This Presentation most beneficial for Engineering student and mostly for electronics.In this PPT discuss about the led and also how does it work , use and also discuss about construction of LED,color material,cost , application and many more
The document provides an overview of light emitting diodes (LEDs), including their history, construction, working principle, types, colors, applications, and advantages/disadvantages. It discusses how LEDs were first developed in the early 20th century and modernized in the 1960s. The construction of an LED involves a semiconductor chip mounted on a circuit board with contacts. When voltage is applied, electrons and holes recombine to emit photons of light. LEDs come in various colors depending on the semiconductor material and can be used for indicators, displays, lighting and more due to their high efficiency and long lifespan.
An LED is a semiconductor device that emits light when activated by electricity. Blue LEDs were first developed in 1972 but were not bright. The first high-brightness blue LED was created by Nakamura in 1994, paving the way for white LEDs through phosphor coatings. White LEDs are now commonly used and offer advantages over traditional lighting like higher efficiency, longer lifetime, and ability to emit specific colors. However, LEDs also have some disadvantages such as higher initial cost and temperature/voltage sensitivity.
This document discusses LED lighting as an energy saving technology. It begins with an introduction to LEDs as a type of light emitting diode that produces light when activated. The document then covers key benefits of LEDs like energy efficiency, longevity, and flexibility of use. Examples are given of common places LEDs are used both indoors and outdoors. The document also provides technical details on LED operation, advantages like cost savings, and disadvantages such as higher initial cost compared to other lighting. It concludes by promoting LEDs as an environmentally friendly lighting technology.
This document provides an overview of LED technology, including its history, types, and benefits. It discusses the development of LEDs from red lights in the 1960s to modern high-brightness blue and white LEDs. Key developments include the invention of high-brightness blue LEDs in the 1990s, which enabled the production of white LEDs through phosphor coating and advanced lighting applications. The document also describes the inner workings of LEDs, comparing their efficiency and lifetime to other light sources, and provides details on connecting, soldering and testing LED circuits.
White LEDs offer significant energy savings potential compared to traditional lighting. By optimally using white LEDs, global lighting electricity usage could be reduced from 20% to 4%. White LEDs are also more energy efficient, longer lasting, and can reduce CO2 emissions compared to other lights. There are two main methods for creating white light with LEDs - using a combination of colored LEDs, or using a blue LED with a phosphor coating to convert some blue light to yellow. White LEDs continue to improve in efficiency and costs, making their use more widespread.
This document discusses LED lighting and its advantages over traditional lighting sources. It begins with an overview of the evolution of lighting technologies from incandescent bulbs to CFLs to LEDs. LEDs are then defined and their key differences from other light sources are explained, such as their directional light emission and low heat output. Some examples of LED lamps are shown and their advantages like energy savings, lack of hazardous materials, and longer lifespan are outlined. Applications of LEDs in various sectors like automotive, traffic signals, and medical displays are also presented. The document concludes by stating that LED is the future of lighting as its efficiency and lifespan will continue to improve while costs decrease further.
- LEDs (light emitting diodes) are semiconductor light sources that emit light through electroluminescence when activated by electricity. Blue LEDs in particular are important for making white light.
- Blue LEDs were difficult to develop because they require gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductors, which are challenging to grow. Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano, and Shuji Nakamura received the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics for inventing the blue LED.
- LED technology has advanced greatly since its invention in 1907. Blue and other colored LEDs now have many applications including displays, lighting, sterilization, and hygiene.
This Presentation most beneficial for Engineering student and mostly for electronics.In this PPT discuss about the led and also how does it work , use and also discuss about construction of LED,color material,cost , application and many more
The document provides an overview of light emitting diodes (LEDs), including their history, construction, working principle, types, colors, applications, and advantages/disadvantages. It discusses how LEDs were first developed in the early 20th century and modernized in the 1960s. The construction of an LED involves a semiconductor chip mounted on a circuit board with contacts. When voltage is applied, electrons and holes recombine to emit photons of light. LEDs come in various colors depending on the semiconductor material and can be used for indicators, displays, lighting and more due to their high efficiency and long lifespan.
