increase in network traffic overhead.
El documento habla sobre la seguridad informática y la norma ISO 27001. Explica conceptos clave de seguridad como la confidencialidad, integridad, autenticidad, disponibilidad y control de acceso. También describe los diferentes tipos de cifrado como el cifrado simétrico, asimétrico y conceptos como texto claro y texto cifrado.
This document outlines various security training areas including general security awareness, virus protection, accessing systems, password management, and wireless use. It discusses protecting systems from unauthorized access and infection by using trusted sites, keeping antivirus software updated, not sharing login information, using strong passwords, and reporting any suspicious activity. The goal of security is to protect privacy and information on systems.
The document discusses cyber security issues related to industrial control systems (ICS) and critical infrastructures. It notes the increasing interdependence between critical infrastructures and the potential for cyber threats to cause disruptions. The document outlines the heterogeneous nature of ICS/SCADA environments and some historical reasons they were considered secure. However, technological changes like increased connectivity now expose these systems to threats. The document advocates a "defense-in-depth" approach to secure ICS, including segregating networks, controlling remote access, and adopting security practices from frameworks. Failure to properly secure ICS could allow threats to cause availability issues, data loss or corruption, and operational disruptions impacting public safety.
National Cybersecurity - Roadmap and Action PlanDr David Probert
Analysis, strategies and practical action plans for National Government Cybersecurity based upon the United Nations - International Telecommunications Union - UN/ITU Cybersecurity Framework and their Global Cybersecurity Agenda - GCA.
IT Security PowerPoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Use IT security PowerPoint Presentation Slides to educate your audience about the cyber security. Incorporate professionally designed content-ready IT security PPT templates to showcase the techniques of protecting computers, networks, programs, and data from attacks that are aimed for exploitation. Demonstrate the preventive measures to protect information from being stolen, compromised or attacked with the help of IT security PowerPoint slideshow. Talk about various cybersecurity strategies which include identify management, risk management and incident management. This deck comprises of templates to create awareness regarding cyber security are cyber security seven preventive methods, cyber security framework, cyber security initiatives, cyber security tips, and more. Add relevant ready-to-use cyber security PPT templates to illustrate various tools such as software patches, firewalls, encryption, etc. These templates are completely editable. You can customize the template as per your convenience. Edit the color, text, icon, and font size as per your requirement. Download ready-made IT security PPT presentation to make your audience aware about the potential cyber threats. End the jitters with our It Security Powerpoint Presentation Slides. Don't give in to baseless apprehensions.
La ciberseguridad implica proteger el ciberespacio y la infraestructura tecnológica contra usos indebidos, defendiendo los servicios y la información. Esto garantiza la seguridad, disponibilidad, integridad y confidencialidad de los activos y usuarios de una organización. Las empresas deben ser digitales pero esto conlleva riesgos de ciberataques, por lo que se unen para dar una respuesta más rápida a las amenazas.
The National Cyber Security Strategy 2016 to 2021 sets out the government's p...at MicroFocus Italy ❖✔
The UK is one of the world’s leading
digital nations. Much of our prosperity
now depends on our ability to secure our
technology, data and networks from the
many threats we face.
Yet cyber attacks are growing more
frequent, sophisticated and damaging when
they succeed. So we are taking decisive
action to protect both our economy and the
privacy of UK citizens.
Our National Cyber Security Strategy sets out
our plan to make Britain confident, capable
and resilient in a fast-moving digital world.
Over the lifetime of this five-year strategy,
we will invest £1.9 billion in defending
our systems and infrastructure, deterring
our adversaries, and developing a wholesociety
capability – from the biggest
companies to the individual citizen.
From the most basic cyber hygiene, to the
most sophisticated deterrence, we need a
comprehensive response.
We will focus on raising the cost of
mounting an attack against anyone in the
UK, both through stronger defences and
better cyber skills. This is no longer just
an issue for the IT department but for the
whole workforce. Cyber skills need to reach
into every profession.
The new National Cyber Security Centre will
provide a hub of world-class, user-friendly
expertise for businesses and individuals, as
well as rapid response to major incidents.
Government has a clear leadership role,
but we will also foster a wider commercial
ecosystem, recognising where industry
can innovate faster than us. This includes
a drive to get the best young minds into
cyber security.
The cyber threat impacts the whole of our
society, so we want to make very clear
that everyone has a part to play in our
national response. It’s why this strategy is
an unprecedented exercise in transparency.
We can no longer afford to have this
discussion behind closed doors.
Ultimately, this is a threat that cannot be
completely eliminated. Digital technology
works because it is open, and that
openness brings with it risk. What we
can do is reduce the threat to a level that
ensures we remain at the vanguard of the
digital revolution. This strategy sets out how.
WFH Cybersecurity Basics Employees and Employers Dinesh O Bareja
Work from home (WFH) is the new normal. The covid19 pandemic, has thrown everyone, across the world into a struggle (and challenge) for survival. While we stand up to the challenge, we have to set our rules for WFH, with cybersecurity safeguards.
