Liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation.Sweetp999
The document discusses India's New Industrial Policy of 1991 which introduced the principles of liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG). It aimed to address issues like the government's excessive spending, inefficiencies, and losses in public sector enterprises. Liberalization relaxed restrictions on trade, investment, industry and privatization transferred public sector enterprises to private ownership. Globalization opened the Indian economy to increased foreign investment and trade. The policy changes aimed to make the Indian economy more competitive and integrate it with the global economy.
Budget - Meaning, Definition and ObjectivesRajaKrishnan M
A budget is a financial plan for a defined period that estimates future business conditions like sales. It is prepared and approved prior to the period to attain objectives. Budgets define objectives, policies and coordinate activities. They secure proper coordination between departments. Budgeting involves heavy costs so it may not be suitable for small businesses initially due to lack of experience. The main steps in budgetary control are establishing budgets for each organization section, recording actual performance, and continuously comparing actuals to budgets.
This document discusses managerial remuneration under the Companies Act of 1956 in India. It defines key terms like manager and director. It outlines that the maximum remuneration paid to a manager cannot exceed 11% of a company's profits and discusses how remuneration is calculated, including salaries, allowances, commissions, and other benefits. The total remuneration to a manager cannot exceed 5% of net profits. Remuneration to directors also requires prior government approval and a special resolution.
The document discusses the economic implications of elasticity of substitution. It is introduced as a measure of how easily one input can be substituted for another when their prices change. Elasticity of substitution has various applications, including interpreting the substitutability of inputs, production theory involving profit maximization and cost minimization, and specifying common production functions like Cobb-Douglas, constant elasticity of substitution, and translog that determine the elasticity between input pairs. The document provides mathematical expressions and diagrams to explain these concepts.
Public finance studies income and expenditure activities of the state or government, while private finance studies those of individuals and private entities. Both have the objectives of satisfying wants, though public finance aims for collective wants satisfaction. They both require balancing receipts and expenditures, and borrowing when expenditures exceed income. However, they differ in how expenditure is determined, the compulsory nature of public expenditure, and ability to apply the principle of equi-marginal utility.
This document discusses different types and classifications of money including commodity money, metallic money, paper money, bank credit, electronic money, hard money, soft money, and no money. It also discusses the differences between currency and money, as well as functions of money such as a medium of exchange, store of value, unit of account, and more. Key points covered include that the Indian rupee is considered convertible paper money, backed approximately 6% by gold reserves and 94% by foreign securities. The document provides sources and a bibliography.
This document discusses different types of company meetings required by law, including statutory meetings, annual general meetings, extraordinary general meetings, meetings of directors, creditors, debenture holders, and contributories. It provides details on the procedures that must be followed for calling, convening and conducting valid company meetings according to the Companies Act of 1956. This includes requirements regarding notice periods, quorum, agenda, voting, minutes, reports and more. Company meetings are an important part of corporate governance and management.
The document summarizes the role and responsibilities of the Finance Commission of India. It discusses how the commission is constituted, the qualifications for members, their duties which include distributing taxes between central and state governments and determining grants. It provides details on the latest 13th Finance Commission which aims to reduce the fiscal deficit and government debt.
Liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation.Sweetp999
The document discusses India's New Industrial Policy of 1991 which introduced the principles of liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG). It aimed to address issues like the government's excessive spending, inefficiencies, and losses in public sector enterprises. Liberalization relaxed restrictions on trade, investment, industry and privatization transferred public sector enterprises to private ownership. Globalization opened the Indian economy to increased foreign investment and trade. The policy changes aimed to make the Indian economy more competitive and integrate it with the global economy.
Budget - Meaning, Definition and ObjectivesRajaKrishnan M
A budget is a financial plan for a defined period that estimates future business conditions like sales. It is prepared and approved prior to the period to attain objectives. Budgets define objectives, policies and coordinate activities. They secure proper coordination between departments. Budgeting involves heavy costs so it may not be suitable for small businesses initially due to lack of experience. The main steps in budgetary control are establishing budgets for each organization section, recording actual performance, and continuously comparing actuals to budgets.