An LED is a semiconductor device that emits light when activated by electricity. Blue LEDs were first developed in 1972 but were not bright. The first high-brightness blue LED was created by Nakamura in 1994, paving the way for white LEDs through phosphor coatings. White LEDs are now commonly used and offer advantages over traditional lighting like higher efficiency, longer lifetime, and ability to emit specific colors. However, LEDs also have some disadvantages such as higher initial cost and temperature/voltage sensitivity.
This document discusses LED lighting as an energy saving technology. It begins with an introduction to LEDs as a type of light emitting diode that produces light when activated. The document then covers key benefits of LEDs like energy efficiency, longevity, and flexibility of use. Examples are given of common places LEDs are used both indoors and outdoors. The document also provides technical details on LED operation, advantages like cost savings, and disadvantages such as higher initial cost compared to other lighting. It concludes by promoting LEDs as an environmentally friendly lighting technology.
This document provides an overview of LED technology, including its history, types, and benefits. It discusses the development of LEDs from red lights in the 1960s to modern high-brightness blue and white LEDs. Key developments include the invention of high-brightness blue LEDs in the 1990s, which enabled the production of white LEDs through phosphor coating and advanced lighting applications. The document also describes the inner workings of LEDs, comparing their efficiency and lifetime to other light sources, and provides details on connecting, soldering and testing LED circuits.
White LEDs offer significant energy savings potential compared to traditional lighting. By optimally using white LEDs, global lighting electricity usage could be reduced from 20% to 4%. White LEDs are also more energy efficient, longer lasting, and can reduce CO2 emissions compared to other lights. There are two main methods for creating white light with LEDs - using a combination of colored LEDs, or using a blue LED with a phosphor coating to convert some blue light to yellow. White LEDs continue to improve in efficiency and costs, making their use more widespread.
This document discusses LED lighting and its advantages over traditional lighting sources. It begins with an overview of the evolution of lighting technologies from incandescent bulbs to CFLs to LEDs. LEDs are then defined and their key differences from other light sources are explained, such as their directional light emission and low heat output. Some examples of LED lamps are shown and their advantages like energy savings, lack of hazardous materials, and longer lifespan are outlined. Applications of LEDs in various sectors like automotive, traffic signals, and medical displays are also presented. The document concludes by stating that LED is the future of lighting as its efficiency and lifespan will continue to improve while costs decrease further.
- LEDs (light emitting diodes) are semiconductor light sources that emit light through electroluminescence when activated by electricity. Blue LEDs in particular are important for making white light.
- Blue LEDs were difficult to develop because they require gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductors, which are challenging to grow. Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano, and Shuji Nakamura received the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics for inventing the blue LED.
- LED technology has advanced greatly since its invention in 1907. Blue and other colored LEDs now have many applications including displays, lighting, sterilization, and hygiene.
Organic LEDs (OLEDs) are a type of thin, lightweight LED that uses organic compounds that emit light in response to an electric current. OLEDs can be used for displays and solid state lighting applications. They have advantages over LCDs like being thinner, lighter, achieving higher contrast, and not requiring backlighting. OLEDs operate by using organic material layers, including an emissive layer, between an anode and cathode. When an electron and hole pair recombine in the emissive layer, a photon is released, emitting light. Research is focused on improving the lifetime of blue organic films and reducing production costs.
This document provides an overview of light emitting diodes (LEDs). It discusses the history and development of LEDs from early experiments in the 20th century to recent breakthroughs enabling high-brightness white light. The working principle of LEDs is that they emit light through electroluminescence when electrons recombine with holes in a semiconductor, releasing photons. The document also describes different types of LEDs including miniature indicator LEDs, high-power LEDs used for lighting, and application-specific LED displays.
Important Questions For Viva-converted (1)-converted.pptx21MEB358KunalArya
LEDs emit light when an electric current passes through a semiconductor material. They are used widely in displays, lighting, and other applications due to their low power use, long lifespan, and fast switching. LEDs work via electroluminescence - when electric current passes through the diode, electrons recombine with holes and release photons. The color of light emitted depends on the semiconductor material used. Solar energy is the energy from the sun that can be converted to heat or electricity via solar panels. It is a renewable resource but has disadvantages like lower output during winter and cloudy weather.