Este documento proporciona información sobre seguridad en redes. Define qué es una red de computadoras y explica que la seguridad en redes garantiza el funcionamiento óptimo de las máquinas en una red y los derechos de los usuarios. Luego describe varios requisitos clave para las redes modernas como prestaciones, escalabilidad, fiabilidad, seguridad, movilidad y calidad de servicio. Finalmente, introduce conceptos importantes relacionados con la seguridad como confidencialidad, integridad y disponibilidad.
This document identifies and describes 14 major repositories of data breach information. It finds that while no single comprehensive source exists, the main repositories include Attrition.org, CERT, Databreaches.net, DataLossDB, Identity Theft Resource Centre, InfosecurityAnalysis.com, MyID.com, NAID, PHI Privacy, PogoWasRight.org, Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, US-CERT, US Securities and Exchange Commission, and Verizon. The document evaluates Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, Identity Theft Resource Centre, and DatalossDB.org as being relatively open, detailed repositories of breach data.
Proven Practices to Protect Critical Data - DarkReading VTS DeckNetIQ
NetIQ was a Platinum sponsor for “Plugging the Leaks: Finding and Fixing the IT Security Holes in Your Enterprise,” a virtual trade show (VTS) produced by Information Week Magazine and Dark Reading.
This was our presentation deck: "Proven Practices to Protect Critical Data" presented by Matt Mosley, Senior Product Manager, and Matt Ulery, Director of Product Management during a live presentation. They explored some of the most significant problems facing security teams tasked with protecting critical data. And, they will reveal some of the most effective approaches and technology that can be used to quickly identify real threats.
New regulations and the evolving cybersecurity technology landscapeUlf Mattsson
As the cyber threat landscape continues to evolve, organizations worldwide are increasing their spend on cybersecurity technology. We have a transition from 3rd party security providers into native cloud security services. The challenge of securing enterprise data assets is increasing. What’s needed to control Cyber Risk and stay Compliant in this evolving landscape?
We will discuss evolving industry standards, how to keep track of your data assets, protect your sensitive data and maintain compliance to new regulations.
The document discusses how human error is a major cause of data breaches and security incidents, despite malicious hacking being the primary threat. It notes that 97% of breaches were avoidable through basic controls and outlines strategies for organizations to help prevent accidental data leakage by employees, such as creating clear security policies, providing regular security awareness training, and avoiding overly long checklists of rules.
Anonos NIST Comment Letter – De–Identification Of Personally Identifiable Inf...Ted Myerson
The document is a letter submitted to NIST proposing that the draft NISTIR report on de-identification of personally identifiable information include discussion of "dynamic data obscurity". The letter argues that dynamic data obscurity technologies can help overcome limitations of static de-identification techniques by allowing intelligent and compliant access to data elements while still enforcing core privacy protections. The letter proposes adding a section on dynamic data obscurity to the report and discusses the history and benefits of this approach.
What I learned at the Infosecurity ISACA North America Conference 2019Ulf Mattsson
The 2019 Infosecurity ISACA North America Expo and Conference was held in New York City’s Javits Convention Center on November 20-21. With more than 50 sessions spanning 5 tracks, this conference offered the best-in-class educational content ISACA members and certification holders depend on, plus unprecedented access to leaders in the security industry.
Join Ulf Mattsson, Head of Innovation at TokenX for a conference recap webinar on the biggest takeaways
The Threats Posed by Portable Storage DevicesGFI Software
In a society where the use of portable storage devices is commonplace, there is a real risk to business. The threat that these devices pose to corporations and organizations is often ignored. This white paper examines the nature of the threat that devices such as iPods, USB sticks, flash drives and PDAs present and the counter-measures that organizations can adopt to eliminate them.
Data loss prevention by using MRSH-v2 algorithm IJECEIAES
Sensitive data may be stored in different forms. Not only legal owners but also malicious people are interesting of getting sensitive data. Exposing valuable data to others leads to severe Consequences. Customers, organizations, and /or companies lose their money and reputation due to data breaches. There are many reasons for data leakages. Internal threats such as human mistakes and external threats such as DDoS attacks are two main reasons for data loss. In general, data may be categorized based into three kinds: data in use, data at rest, and data in motion. Data Loss Prevention (DLP) are good tools to identify important data. DLP can do analysis for data content and send feedback to administrators to make decision such as filtering, deleting, or encryption. Data Loss Prevention (DLP) tools are not a final solution for data breaches, but they consider good security tools to eliminate malicious activities and protect sensitive information. There are many kinds of DLP techniques, and approximation matching is one of them. Mrsh-v2 is one type of approximation matching. It is implemented and evaluated by using TS dataset and confusion matrix. Finally, Mrsh-v2 has high score of true positive and sensitivity, and it has low score of false negative.
How to protect the cookies once someone gets into the cookie jarJudgeEagle
A new and innovative software solution designed to protect sensitive data stored in a company's database from breaches that goes beyond mere data encryption and significantly increases the level of protection of their sensitive data.
Who is the next target proactive approaches to data securityUlf Mattsson
The landscape of threats to sensitive data is changing. New technologies bring with them new vulnerabilities, and organizations like Target are failing to react properly to the shifts around them. What's needed is an approach equal to the persistent, advanced attacks companies face every day. The sooner we start adopting the same proactive thinking hackers are using to get at our data, the better we will be able to protect it.