This document discusses managerial remuneration under the Companies Act of 1956 in India. It defines key terms like manager and director. It outlines that the maximum remuneration paid to a manager cannot exceed 11% of a company's profits and discusses how remuneration is calculated, including salaries, allowances, commissions, and other benefits. The total remuneration to a manager cannot exceed 5% of net profits. Remuneration to directors also requires prior government approval and a special resolution.
The document discusses the economic implications of elasticity of substitution. It is introduced as a measure of how easily one input can be substituted for another when their prices change. Elasticity of substitution has various applications, including interpreting the substitutability of inputs, production theory involving profit maximization and cost minimization, and specifying common production functions like Cobb-Douglas, constant elasticity of substitution, and translog that determine the elasticity between input pairs. The document provides mathematical expressions and diagrams to explain these concepts.
Public finance studies income and expenditure activities of the state or government, while private finance studies those of individuals and private entities. Both have the objectives of satisfying wants, though public finance aims for collective wants satisfaction. They both require balancing receipts and expenditures, and borrowing when expenditures exceed income. However, they differ in how expenditure is determined, the compulsory nature of public expenditure, and ability to apply the principle of equi-marginal utility.
This document discusses different types and classifications of money including commodity money, metallic money, paper money, bank credit, electronic money, hard money, soft money, and no money. It also discusses the differences between currency and money, as well as functions of money such as a medium of exchange, store of value, unit of account, and more. Key points covered include that the Indian rupee is considered convertible paper money, backed approximately 6% by gold reserves and 94% by foreign securities. The document provides sources and a bibliography.
This document discusses different types of company meetings required by law, including statutory meetings, annual general meetings, extraordinary general meetings, meetings of directors, creditors, debenture holders, and contributories. It provides details on the procedures that must be followed for calling, convening and conducting valid company meetings according to the Companies Act of 1956. This includes requirements regarding notice periods, quorum, agenda, voting, minutes, reports and more. Company meetings are an important part of corporate governance and management.
The document summarizes the role and responsibilities of the Finance Commission of India. It discusses how the commission is constituted, the qualifications for members, their duties which include distributing taxes between central and state governments and determining grants. It provides details on the latest 13th Finance Commission which aims to reduce the fiscal deficit and government debt.
Role of public sector in the development process of indian economySajid S
The document discusses public sector undertakings (PSUs) in India. It notes that PSUs have laid the foundation for rapid industrialization in India and contributed to making India a leader in major industries and technologies. It outlines that PSUs operate in various key sectors like coal, oil, steel, banking, telecom, and more. PSUs play an important role through capital formation, developing infrastructure, export earnings, import substitution, contributing to national income and employment generation, and promoting balanced regional development. Overall, PSUs account for over 22% of India's GDP and make significant economic and social contributions to the country.
Business economics deals with the application of economic theories and principles to solve business problems and aid management decision making. It involves using economic methodology to analyze issues like demand forecasting, cost analysis, profit analysis, and capital management at the level of individual firms. The study of business economics has both theoretical and practical significance. It helps understand economic behavior, assess economic performance, aid in economic planning and policymaking, and solve problems faced by various groups like businessmen, bankers, and policymakers. Overall, business economics integrates economic theory with business practice to facilitate optimal business decision making and planning.
The document discusses budgeting and budgetary control. It defines a budget as a financial plan for a defined period. Budgets estimate profit potential, are stated in monetary terms, generally cover one year, and require management approval. The key aspects of budgets are setting objectives, understanding cost behavior, coordination, communication, flexibility, and accounting data support. Budgets are used for planning, coordination, responsibility assignment, performance evaluation, and adapting to changing conditions. Budgetary control involves establishing budgets, tracking actual performance, analyzing variances, and taking corrective actions.