The document discusses the different types of light bulbs - incandescent, CFL, and LED. It provides details on their energy efficiency, lifespan, luminous efficiency, power consumption, and environmental impact. LED bulbs are the most efficient option, with energy savings of 80-90% compared to incandescent bulbs. They last 50,000 hours compared to 1,200 hours for incandescent. LEDs do not contain toxic mercury like CFLs. Widespread adoption of LEDs in India could save 9,000 million kWh of electricity annually, worth $850 million. This would significantly reduce the need for new power plants and cut national electricity demand.
The document discusses the history of light bulbs and LED lights. It describes how Humphry Davy invented the first electric light in 1809 using a charcoal strip. Thomas Edison then invented the incandescent light bulb in 1879 using a carbon filament inside an oxygen-free bulb. Both light bulbs and LEDs were built to last, such as the Centennial Bulb that has been continuously lit since 1901. LED lights were later invented in the 1960s and their efficiency and light output has increased exponentially over time due to improvements like Haitz's Law.
The document discusses the history of light bulbs and LED lights. It describes how Humphry Davy invented the first electric light in 1809 using a charcoal strip. Thomas Edison then invented the incandescent light bulb in 1879 using a carbon filament inside an oxygen-free bulb. Both light bulbs and LEDs were built to last, such as the Centennial Bulb that has been continuously lit since 1901. LED lights were later invented in the 1960s and their efficiency and light output has increased exponentially over time due to improvements like Haitz's Law.
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on blue LEDs. It discusses the history and development of blue LEDs, highlighting key inventors. It describes the construction and working principles of blue LEDs using gallium nitride semiconductors. The document outlines the major challenges in developing bright blue LEDs and their advantages for applications such as white lighting, displays, and water purification. Blue LEDs were crucial for developing energy efficient and long-lasting white LEDs, earning their inventors the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics.
This document discusses LED (light emitting diode) lights. Some key points:
- LED lights are extremely energy efficient, lasting around 100,000 hours while reducing energy consumption by 80-90% compared to other bulbs.
- They are widely used for general lighting as well as in specific applications like hotels, shops, signs, and outdoor lighting.
- LEDs use semiconductors rather than a filament to produce light through excitation of electrons, making them more durable and longer lasting than incandescent bulbs.
- Other advantages of LEDs include low heat production, instant on, shock resistance, compatibility with dimmers, and lack of toxic materials like mercury.
This document summarizes a physics project investigating whether LEDs can operate in reverse to detect light. The student tested various colored LEDs and a photodiode using a monochromator to separate light wavelengths. The LEDs generally showed a peak absorption wavelength 30nm shorter than their emission peak, agreeing with predictions. However, not all LEDs responded as expected. While LEDs were worse than the photodiode at detecting white light, they could potentially be used as spectrally sensitive light detectors in applications. Further work could examine efficiency over time to develop an LED-based light detector.
LEDs (light emitting diodes) are tiny semiconductor devices that emit light when electric current passes through them. They are found in many electronic devices to provide numbers, images, and indicators. Unlike incandescent bulbs, LEDs have a much longer lifespan and don't get hot. Depending on the material used, LEDs can produce light in the infrared, visible, or ultraviolet spectra. They are becoming increasingly popular for lighting and displays due to their efficiency and compact size.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on plastic solar cells. It begins with an introduction to plastic solar cells, which were first introduced in 1986 and use conducting plastics and flexible substrates. It then describes conventional solar cells made from semiconductors that have high efficiency but are expensive to produce. The working principle of a p-n junction in conventional solar cells is explained. Device architectures for plastic solar cells include simple metal-insulator-metal designs and more complex heterojunction designs. The working principle involves photons exciting electron-hole pairs that are split at interfaces. Advantages of plastic solar cells include lower cost of manufacturing and being more flexible. The conclusion is that plastic solar cells can work on cloudy days and are
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on plastic solar cells. It begins with an introduction to plastic solar cells, which were first introduced in 1986 and use conducting plastics and flexible substrates. It then describes conventional solar cells made from semiconductors, which have high efficiency but are expensive to produce. The working principle of a basic p-n junction solar cell is explained. The document then discusses the device architectures, working principles, advantages and drawbacks of plastic solar cells, which use organic semiconductors and conjugated polymers. It concludes by stating that while plastic solar cells are more compact and effective than conventional cells, their current high cost is a major drawback that may be solved in the future.