Information Security vs. Data Governance vs. Data Protection: What Is the Rea...PECB
This webinar will provide more information on the importance of information security and how you can take security well beyond compliance, an approach on building strong information security, privacy and data governance programs, and the importance of strong data governance in relation to privacy and information security requirements.
The webinar covers
• Information Security
• Importance Of Information Security Today
• Taking Information Security Beyond A Compliance First
• Importance Of Data Governance In Information Security
• Privacy
• Changing And Evolving Privacy Requirements
• Importance Of Data Governance In Privacy
• Data Governance And Data Privacy
• Data Privacy - Data Processing Principles
Presenters:
Moji is a Senior Business Process Analyst working with GemaltoThales, a leading firm in the IT industry. Moji has over fifteen years of experience in leading projects to improve processes, create and implement processes leading to increased revenue generation and eliminate redundancies.
She has a zeal for adding value and increasing revenue for organizations. Moji is very passionate about Data Privacy and its application in business and consumer rights.
Hardeep Mehrotara has 20+ years of senior leadership experience in Information Technology and Cyber Security working for public and private organizations building security programs from the ground up. He has been featured on Canadian television as a cyber expert and provided advice to various communities on implementing cybersecurity strategy, best practices and controls. He has been a co-author on numerous leading industry security control frameworks, technical benchmarks and industry best practice standards.
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IT Security Presentation - IIMC 2014 ConferenceJeff Lemmermann
This document discusses information technology security and fraud prevention. It begins by outlining the top IT security concerns, including data security, network security, and managing risk. It then examines specific threats like data breaches, hacking, and internal fraud. The document provides examples of major data incidents and their impacts. It emphasizes the importance of physical security, access controls, encryption, and policies/procedures to mitigate risks. Throughout, it stresses planning, governance, training, and incident response to help organizations strengthen their security posture.
KPMG performed research on the FTSE 350 constituent companies to analyze their cybersecurity vulnerabilities from publicly available information on corporate websites and documents. They found that over 53% of corporate websites were supported by outdated and vulnerable web server software. On average, they identified 3 potential vulnerabilities per company. They also found companies leaked sensitive internal information through metadata in documents, including an average of 41 usernames and 44 email addresses per company. Certain sectors like utilities leaked the most internal usernames. The report concludes that companies should minimize publishing unnecessary information and better protect sensitive employee accounts and roles to reduce cyber risks.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Data security in a big data environment swedenIBM Sverige
This document discusses data security challenges in big data environments. It notes that data breaches are common and costly for organizations. Several examples of recent breaches are provided that impacted companies like Target, a Canadian government agency, and healthcare providers. The document advocates for the IBM Guardium suite of data security products to help secure sensitive data across different systems and platforms through discovery, monitoring, masking, encryption and other techniques. It argues these tools are needed to reduce risks, costs, and protect brand reputation for organizations working with big data.
The document discusses information security and provides an agenda covering topics such as defining information security, principles of information security, examples of sensitive data, importance of information security, famous security threats and attacks, and how to protect systems. Information security refers to processes and methods used to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access or disruption, and the principles of information security are confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Examples of sensitive data include personal information like health records, financial information, and company or customer data.
Data Leak Protection Using Text Mining and Social Network AnalysisIJERD Editor
Data Leak prevention is a research field which deals with study of potential security threats to
organizational data and strategies to prevent such threats. Data leaks involve the release of sensitive information
to an untrusted third party, intentionally or otherwise while data loss on the other hand is disappearance or
damage of data, inwhich a correct data copy isno longer available to the organization.Thesecorrespond toa
compromise of data integrity oravailability. Data leak/loss has led to huge loss of revenue in the affected
organisation and a threat to their continued existence. All organisations using electronic data storage are
vulnerable to this attack. This research work is targeted at organisations with sensitive datasuch as Bank,
Manufacturing industries, GSM operators, research centres, Military, Higher Educational Institutions and so
on.The authorsanalyse the possible threats to organisational data and the parties that are involved in such threat,
the impact of successful attack on an organisation,and current approaches to DLP.The authorsalso design a DLP
modelusing “text mining” and “social network analysis”, and suggested further research into “text mining” and
“social network analysis”for effective future solution to DLP problems.In conclusion, implementation of this
design with adherence to good data security practices and proactive strategies suggested in thispaper will
significantly reduce the risk of such security threats.
This document discusses the security risks of big data and how to protect sensitive information. It notes that while big data provides opportunities, it also poses big security risks if data is breached. It recommends asking key questions about data discovery, classification, access controls and monitoring to help secure data. The document also describes IBM tools like InfoSphere Guardium that can help organizations monitor user activity, detect anomalies and protect sensitive data in both traditional and big data environments.
Privacy Engineering: Enabling Mobility of Mental Health Services with Data Pr...CREST
This presentation describes privacy engineering for mobile health apps. it revealed that top-ranked apps lack fundamental data protection mechanisms, and that explicit and understandable consent in apps is needed for data access/sharing within or across organisations
The document discusses different managerial roles in information systems. A Chief Information Officer (CIO) heads the information systems function and aligns technology with organizational goals. Functional managers oversee specific functions that report to the CIO, such as systems analysis. An ERP manager maintains and implements changes to enterprise resource planning systems. Project managers are responsible for keeping IT projects on schedule and on budget. An Information Security Officer sets and enforces information security policies to protect organizational data from internal and external threats.