This document discusses the theory of comparative advantage. It provides background on the theory, which was first described by Robert Torrens in 1815 and later formalized by David Ricardo. Ricardo used a numerical example to show that even if one country has an absolute advantage in all goods, both countries can still benefit from trade based on their comparative advantages. The document also outlines Ricardo's assumptions, provides his numerical example comparing Kenya and Ethiopia, and discusses limitations of the theory.
This document discusses various aspects of labour cost, including direct labour, indirect labour, labour turnover, and idle time. Direct labour refers to workers who directly produce goods, while indirect labour provides supporting functions. Labour turnover measures the rate at which workers leave and are replaced. Idle time represents time workers are paid for but do not spend on production, which can be normal or abnormal depending on its controllability. The document also covers topics like casual workers, out-workers, and overtime pay.
This document summarizes eight major theories of wages:
1) Subsistence theory argues wages are determined by the cost of basic needs.
2) Standard of living theory states wages are determined by workers' standard of living.
3) Wage fund theory claims wages are paid from a predetermined fund created by savings.
4) Residual claimant theory views wages as the remainder after other costs are paid.
5) Marginal productivity theory contends wages equal workers' marginal productivity.
6) Bargaining theory argues unions and employers determine wages through negotiations.
7) Behavioral theories examine social and psychological factors influencing wages.
8) Modern theory treats wages as the price of labor set by demand and supply
The Code of Corporate Governance establishes rules for listed companies in Pakistan regarding their board of directors, financial reporting, auditing, and corporate ownership structure. It requires boards to include independent directors, sets qualifications for directors and financial officers, and mandates quarterly financial reporting, audit committees, and limits on auditor share ownership. The code aims to improve transparency, accountability, and protections for investors in Pakistani public companies.
This document provides an introduction to financial management. It defines financial management as the activity of acquiring funds at minimum cost and utilizing them optimally to generate returns. It discusses the meaning, functions, nature, scope and objectives of financial management. The key objectives of financial management discussed are profit maximization and wealth maximization. The document also outlines arguments for and against each objective.
The document outlines the key duties and responsibilities of a Company Secretary. It defines a Company Secretary as an individual who conducts correspondence, keeps records, and performs various administrative tasks for a corporation. The duties of a Secretary can be classified as general duties and statutory duties. General duties include assisting with company promotion/incorporation, overseeing shareholder matters, acting as a liaison to the public and directors, and managing the company office. Statutory duties are those required by law, such as maintaining books/registers, filing returns, overseeing the company seal, and ensuring compliance with tax laws. Overall, the Secretary plays an important coordinating role and provides guidance to help the company achieve its objectives.
The document discusses the calculation of managerial remuneration under the Companies Act 1956. It states that total remuneration to directors, managers, and managing directors cannot exceed 11% of net profits as defined in the Act. Net profits are calculated by taking the gross profit and subtracting/adding certain items as specified. The document also provides details on calculating remuneration in cases of adequate and inadequate profits.
Private,public and global enterprises.pptx 2Byju Antony
A business undertaking is an institutional arrangement to conduct business activities. It can be run by one person or a group of persons. Business undertakings have characteristics like separate ownership, management, risk bearing, profit motive, and continuity. There are different types of business undertakings based on size, nature of activities, and ownership, including small/medium/large enterprises, industrial/trading/services enterprises, and those in the private/public/joint sectors. Public sector enterprises are owned, managed, and controlled by governments and have characteristics like state ownership, control, financing, socio-economic objectives, and public accountability. Common forms of public enterprises include departmental undertakings, public corporations, and government companies.
1. The document discusses absolute advantage and comparative advantage in production. Absolute advantage refers to being able to produce more of a good using the same inputs or produce a good using fewer inputs. Comparative advantage refers to being able to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost.
2. It provides examples of countries that have an absolute advantage in certain goods and comparative advantages in others. If countries specialize according to their comparative advantages and trade, both countries can benefit through gains from trade.
