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Thank you for selecting our 𝐁𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐬PPT This medical PowerPoint template about 𝐁𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐬 You can download our template by visiting our website: https://www.rxslides.com/product/bronchitis-powerpoint-templatecopy and paste this URL into the browser and download the full editable template. This 𝐁𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐬animated template is designed by RxSlides, a medical professional team covering the following topics about 𝐁𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐬 𝐃𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 • 𝐁𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐬is an inflammation of the bronchi, the large airways that carry air to the lungs. • It can be either acute, lasting for a short period, or chronic, persisting for several months or longer. • Acute bronchitis is often caused by viral infections, while chronic bronchitis is typically associated with smoking. 𝐞𝐩𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲 • 𝐁𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐬is a highly prevalent respiratory condition, affecting millions worldwide annually. • The estimated global prevalence of acute bronchitis is around 5%, with higher rates in children and the elderly. • Chronic bronchitis affects approximately 5% of adults globally, with a significant burden on healthcare resources. 𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐍𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐁𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐢 𝐓𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐞 • The bronchi are lined by a layer of ciliated epithelium, which helps to remove debris and mucus from the airways. • Beneath the epithelium lies a layer of smooth muscle, which helps to control the diameter of the airways. • The smooth muscle is surrounded by a layer of cartilage, which provides support and structure to the bronchi. • The outermost layer is the adventitia, which contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics. 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐍𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐀𝐛𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐁𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐢 • Differences in airflow and respiration processes between healthy and diseased bronchi. 𝐜𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐬 o Smoking o Pollution o Genetics o Age 𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐤 𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬 o Alcohol o Genetics o Pollution o Viruses 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲 o Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucinous glands in the main bronchi o Hypertrophy of goblet cells in the bronchioles o Increased mucus leading to airway obstruction and air-trapping o Shortened and less mobile cilia due to smoking 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬 • Cough: The most common symptom • Wheezing: A high-pitched whistling sound during breathing, caused by the narrowing of the airways. • Shortness of breath: • Chest discomfort: • Fatigue • Fever: 𝐃𝐢𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝𝐬 o Sputum testing o Pulmonary function tests o Chest X-rays 𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐎𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 o Bronchodilators o Cough suppressants o Inhaled steroids o Animated mechanism of bronchodilators' effect on bronchi 𝐁𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬 • Types: Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) and long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) are commonly used. 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝𝐬 • Includes healthy lifestyle choices such as: o Avoiding alcohol o Maintaining a balanced diet
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LARYNGITIS AND ITS NURSING MANAGEMENT.pdf
1.
3/14/2024 © R
R INSTITUTIONS , BANGALORE 1 SUBJECT – MEDICALAND SURGICAL NURSING TOPIC – LARYNGITIS PREPARED BY DOLISHA WARBI
2.
3/14/2024 © R
R INSTITUTIONS , BANGALORE 2 LARYNGITIS It is the inflammation of larynx leading to laryngeal oedema of laryngeal mucosa and underlying structure. OR An inflammatory process in the mucosa of the vocal chords and larynx. TYPES a) Acute laryngitis b) Chronic laryngitis a) Acute laryngitis: It is the acute inflammation of larynx which last less than a few days and leads to oedema of laryngeal mucosa and underlying structure. Most common cause is “rhino virus” others by adenovirus,measels and mumps para influenza virus. BACTERIAL INFECTION such as diptheria . Overuse of voice e.g. yelling , exposure to noxious that causes cold.
3.
b) Chronic laryngitis
: laryngitis that last more than 3 weeks is known as chronic laryngitis. It is more persistent disorder that produces hoarseness and other voice changes. It is painless and no signs of infection. CAUSES • Vocal misuse • Exposure to noxious agent • Infectious agent – Viral and Bacterial • Inhaled irritants – Chemical fumes, allergens or smoking • Acid reflux (GERD) • Smoking • Excessive alcohol use • Chronic bronchitis • Cancer • Injury tumor 3/14/2024 © R R INSTITUTIONS , BANGALORE 3
4.
SYMPTOMS: • Hoarseness • A
low raspy voice, voice loss • Tickling sensation and rawness in throat • “breaks or cracks” voice • Sensation of lumps in the throat , sore throat • Difficulty in swallowing • Cold or flu like symptoms • Fever • Swollen lymph nodes in the neck • A constant urge to clear the throat • Heavy mucus in throat • Chronic cough • Dysphagia • Difficulty in breathing • Feeling of fullness in throat 3/14/2024 © R R INSTITUTIONS , BANGALORE 4
5.
DIAGNOSIS: • History collection,
physical education • X-ray of neck or chest • CBC ( complete blood count) • Laryngoscopy • Biopsy MANAGEMENT: • Resting the voice • Eliminating smoking and avoiding drinking alcohol • Antibiotics • In severe cases steroids – Methylprednisolone • Mucolytic agents ( mobilize mucus) • Menthol inhalation ( humidifies) • Voice Rehabilitation • Increase intake of fluids • Short course of steroids e.g. Prednisone, Dexamethosone • H2 blockers – Zantac (4-6 weeks) 3/14/2024 © R R INSTITUTIONS , BANGALORE 5
6.
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT Micro- laryngoscope
dissection Laser –assisted dissection 3/14/2024 © R R INSTITUTIONS , BANGALORE 6
7.
NURSING MANAGEMENTS: ØConduct a
thorough assessment of the patient's medical history, including any recent upper respiratory infections or exposure to irritants. ØEvaluate the severity of symptoms, including the degree of hoarseness, difficulty in breathing, and any associated pain. ØEducate the patient about the nature of laryngitis, its causes, and the importance of vocal rest. ØInstruct the patient to avoid irritants such as smoke, strong odors, and excessive talking or whispering. ØEncourage hydration to keep the vocal cords moist. ØAdvise the patient to limit or avoid talking, whispering, or shouting. ØEncourage the patient to drink plenty of fluids to maintain hydration and keep the mucous membranes moist. ØWarm saline gargles or throat lozenges may provide relief and help soothe the irritated throat. ØHumidification to prevent further irritation. ØAdminister over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as a pain reliever. ØMonitor the respiratory pattern of the patient. ØSpeech Therapy ØPrevention of Complications 3/14/2024 © R R INSTITUTIONS , BANGALORE 7
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