This document discusses different roles that people play in creating information systems. It describes systems analysts as identifying business needs and designing systems to address them. Programmers then write the code to build the systems based on designs. Computer engineers design the underlying hardware and software technologies, with roles in hardware, software, systems integration, and networking. Creators generally have technical backgrounds in fields like computer science and mathematics.
The document discusses operating systems and their functions. It describes how operating systems manage computer hardware and software resources, provide common services to programs, and how the most common operating systems are Windows and MacOS. It provides several methods to identify the specific Windows or MacOS version running on a computer. The document also discusses the history and versions of Windows, MacOS, and Android operating systems.
This document discusses file systems and how they provide an abstraction of data storage on hardware. It defines a file system as a mapping from file names to file contents, with files being sequences of bytes. It also notes that different operating systems commonly use different file systems like FAT, NTFS, ext2/3/4, and HFS+. Hard drives and solid state drives actually store data in more complex ways at the physical level.
This document discusses computer software, including system software and application software. It describes how operating systems are a key type of system software that provides essential functions like managing hardware resources and providing a platform for applications. Popular desktop operating systems today include Windows, MacOS, Chrome OS, and Linux, while mobile operating systems include Android and iOS. The document also discusses how operating systems have evolved over time to take advantage of improvements in processing power and memory.
This document discusses downloading files from the internet. It explains that links can point to files that can be downloaded to a computer. To download a file, you can right-click the link and select "Save link as" or "Save target as." Files are often downloaded to the downloads folder by default. The document also notes that downloading files carries security risks and that one should only download files from trusted sources. It defines downloading as copying data from the internet or external storage to one's computer, while uploading is the reverse of copying to the internet or external storage.
The document discusses file management in Windows operating systems. It describes how to use the Windows File Explorer to organize and manage files and folders on a computer. Key functions covered include copying, moving, and deleting files using tools on the ribbon toolbar like Home, Share, and View tabs. It also explains how to cut, copy, and paste files between locations, and use keyboard shortcuts to perform common file management tasks.
This document discusses different types of computer hardware. It describes personal computers, laptops, mobile phones, tablets, and wearable devices. It explains how these systems have evolved over time as technology has advanced, with smartphones and mobile devices now dominating the market. The document also discusses integrated computing and how technology is being built into everyday products like homes, vehicles and appliances.
This document provides an overview of information systems and their evolution. It begins by defining key terms like data, information, and information systems. It then describes how information systems have evolved over time, starting from the mainframe era where only large organizations could afford room-sized computers, to the PC revolution bringing computers to businesses and individuals with the launch of the IBM PC. The document traces this evolution through additional stages like client-server systems and the modern Internet-connected world. It provides examples and context throughout to illustrate how information systems have transformed and taken on new roles within organizations over decades of technological advancement.
This document provides an introduction to an introductory information technology course. It outlines the course topics which include different types of computing devices, computer applications and software, data analysis, programming, ethics in technology, and information security. It describes the student learning outcomes and evaluations methods which include discussions, quizzes, assignments, exams and a presentation. Guidelines and expectations are provided around assignments, grading, attendance and communication policies.
This document discusses internet privacy, security, and netiquette. It begins by defining internet privacy and noting that privacy concerns have existed since the beginnings of computer sharing. It describes personally identifying information and how privacy relates to information collection. The document outlines risks to internet privacy like cookies and photos online. It emphasizes being careful about what personal information is submitted or posted online so as to avoid issues like identity theft, spam, or information being used by companies for targeted advertising.
The document discusses internet privacy, security, and netiquette. It provides 10 tips for staying safe online, including keeping software updated, being wary of emails from unknown sources, avoiding clicking suspicious links, realizing that free software can still pose risks, not revealing private information on social media, using unique passwords for all accounts, and enabling two-factor authentication. Following basic netiquette rules and safety tips can help users avoid threats like phishing and malware infections.
The document discusses various topics relating to internet privacy, security, and netiquette. It covers computer security and the importance of protecting systems from harm. Examples are given of different systems that are at risk of attacks, including financial systems, utilities, aviation, consumer devices, large corporations, and automobiles. Specific security issues and past attacks are described for each one.
The document provides an introduction to HTML and web development. It discusses what HTML is, the different versions of HTML, HTML elements and tags, how to structure an HTML document with the doctype, head, body and other tags. It also covers creating HTML files, adding images, links, and navigation to pages. The goal is to teach the basics of HTML to create simple websites and web pages.
This document discusses several roles involved in the day-to-day operations and administration of information systems, including computer operators who oversee mainframe computers and data centers, database administrators who manage organizational databases, help desk analysts who are the first line of support for computer users, and trainers who conduct classes to teach users specific computer skills. These roles work to ensure technology systems run effectively and that users can make the most of available resources.
The document discusses the relational data model and databases. It introduces the relational data model, which describes data as interrelated tables. It describes key concepts in relational databases including tables, rows, columns, fields/attributes, records, domains, and degrees. It also discusses database design principles, data warehouses for analysis, and approaches to data warehouse design.