Public sector undertakings (PSUs) in India are owned, managed, and controlled by the government. They have evolved significantly since India's first five-year plan in 1951, with the number of PSUs growing from 5 to over 200 currently. PSUs can be statutory corporations created by acts of parliament, departmental enterprises, or government companies. In 2006-07, PSUs contributed around 11% of India's total GDP and employed over 25% of industrial workers. The top five PSUs by net income in 2006-07 were ONGC, NTPC, SAIL, IOC, and SBI. PSUs help develop infrastructure, promote self-sufficiency, employment, and
Positive economics is focused on analyzing cause and effect relationships to describe and explain economic phenomena, such as predicting that if the price of fish increases, demand will decrease. Normative economics examines the economy from an ethical perspective on what it should or ought to be, making value judgments about whether economic events are good or bad. An example of a normative statement is that those earning higher incomes should pay more in taxes than those with lower incomes. Normative economics involves subjective assessments rather than objective analysis.
Economics studies how societies deal with scarcity and make choices about resources. It examines both incomes/prices and also how to decide when markets are appropriate versus other solutions. While economics began focusing on wealth, it now considers human welfare and studies choices between unlimited wants and limited/scarce means. Definitions have evolved from wealth to also incorporate welfare, choice, and growth. Economics employs both scientific and practical approaches, using measurement but also offering policy solutions. It aims to positively explain economic systems while not passing judgement on ends.
The document summarizes provisions related to meetings under the Companies Act, including:
- Types of meetings like statutory meetings, annual general meetings, extraordinary general meetings, and meetings of creditors/debenture holders.
- Requirements for statutory meetings like approving a statutory report within 3-6 months of commencement of business.
- Requirements for annual general meetings like holding the first AGM within 18 months of incorporation and subsequent AGMs within 4 months of financial year end.
- Provisions for extraordinary general meetings, including who can call them and notice requirements.
- Other meeting provisions around quorum, voting, proxies, and maintenance of minutes.
The document discusses different types of business cycles including minor cycles that occur every 40 months, major cycles that occur every 9-10 years between crises, and very long cycles that span over 50 years. It also mentions Kuznets cycles that generally occur every 7-11 years and building cycles that range from 15-20 years. The causes of business cycles discussed include monetary effects from expansion and contraction of bank credit, purchasing power issues from oversaving and underconsumption, overinvestment, human psychology, and cyclical weather changes affecting agriculture.
Mint Parity Theory - History, Definition, Advantages and DisadvantagesSundar B N
The mint parity theory explains how exchange rates between countries on the gold standard were determined. Under this system, currencies were defined by and convertible to a fixed quantity of gold. The exchange rate between two currencies adhering to the gold standard was based on the parity of the mint price of gold in the two countries. This ensured stability in exchange rates as long as countries maintained their commitment to gold convertibility at a fixed price. However, the gold standard broke down in the early 20th century, rendering the mint parity theory obsolete.
The document outlines the writing process and provides details about planning, writing, and completing written communications. It also defines key terms like agenda, notice, and minutes. An agenda is an official list of topics for a meeting. A notice informs members about an upcoming meeting's time, date, place, and agenda. Minutes are the official record of a meeting and include decisions made and actions assigned. They must be approved by members. The document provides examples of a notice with agenda and specimen minutes. Maintaining proper agendas, notices and minutes is important for company meetings and record keeping.
The document discusses notices, agendas, and minutes for meetings. It defines a notice as a communication that informs people about an upcoming meeting's time, date, place, and business. An agenda outlines items to be discussed, while minutes provide a written record of resolutions and decisions made. The document provides examples of notices with and without agendas. It also compares agendas and minutes, noting key differences like how agendas are prepared in advance and minutes are written records approved later.