Electrical Installation and Maintenance - Safety Guidelines and Types of Ligh...MarkJeraldSambatMend
This document discusses different types of light bulbs, including their basic functions and characteristics. It describes incandescent lamps, which produce light through a heated filament, and fluorescent lamps, which use mercury vapor and phosphors to produce light. LED lamps are also discussed, noting how they produce light through microchips and diodes, and that they are very energy efficient. The advantages of LED lights are provided, such as long lifespan, energy efficiency, and flexibility. Potential disadvantages like high upfront costs and color shift over time are also mentioned.
Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when electric current passes through it. LEDs have a P-N junction made of semiconductor materials like gallium arsenide or aluminum gallium arsenide. When forward biased, electrons recombine with holes and release energy in the form of photons. LEDs have advantages like high efficiency, long lifespan, fast switching, and come in various colors. They are used for indicators, lighting, data transmission, and displays. While more expensive initially than other lights, LEDs are becoming more affordable and replacing incandescent and fluorescent lights due to their efficiency and longevity.
Our vision is to save energy for our future generations, while we continue protecting our environment. While you choose USA LED, we assure you, you will never miss out any moment of splendid lights and aura and instead will be able to reduce the value of what you enjoy.
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs have several advantages over traditional light sources, including high energy efficiency, long lifetime, improved robustness, and smaller size. They operate by converting electrical energy directly into light through electroluminescence in a very narrow band of wavelengths, producing light in a specific color without using any color filters. However, LEDs also have some disadvantages like higher initial costs and sensitivity to temperature.
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs have several advantages over traditional light sources like incandescent bulbs including higher energy efficiency, longer lifetime, resistance to shock, and ability to emit light in specific wavelengths. However, LEDs also have some disadvantages like higher initial cost and sensitivity to temperature changes.
LEDs emit light when electricity is passed through a semiconductor chip. The color of light emitted depends on the material used in the chip. LEDs are more energy efficient than incandescent bulbs and last much longer. They have many applications including indicator lights, automotive lighting, signage, and general illumination.
Organic LEDs (OLEDs) are a type of thin, lightweight LED that uses organic compounds that emit light in response to an electric current. OLEDs can be used for displays and solid state lighting applications. They have advantages over LCDs like being thinner, lighter, achieving higher contrast, and not requiring backlighting. OLEDs operate by using organic material layers, including an emissive layer, between an anode and cathode. When an electron and hole pair recombine in the emissive layer, a photon is released, emitting light. Research is focused on improving the lifetime of blue organic films and reducing production costs.
This document provides an overview of light emitting diodes (LEDs). It discusses the history and development of LEDs from early experiments in the 20th century to recent breakthroughs enabling high-brightness white light. The working principle of LEDs is that they emit light through electroluminescence when electrons recombine with holes in a semiconductor, releasing photons. The document also describes different types of LEDs including miniature indicator LEDs, high-power LEDs used for lighting, and application-specific LED displays.
Important Questions For Viva-converted (1)-converted.pptx21MEB358KunalArya
LEDs emit light when an electric current passes through a semiconductor material. They are used widely in displays, lighting, and other applications due to their low power use, long lifespan, and fast switching. LEDs work via electroluminescence - when electric current passes through the diode, electrons recombine with holes and release photons. The color of light emitted depends on the semiconductor material used. Solar energy is the energy from the sun that can be converted to heat or electricity via solar panels. It is a renewable resource but has disadvantages like lower output during winter and cloudy weather.