The document discusses the design of a database for a university to track student club participation. A design team determined that tables were needed to track clubs, students, club memberships, and club events. The team defined the fields for each table, including primary keys. Examples of normalized database tables are also provided, along with explanations of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd normal forms. Additional database topics like data types, file-based systems, and database security are also briefly covered.
The document discusses file-based systems for managing organizational data, which were used before modern database systems. File-based systems had several disadvantages, including data redundancy, data isolation, integrity problems, security issues, and concurrency access conflicts. The development of database management systems provided a new approach for storing and organizing data that helped address these issues.
A database is a shared collection of related data used to support organizational activities. A database management system (DBMS) is a computerized data system that allows users to perform operations on a database. DBMSs can be classified based on data model (relational, hierarchical, etc.), number of users supported (single or multi-user), and database distribution (centralized, distributed, homogeneous, heterogeneous). Database users include end users, application users, application programmers, sophisticated users, and database administrators.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
1. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
Introduction to Information Technology
INT-1010
Prof C
Luis R Castellanos
1
07.4
Databases:
Databases and Security Issues
2. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
2
Data and
Databases
Before
Databases
Relational
Model
Databases and
security
Database
concepts
Database
design
3. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
3
Data Security Data Breaches Threats
Databases and
security
Vulnerabilities Protect PII
4. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
4
Data Security
Databases
5. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
5
It is the confidentiality, integrity, and
availability (CIA) of the data in a
database that need to be protected.
Confidentiality can be lost if an
unauthorized person gains entry or
access to a database, or if a person who
is authorized to view selected records
in a database accesses other records he
or she should not be able to view.
If the data is altered by someone who is
unauthorized to do so, the result is a
loss of data integrity.
6. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
6
And if those who need to have access to the
database and its services are blocked from
doing so, there is a resulting loss of
availability.
Security of any database is significantly
impacted by any one or more of these basic
components of CIA being violated.
There are various reasons for spending
money, time, and effort on data protection.
The main reason is reducing financial loss,
followed by compliance with regulatory
requirements, maintaining high levels of
productivity, and meeting customer
expectations
7. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
7
Both businesses and home computer users
should be concerned about data security. The
information stored in databases—client
information, payment information, personal
files, bank account details, and more—can be
hard to replace, whether the loss results from
• physical threats such as a fire or a significant power
outage
• human error that results in errors in the processing
of information or unintended deletion of data, or
from erroneous input
• corporate espionage, theft, or malicious activity.
Loss of this data is potentially dangerous if it
falls into the wrong hands
8. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
8
It is in these three areas that a risk
assessment of the database’s security and
protection of the data should focus.
Is there a backup procedure that would
allow access to the data if the primary
database is destroyed by a physical
threat?
That same backup procedure might be
important in case the CIA of the database
is inadvertently affected by human error.
And what safeguards can/should be put in
place to prevent incidents of espionage,
theft, or other malicious activity?
9. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
9
Data Security Data Breaches Threats
Databases and
security
Vulnerabilities Protect PII
10. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
10
How Common
Are Database
Breaches?
Databases
11. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
11
Just how prevalent are the threats against
databases?
Is it worth the time, money, and personnel
effort to ensure that the database is
safeguarded?
Remember the Target and Neiman Marcus
problems that surfaced in late 2013?
And the continuing saga of Edward Snowden
and the NSA leaks?
These may have been the most widely
publicized data breaches of 2013.
But they were definitely just two of many such
database breaches.
12. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
12
In 2013, Edward Snowden, a former
intelligence contractor for the U.S. National
Security Agency (NSA), revealed the existence
of previously highly classified intelligence-
gathering surveillance programs run by the
NSA and the U.K.’s equivalent, the GCHQ.
While working at the NSA, Snowden began
accumulating information on NSA surveillance
programs and activities while contracted there
from 2009 to 2013.
He gave information to “The Guardian”, was
charged with espionage and had to leave the
US.
https://www.whistleblowers.org/whistleblowers/edward-snowden/
13. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
13
In 2021 a ransomware attack was made
against Colonial Pipeline.
Colonial Pipeline, which operates the biggest
gasoline conduit to the East Coast, said it has
no estimate on when it could restart the 5,500-
mile pipeline that it shut Friday after a
cyberattack. The 5,500-mile conduit carries
2.5 million barrels a day to the East Coast, or
45% of its supply of diesel, gasoline and jet
fuel. (May 2021).
14. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
14
Wells Fargo accidentally leaks
50,000 clients' records
Wells Fargo accidentally leaked thousands of
sensitive documents, it just inadvertently sent 1.4
gigabytes of files to a former financial adviser
who subpoenaed the company as part of a
lawsuit against one of its current employees.
While 1.4GB of files doesn't seem that big, the
collection includes at least 50,000 customers'
names, Social Security numbers and sensitive
financial info.
