Tuukka Ylä-Anttila discusses combining qualitative and quantitative methods when studying political discourse and justification frames. He argues that moving between close, interpretive analysis of small datasets and distant analysis of large datasets allows researchers to develop theories and test them more systematically. Ylä-Anttila applies this approach in his own work on Finnish populism, using techniques like topic modeling and justification network analysis. He emphasizes that both inductive and deductive reasoning are needed to understand political meanings and cultural phenomena at different levels of granularity.