The document discusses the different types of light bulbs - incandescent, CFL, and LED. It provides details on their energy efficiency, lifespan, luminous efficiency, power consumption, and environmental impact. LED bulbs are the most efficient option, with energy savings of 80-90% compared to incandescent bulbs. They last 50,000 hours compared to 1,200 hours for incandescent. LEDs do not contain toxic mercury like CFLs. Widespread adoption of LEDs in India could save 9,000 million kWh of electricity annually, worth $850 million. This would significantly reduce the need for new power plants and cut national electricity demand.
The document discusses the history of light bulbs and LED lights. It describes how Humphry Davy invented the first electric light in 1809 using a charcoal strip. Thomas Edison then invented the incandescent light bulb in 1879 using a carbon filament inside an oxygen-free bulb. Both light bulbs and LEDs were built to last, such as the Centennial Bulb that has been continuously lit since 1901. LED lights were later invented in the 1960s and their efficiency and light output has increased exponentially over time due to improvements like Haitz's Law.
The document discusses the history of light bulbs and LED lights. It describes how Humphry Davy invented the first electric light in 1809 using a charcoal strip. Thomas Edison then invented the incandescent light bulb in 1879 using a carbon filament inside an oxygen-free bulb. Both light bulbs and LEDs were built to last, such as the Centennial Bulb that has been continuously lit since 1901. LED lights were later invented in the 1960s and their efficiency and light output has increased exponentially over time due to improvements like Haitz's Law.
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on blue LEDs. It discusses the history and development of blue LEDs, highlighting key inventors. It describes the construction and working principles of blue LEDs using gallium nitride semiconductors. The document outlines the major challenges in developing bright blue LEDs and their advantages for applications such as white lighting, displays, and water purification. Blue LEDs were crucial for developing energy efficient and long-lasting white LEDs, earning their inventors the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics.
This document discusses LED (light emitting diode) lights. Some key points:
- LED lights are extremely energy efficient, lasting around 100,000 hours while reducing energy consumption by 80-90% compared to other bulbs.
- They are widely used for general lighting as well as in specific applications like hotels, shops, signs, and outdoor lighting.
- LEDs use semiconductors rather than a filament to produce light through excitation of electrons, making them more durable and longer lasting than incandescent bulbs.
- Other advantages of LEDs include low heat production, instant on, shock resistance, compatibility with dimmers, and lack of toxic materials like mercury.
This document summarizes a physics project investigating whether LEDs can operate in reverse to detect light. The student tested various colored LEDs and a photodiode using a monochromator to separate light wavelengths. The LEDs generally showed a peak absorption wavelength 30nm shorter than their emission peak, agreeing with predictions. However, not all LEDs responded as expected. While LEDs were worse than the photodiode at detecting white light, they could potentially be used as spectrally sensitive light detectors in applications. Further work could examine efficiency over time to develop an LED-based light detector.
LEDs (light emitting diodes) are tiny semiconductor devices that emit light when electric current passes through them. They are found in many electronic devices to provide numbers, images, and indicators. Unlike incandescent bulbs, LEDs have a much longer lifespan and don't get hot. Depending on the material used, LEDs can produce light in the infrared, visible, or ultraviolet spectra. They are becoming increasingly popular for lighting and displays due to their efficiency and compact size.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on plastic solar cells. It begins with an introduction to plastic solar cells, which were first introduced in 1986 and use conducting plastics and flexible substrates. It then describes conventional solar cells made from semiconductors that have high efficiency but are expensive to produce. The working principle of a p-n junction in conventional solar cells is explained. Device architectures for plastic solar cells include simple metal-insulator-metal designs and more complex heterojunction designs. The working principle involves photons exciting electron-hole pairs that are split at interfaces. Advantages of plastic solar cells include lower cost of manufacturing and being more flexible. The conclusion is that plastic solar cells can work on cloudy days and are
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on plastic solar cells. It begins with an introduction to plastic solar cells, which were first introduced in 1986 and use conducting plastics and flexible substrates. It then describes conventional solar cells made from semiconductors, which have high efficiency but are expensive to produce. The working principle of a basic p-n junction solar cell is explained. The document then discusses the device architectures, working principles, advantages and drawbacks of plastic solar cells, which use organic semiconductors and conjugated polymers. It concludes by stating that while plastic solar cells are more compact and effective than conventional cells, their current high cost is a major drawback that may be solved in the future.