Wells Fargo discloses another
data breach in 2021
In a replay of similar incidents over the past
3 years, Wells Fargo began to notify people
about the potential compromise of their
personal information. Letters are going to
an undisclosed number of employees whose
personal information was contained in a
computer and a hard disk stolen from the
trunk of a locked vehicle belonging to an
employee of an auditing firm.
https://www.computerworld.com/article/2547477/
wells-fargo-discloses-another-data-breach.html
https://www.engadget.com/2017-07-22-wells-
fargo-accidentally-leaks-client-info.html
15. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
15
Database breaches are the exposure of database records containing personally
identifiable information (PII) or other sensitive information to unauthorized
viewers.
Risk-Based Security (RBS), a group of consultants and founders of the Open
Security Foundation (OSF), reported that 2013 saw a record number of data
records exposed via data breaches.
Open Security Foundation (OSF) operated from 2005 to 2016, as a non-profit public
organization.
Over 822 million such records were made available
to persons who had no authority to view these
records (Risk Based Security, 2014).
16. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
16
But remember, the number of reported
database breaches does not reflect the
total number of breaches that
occurred.
Some companies do not report
breaches in order to protect their
reputations or to prevent customers
from abandoning the company.
17. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
17
The following is a shortlist of what RBS discovered:
• The business sector accounted for 53.4% of reported
incidents, followed by government (19.3%), medical
(11.5%), education (8.2%), and unknown (7.6%).
• Hacking was the cause of 59.8% of reported incidents,
accounting for 72.0% of exposed records.
• Of the reported incidents, 4.8% were the result of web-
related attacks, which amounted to 16.9% of exposed
records.
• Four incidents in 2013 alone secured a place on the Top
10 All-Time Breaches list:
• Adobe—152 million records. Customer IDs, encrypted
passwords, debit or credit card numbers, and other
information relating to customer orders was
compromised.
18. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
18
• Unknown organizations—140 million records.
North Korean hackers exposed e-mail addresses
and identification numbers of South Korean
individuals.
• Target—110 million records. The information
included customer names, addresses, phone
numbers, e-mail addresses, credit/debit card
numbers, PINs, and security codes.
• Pinterest—70 million records. A flaw in the site’s
application programming interface (API) exposed
users' e-mail addresses.
19. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
19
Even if you were not impacted by any of these data breaches, if you have used a
credit card, made an airline reservation, subscribed to a magazine, been a
patient in a hospital, or shopped at a chain store (supermarket or department
store), or if you are a member of an online social media site, your personally
identifiable information (PII) is stored in a database.
How vulnerable is your PII?
20. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
20
What Are the Most Common
Causes of Database Breaches?
As evidenced by the NSA Snowden
leaks and the Target breach, no
database, and no government agency,
company, or business is as secure as
the owners of that database think.
It is difficult for database
administrators and security managers
to keep pace with the new threats and
vulnerabilities that continually emerge.
21. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
21
And to compound the issues, every
company/business/government has
different security issues, making it a
particularly hard challenge to
standardize any one solution that fits
all.
However, there are some common
threats and vulnerabilities that seem to
occur repeatedly.
22. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
22
Data Security Data Breaches Threats
Databases and
security
Vulnerabilities Protect PII
24. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
24
A cyber or cybersecurity threat
is a malicious act that seeks to
damage data, steal data, or
disrupt digital life in general.
https://www.upguard.com/blog/cyber
-threat
25. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
25
Unauthorized Access by Insiders
The malicious insider with approved access to
the system is one of the greatest threats to
database security.
People attack computers because that's where
the information is, and in our hyper-competitive,
hi-tech business and international environment,
information increasingly has great value.
Some alienated individuals also gain a sense of
power, control, and self-importance through
successful penetration of computer systems to
steal or destroy the information or disrupt an
organization's activities.
26. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
26
Another scenario might involve employees affected
by a workforce reduction who take customer account
lists, financial data, or strategic plans with them
when they leave.
Proprietary information could end up in the hands of
competitors or be widely disseminated online (Data
Loss Prevention).
Insiders may also be a threat to database security if
they are granted database access privileges that go
beyond the requirements of their job function, abuse
legitimate database privileges for unauthorized
purposes, or convert access privileges from those of
an ordinary user to those of an administrator.
27. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
27
Accidental Breaches Resulting from
Incorrect—but Not Malicious—Usage
The data breach is not always the result of a
deliberate attempt to subvert data security;
sometimes it is an unintended consequence.
For example, employees might export data from the
parent database system at work and send it, typically
unencrypted, to personal e-mail addresses so they
can work from home.
The data then might be subsequently compromised
on someone’s home computer.
28. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
28
Or a data mining application might
contain flaws that allow a user without
the correct access credentials to
stumble upon database records
inadvertently.
(If the user deliberately continues to
access the data without permission,
this situation becomes a malicious
insider threat.)
30. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
30
Unprotected Personal Hardware
Collection
It is becoming increasingly common
for data to be transferred to other
personal mobile devices—USB flash
drives, smartphones, tablets, and the
like.
It is rare now to find an employee who
never uses a mobile device—personal
or company-supplied—for business
purposes.
31. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
31
However, mobile devices continue to
be a significant source of data
breaches, stemming from a range of
circumstances, including loss or theft
of the devices, failure to install
antimalware tools on the devices, or
failing to password-protect a device
being used for business purposes.
Data is at risk if an employee stores
any proprietary information on such a
device or if that device is used to access
a company's network and/or database.
32. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
32
Stolen Laptops
Forgetful or careless laptop owners
whose equipment is taken expose data
on that laptop to persons not
authorized to have access to the data.
This can also happen if a laptop is
replaced and the hard drive on the
original machine is not properly erased
or destroyed.
33. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
33
Weak Authentication
A legitimate database user typically is
required to submit an ID and password in
order to gain access to a protected database.
Authentication is the process (internal to the
database program itself) by which the
credentials of the user are verified and access
may be granted.
If the process of authentication is weak, an
attacker can assume the identity of a
legitimate user by stealing or obtaining login
credentials.
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Credentials may be illegitimately
obtained by various means:
• Credential theft. The attacker accesses
password files or finds a paper on which the
legitimate user has written down the ID and
password.
• Social engineering. The attacker deceives
someone into providing the login ID and
password by posing as a supervisor, IT
maintenance personnel, or other authority.
• Brute-force attacks. Have you ever been
locked out of an account after attempting to
log in more than 3 times with an incorrect
password? If so, this is the simplest (and
least effective) means of blocking a brute
force attack.
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However, not all password-protected systems, databases,
or files block you from access after 3 attempts. For
example, if you have put a lock on a file on your computer,
you most likely have not set a limit on the number of
attempts on that file.
A brute-force attack is a password-guessing approach in
which the attacker attempts to discover a password by
systematically testing every combination of letters,
numbers, and symbols until the correct combination is
found. Depending upon the password's length and
complexity, this can be a very difficult task to complete.
However, there are widely available tools that hackers can
use to find the password, and it can be difficult to block all
the means by which hacker will try to find the password.
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Exploiting Weaknesses in an Operating
System or Network
Worms, viruses, or Trojan horses could be introduced
into an unprotected or poorly protected operating
system or computer network that supports the
database, leading to potential unauthorized database
access (loss of confidentiality), data corruption (loss
of integrity), or denial of service (DOS), a loss of
access to legitimate users.
A DOS may be achieved by causing a server to stop
functioning, or “crash,” flooding a network with
message traffic or overloading resources on the
computer, forcing it to stop handling additional tasks
or processing.
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Theft of Database Backup Tapes
or Hard Drives
Database backups typically do not have
the same security measures in place
that the primary database employs.
These backups may not be encrypted,
and the media on which backups are
stored are also unprotected.
Theft of the backup media may
allow the attacker full access to
the data stored within the
backup.
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Data Security Data Breaches Threats
Databases and
security
Vulnerabilities Protect PII
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Vulnerabilities
Databases
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A vulnerability is a weakness
that can be exploited by
cybercriminals to gain
unauthorized access to a
computer system.
https://www.upguard.com/blog/
vulnerability
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There are other means by which
databases are exposed to security
breaches, and these are considered
vulnerabilities that may subject a
database to a security breach. These
are more passive, but they can do as
much harm as direct threats:
• Data at rest (unencrypted information)
that is passively residing in storage within
the boundaries of company computers,
perhaps waiting to be moved to a secure
database. Data at rest typically is not as well
protected as data that has been entered into
the database and enjoys the database
security measures.
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• Data in motion is information that is being electronically
transmitted outside the company’s protected network via e-
mail or other communication mediums. For example, the
data might be transferred to a backup facility that is not
part of the internal storage media used for daily work. Or if
the company uses the cloud for data storage backups, the
transfer might take place outside of the company’s
protected network. This can lead to a loss of sensitive data if
there is a malicious attack via malware during the transfer
process or during the execution of a flawed business process
that allows unauthorized persons to view or obtain the data.
(This is not the same as the accidental breach resulting from
incorrect but not malicious usage noted above, where the
home computer to which the data has been transferred is
attacked or breached. That accidental breach occurred
without any intention of harm by the employee.)
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• Poor architecture, in which security was
not adequately factored into the design and
development of the database structure. This
vulnerability may not be discovered until
there is an attempted or successful data
breach.
• Vendor bugs, particularly programming
flaws that allow actions to take place within
the database and with the data that were
not intended or planned.
Much like poor application architecture,
this vulnerability may not be uncovered
until there is an attempted or successful
data breach.
• An unlocked database is one that has no
security measures in place to control access
or auditing.
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This seems counterintuitive, but many
home users employing a database for
personal needs, or even for working on
company data while at home, maybe
working with an unlocked database.
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Risk Assessments
In the business environment, it is critical that a thorough risk assessment takes
place and be periodically reviewed.
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The assessment should address:
• who has access to what data
• the circumstances under which access to the
database may need to change
• who maintains the passwords needed to
access the database
• who uses the company's computers for
access to the internet, e-mail programs, etc.,
and how employees access those resources
• what type of firewalls and anti-malware
solutions to put in place
• the training of the staff
• who has responsibility for enforcement
procedures related to data security.
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There are identified solutions for each
of the threats and vulnerabilities
discussed here, including well-defined
and enforced access policies, use of
strong data encryption, vulnerability
assessments, policies related to strong
passwords, and installation of
firewalls.
There are companies that specialize in
designing plans, procedures, and
software to prevent data loss or data
leakage.
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With data loss, the data is lost
forever, either by deletion,
theft, or data corruption. Data leakage allows unauthorized
people to get access to the data, either
by intentional action or by mistake.