Role of public sector in the development process of indian economySajid S
The document discusses public sector undertakings (PSUs) in India. It notes that PSUs have laid the foundation for rapid industrialization in India and contributed to making India a leader in major industries and technologies. It outlines that PSUs operate in various key sectors like coal, oil, steel, banking, telecom, and more. PSUs play an important role through capital formation, developing infrastructure, export earnings, import substitution, contributing to national income and employment generation, and promoting balanced regional development. Overall, PSUs account for over 22% of India's GDP and make significant economic and social contributions to the country.
Business economics deals with the application of economic theories and principles to solve business problems and aid management decision making. It involves using economic methodology to analyze issues like demand forecasting, cost analysis, profit analysis, and capital management at the level of individual firms. The study of business economics has both theoretical and practical significance. It helps understand economic behavior, assess economic performance, aid in economic planning and policymaking, and solve problems faced by various groups like businessmen, bankers, and policymakers. Overall, business economics integrates economic theory with business practice to facilitate optimal business decision making and planning.
The document discusses budgeting and budgetary control. It defines a budget as a financial plan for a defined period. Budgets estimate profit potential, are stated in monetary terms, generally cover one year, and require management approval. The key aspects of budgets are setting objectives, understanding cost behavior, coordination, communication, flexibility, and accounting data support. Budgets are used for planning, coordination, responsibility assignment, performance evaluation, and adapting to changing conditions. Budgetary control involves establishing budgets, tracking actual performance, analyzing variances, and taking corrective actions.
This document discusses the theory of comparative advantage. It provides background on the theory, which was first described by Robert Torrens in 1815 and later formalized by David Ricardo. Ricardo used a numerical example to show that even if one country has an absolute advantage in all goods, both countries can still benefit from trade based on their comparative advantages. The document also outlines Ricardo's assumptions, provides his numerical example comparing Kenya and Ethiopia, and discusses limitations of the theory.
This document discusses various aspects of labour cost, including direct labour, indirect labour, labour turnover, and idle time. Direct labour refers to workers who directly produce goods, while indirect labour provides supporting functions. Labour turnover measures the rate at which workers leave and are replaced. Idle time represents time workers are paid for but do not spend on production, which can be normal or abnormal depending on its controllability. The document also covers topics like casual workers, out-workers, and overtime pay.
This document summarizes eight major theories of wages:
1) Subsistence theory argues wages are determined by the cost of basic needs.
2) Standard of living theory states wages are determined by workers' standard of living.
3) Wage fund theory claims wages are paid from a predetermined fund created by savings.
4) Residual claimant theory views wages as the remainder after other costs are paid.
5) Marginal productivity theory contends wages equal workers' marginal productivity.
6) Bargaining theory argues unions and employers determine wages through negotiations.
7) Behavioral theories examine social and psychological factors influencing wages.
8) Modern theory treats wages as the price of labor set by demand and supply
The Code of Corporate Governance establishes rules for listed companies in Pakistan regarding their board of directors, financial reporting, auditing, and corporate ownership structure. It requires boards to include independent directors, sets qualifications for directors and financial officers, and mandates quarterly financial reporting, audit committees, and limits on auditor share ownership. The code aims to improve transparency, accountability, and protections for investors in Pakistani public companies.
This document provides an introduction to financial management. It defines financial management as the activity of acquiring funds at minimum cost and utilizing them optimally to generate returns. It discusses the meaning, functions, nature, scope and objectives of financial management. The key objectives of financial management discussed are profit maximization and wealth maximization. The document also outlines arguments for and against each objective.
The document outlines the key duties and responsibilities of a Company Secretary. It defines a Company Secretary as an individual who conducts correspondence, keeps records, and performs various administrative tasks for a corporation. The duties of a Secretary can be classified as general duties and statutory duties. General duties include assisting with company promotion/incorporation, overseeing shareholder matters, acting as a liaison to the public and directors, and managing the company office. Statutory duties are those required by law, such as maintaining books/registers, filing returns, overseeing the company seal, and ensuring compliance with tax laws. Overall, the Secretary plays an important coordinating role and provides guidance to help the company achieve its objectives.