Electrical Installation and Maintenance - Safety Guidelines and Types of Ligh...MarkJeraldSambatMend
This document discusses different types of light bulbs, including their basic functions and characteristics. It describes incandescent lamps, which produce light through a heated filament, and fluorescent lamps, which use mercury vapor and phosphors to produce light. LED lamps are also discussed, noting how they produce light through microchips and diodes, and that they are very energy efficient. The advantages of LED lights are provided, such as long lifespan, energy efficiency, and flexibility. Potential disadvantages like high upfront costs and color shift over time are also mentioned.
Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when electric current passes through it. LEDs have a P-N junction made of semiconductor materials like gallium arsenide or aluminum gallium arsenide. When forward biased, electrons recombine with holes and release energy in the form of photons. LEDs have advantages like high efficiency, long lifespan, fast switching, and come in various colors. They are used for indicators, lighting, data transmission, and displays. While more expensive initially than other lights, LEDs are becoming more affordable and replacing incandescent and fluorescent lights due to their efficiency and longevity.
Our vision is to save energy for our future generations, while we continue protecting our environment. While you choose USA LED, we assure you, you will never miss out any moment of splendid lights and aura and instead will be able to reduce the value of what you enjoy.
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs have several advantages over traditional light sources, including high energy efficiency, long lifetime, improved robustness, and smaller size. They operate by converting electrical energy directly into light through electroluminescence in a very narrow band of wavelengths, producing light in a specific color without using any color filters. However, LEDs also have some disadvantages like higher initial costs and sensitivity to temperature.
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs have several advantages over traditional light sources like incandescent bulbs including higher energy efficiency, longer lifetime, resistance to shock, and ability to emit light in specific wavelengths. However, LEDs also have some disadvantages like higher initial cost and sensitivity to temperature changes.
LEDs emit light when electricity is passed through a semiconductor chip. The color of light emitted depends on the material used in the chip. LEDs are more energy efficient than incandescent bulbs and last much longer. They have many applications including indicator lights, automotive lighting, signage, and general illumination.
Similar a LED For Lighting Rev 1-Gorman and Pahl.pptx (20)
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
1. USING LIGHT EMITTING
DIODES FOR LIGHTING
BY: GRANT GORMAN AND ALEC PAHL
5/6/2013
ABSTRACT: LIGHT EMITTING DIODES ARE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
THAT EMIT LIGHT WHEN A VOLTAGE IS PLACES ACROSS THEM. THEY
HAVE BECOME INCREASINGLY POPULAR IN LIGHTING APPLICATIONS
BECAUSE OF THEIR HIGH EFFICIENCY AND LONG LASTING OUTPUT.
2. OUTLINE
• What is a Light Emitting Diode?
• Why Use LEDs?
• LED Physics
• Lighting Applications
• Current Progress
3. WHAT IS A LIGHT EMITTING DIODE?
• A Light Emitting Diode is the reverse of a solar cell
• It uses electrical energy to produce photons of a certain wavelength.
• The wavelength depends on the energy gap of the material
•λ =
ℎ𝑐
𝐸𝑔
[1]
4. HOW DOES THE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
WORK?
• Current flows in the same way as a normal diode
• However, normal diodes made from silicon or germanium are indirect
band gap materials, and when the carriers recombine, they do not
form a photon
• A light emitting diode is a direct band gap material, and when the
carriers recombine, they emit a photon.
5. PHYSICS OF LEDS
When a voltage is applied across the pn
junction of the diode, electrons and holes
flow across the space charge region,
becoming excess minority carriers.
These carriers then diffuse into the neutral
semiconductor regions, recombining with
the majority carriers.