So data loss and data leakage
can be intentional or
unintentional, and both can be
malicious or just human errors.
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Data Security Data Breaches Threats
Databases and
security
Vulnerabilities Protect PII
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Protect Personally
Identifiable
Information (PII)
Databases
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Protecting databases and the data contained
within can be a costly and all-consuming
activity.
But what does this mean for you, the
individual who uses that credit card, makes
airline reservations, files taxes online,
subscribes to a magazine, has been a patient
in a hospital, shops at a chain store, or is a
member of an online social media site?
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Your PII is out there, stored in multiple
databases.
Obviously, you cannot implement
security measures for the company,
business, or government agency that
holds your PII.
But are there many measures you can
take to better protect yourself?
Let’s see some few rules of thumb that
you can implement…
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Keep your passwords to yourself
Do not leave a slip with a list of
passwords under your computer, or
anywhere where it can be viewed or
taken by someone.
Just giving your password to a friend is
not a good idea, either.
Use strong passwords
Many of your user IDs must have strong
passwords to gain entry into one or more
systems.
In those instances when you can choose
any password configuration, pick a strong
password to protect your information.
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Use different passwords for
different accounts
Remembering multiple passwords can
be a challenge, and it’s often
convenient to use the same password
for multiple accounts, ranging from
Facebook and your bank account to
your X (formerly Twitter) page.
The danger here is that a compromise
of any one of these accounts could also
result in the compromise of others if
the same password is used for multiple
accounts.
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Check your credit reports annually
Sometimes people don’t learn that
they’re victims of identity theft until their
credit rating and identity are destroyed.
It’s proactive to get copies of your credit
reports from the credit bureaus and
carefully review them for any errors.
Be sure to follow-up with the credit
bureaus to make any corrections to your
reports, if needed.
By law, you can get one free credit report
from each of the three credit bureaus
every year.
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The three nationwide consumer reporting companies are:
✓ Equifax,
✓ Experian, and
✓ TransUnion
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Google yourself
Enter your own name in Google, Yahoo
or other search engine and see what
data comes up.
Investigate any postings about yourself
in the information that you find.
Look for any suggestions that your PII
may be compromised. Remember that people can be a
very weak link in security
No matter how secure you make your
passwords and how careful you are
with your technology, there is always a
human element to protecting your
information.
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Control physical access to your
devices
It’s important not leave laptops and
other mobile devices unattended in
public locations, like a coffee shop or
other location with free WiFi.
An unattended machine is at risk, for
both theft and other security threats.
When you aren't controlling physical
access to your machine, you shouldn’t
let it out of your sight.
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Remember to logout of a website
when you are finished using it
Whether it’s your email, bank account,
retail store shopping account or library
account, always remember to logout
when you leave the website. Remember to lock your computer
with a password when you are
finished using it
By requiring a password to access your
computer (or other electronic device)
you are protecting your information.
You are also making your computer
useless to a thief who cannot break
password locks.
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What does CIA stands for?
(No, it’s not Central Intelligence Agency)
C
I
A
Consistency
Confidentiality
Coherence
Adherence
Availability
Abstraction
Independence
Integrity
Importance
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True or False?
Some companies do not report
breaches in order to protect their
reputations or to prevent customers
from abandoning the company.
True False
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What is a brute-force attack?
1. password-guessing approach in which the
attacker attempts to discover a password by
testing every combination of letters, numbers,
and symbols until the correct combination is
found
2. attacker accesses password files or finds a paper
on which the legitimate user has written down
the ID and password
3. attacker deceives someone into providing the
login ID and password by posing as a supervisor,
IT maintenance personnel, or other authority
4. attacker steals backup media and has access to
the data stored within the backup
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What is a vulnerability?
1. a malicious act that seeks to damage data, steal data,
or disrupt digital life in general
2. The probability of exposure, loss of critical assets and
sensitive information, or reputational harm as a result
of a cyber attack or breach within an organization’s
network
3. flooding a network with message traffic or
overloading resources on the computer, forcing it to
stop handling additional tasks or processing
4. a weakness that can be exploited by cybercriminals to
gain unauthorized access to a computer system
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Remember some measures you can take to
better protect yourself:
• Keep your passwords to yourself
• Use strong passwords
• Use different passwords for different accounts
• Check your credit reports annually
• Google yourself
• Remember that people can be a very weak link in
security
• Control physical access to your devices
• Remember to logout of a website when you are
finished using it
• Remember to lock your computer with a password
when you are finished using it
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Textbook
71
https://eng.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_
Georges_Community_College/INT_1010%
3A_Concepts_in_Computing
Purchase of a book is not
required.
72. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
Professor C
72
castellr@pgcc.edu
eLearning Expert
BS & MS in Systems Engineering
BS & MS in Military Arts and Science
HC Dr in Education
IT Professor | Spanish Instructor
LCINT1010.wordpress.com
Presentation created in 01/2022.
Slides last updated on 10/2023
73. Introduction to Information Technology
7.4. Databases: Databases and Security Issues
Introduction to Information Technology
INT-1010
Prof C
Luis R Castellanos
73
07.4
Databases:
Databases and Security Issues