In an LED, this process is direct from the
band gap to the valence band, which causes
a photon to be emitted. [1]
Figure 1: The basic process of photon
generation [2]
6. USING LEDS FOR LIGHTING
• Advantages
• More efficient: More light per unit of energy than incandescent bulbs
80-100 lm/W for LED bulbs, compared to only 10-17 lm/W for incandescent. [5]
• Cool: Incandescent light sources can burn very hot, but a LED light source gives off little
thermal heat. [6]
• Resistant to breakage: Rather than being made of glass and thin wires, LEDs are solid state
devices and are far less fragile than an incandescent bulb or fluorescent. [6]
• Long Lasting: 30,000-50,000 hours for an LED, compared to 1,000 for incandescent or 8,000
hours for fluorescent. [2]
• Disadvantage
• Expensive: Per lumen, LEDs have higher upfront costs. An A19 9 LED light bulb we found
cost 12.97 for each bulb, while in the same store, a six pack of A19 incandescent bulbs cost
7.97. [7]
7. THE COLOR OF LEDS
• LEDs, due to the materials available
and the limited number of energy gaps,
only give off light in certain
wavelengths; they do not give off white
light naturally.
• Two different methods are used to
generate white light
• RGB system: Mix Red, blue, and green
LEDs together to create white light
• Phosphor system: Coat LEDs in a
phosphor that shifts the color into the
white spectrum.
8. • Lumens/Watt calculation:
• 𝐿𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑥
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
• 800 𝑙𝑚
10 𝑊
= 80 Lumens/Watt
LED light bulb example
Table 1: Sample Data Sheet of an A19 LED light bulb
[4]
9. OPERATING ABOVE 100 PERCENT
EFFICIENCY?
• Recent researchers at MIT found an interesting
property of LEDs [8]
• Reducing power by a factor of 4 reduced light output by a
factor of 2
• LEDs would use electrical power to use the heat of the
lattice to excite electrons
• At very low voltages, the heat of the lattice generating
photons is greater than the energy put into the diode
• 30 picowatts of input power generated 70 picowatts of light
energy.
• This also cools the air around the light
10. INPUT POWER VS OUPTPUT POWER AT
EXTREMELY LOW INPUTS [8]
11. CONCLUSIONS
• A Light Emitting Diode is a solid state semiconductor device that
converts electrical power into light via the emission of photons
• LEDs have many advantages in lighting today, due to their high
efficiency and longevity
• However, they are more expensive up front than incandescent and
fluorescents at the moment, and so require additional research before
completely replacing other forms of lighting.
12. REFERENCES
1. Neamen, Donald A. Semiconductor Physics and Devices. 4th ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill,
2012. Print.
2. "Light-emitting Diode." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 05 Feb. 2013. Web. 02 May 2013.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode>.
3. "LED Lamp." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 05 Jan. 2013. Web. 02 May 2013.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED_lamp>.
4. Juan, Xiao. "LED E27 Light Bulb." Paralight.us. Para Light, 11 Aug. 2011. Web. 02 May 2013.
<http://www.para.com.tw/>.
5. 5. "Incandescent Lighting." Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. US Department of Energy,
22 Apr. 2013. Web. 02 May 2013.
<http://www.eere.energy.gov/basics/buildings/incandescent.html>.
13. REFERENCES
• 6. "In Depth: Advantages of LED Lighting." Energy & Power. N.p., n.d. Web.
02 May 2013. <http://energy.ltgovernors.com/in-depth-advantages-of-led-
lighting.html>.
• 7. "Light Bulbs." Homedepot.com. Home Depot, n.d. Web. 02 May 2013.
• 8. Santhanam,, Parthiban B., Dodd J. Grey, Jr., and Rajeev J. Ram.
"Thermoelectrically Pumped Light-Emitting Diodes Operating above Unity
Efficiency." Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 097403 (2012):. American Physical Society,
27 Feb. 2012. Web. 02 May 2013.
• 9. "LED (Light Emitting Diode) Bulbs." Bulbs.com. Bulbs.com, n.d. Web. 02
May 2013. <http://www.bulbs.com/learning/led.aspx>.
14. KEY CONCEPTS
• LEDs are made of direct band gap materials such as GaP
• Wavelength of the light emitted depends on the energy gap
• Different materials give off different colors of light
• LEDS are more efficient and last longer than other forms of lighting,
but are more expensive upfront
• MIT Resarchers have tested LEDs that have an efficiency of above
100 percent.