The document discusses the calculation of managerial remuneration under the Companies Act 1956. It states that total remuneration to directors, managers, and managing directors cannot exceed 11% of net profits as defined in the Act. Net profits are calculated by taking the gross profit and subtracting/adding certain items as specified. The document also provides details on calculating remuneration in cases of adequate and inadequate profits.
Private,public and global enterprises.pptx 2Byju Antony
A business undertaking is an institutional arrangement to conduct business activities. It can be run by one person or a group of persons. Business undertakings have characteristics like separate ownership, management, risk bearing, profit motive, and continuity. There are different types of business undertakings based on size, nature of activities, and ownership, including small/medium/large enterprises, industrial/trading/services enterprises, and those in the private/public/joint sectors. Public sector enterprises are owned, managed, and controlled by governments and have characteristics like state ownership, control, financing, socio-economic objectives, and public accountability. Common forms of public enterprises include departmental undertakings, public corporations, and government companies.
1. The document discusses absolute advantage and comparative advantage in production. Absolute advantage refers to being able to produce more of a good using the same inputs or produce a good using fewer inputs. Comparative advantage refers to being able to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost.
2. It provides examples of countries that have an absolute advantage in certain goods and comparative advantages in others. If countries specialize according to their comparative advantages and trade, both countries can benefit through gains from trade.
Public sector undertakings (PSUs) in India are owned, managed, and controlled by the government. They have evolved significantly since India's first five-year plan in 1951, with the number of PSUs growing from 5 to over 200 currently. PSUs can be statutory corporations created by acts of parliament, departmental enterprises, or government companies. In 2006-07, PSUs contributed around 11% of India's total GDP and employed over 25% of industrial workers. The top five PSUs by net income in 2006-07 were ONGC, NTPC, SAIL, IOC, and SBI. PSUs help develop infrastructure, promote self-sufficiency, employment, and
Positive economics is focused on analyzing cause and effect relationships to describe and explain economic phenomena, such as predicting that if the price of fish increases, demand will decrease. Normative economics examines the economy from an ethical perspective on what it should or ought to be, making value judgments about whether economic events are good or bad. An example of a normative statement is that those earning higher incomes should pay more in taxes than those with lower incomes. Normative economics involves subjective assessments rather than objective analysis.
Economics studies how societies deal with scarcity and make choices about resources. It examines both incomes/prices and also how to decide when markets are appropriate versus other solutions. While economics began focusing on wealth, it now considers human welfare and studies choices between unlimited wants and limited/scarce means. Definitions have evolved from wealth to also incorporate welfare, choice, and growth. Economics employs both scientific and practical approaches, using measurement but also offering policy solutions. It aims to positively explain economic systems while not passing judgement on ends.
The document summarizes provisions related to meetings under the Companies Act, including:
- Types of meetings like statutory meetings, annual general meetings, extraordinary general meetings, and meetings of creditors/debenture holders.
- Requirements for statutory meetings like approving a statutory report within 3-6 months of commencement of business.
- Requirements for annual general meetings like holding the first AGM within 18 months of incorporation and subsequent AGMs within 4 months of financial year end.
- Provisions for extraordinary general meetings, including who can call them and notice requirements.
- Other meeting provisions around quorum, voting, proxies, and maintenance of minutes.
The document discusses different types of business cycles including minor cycles that occur every 40 months, major cycles that occur every 9-10 years between crises, and very long cycles that span over 50 years. It also mentions Kuznets cycles that generally occur every 7-11 years and building cycles that range from 15-20 years. The causes of business cycles discussed include monetary effects from expansion and contraction of bank credit, purchasing power issues from oversaving and underconsumption, overinvestment, human psychology, and cyclical weather changes affecting agriculture.
Mint Parity Theory - History, Definition, Advantages and DisadvantagesSundar B N
The mint parity theory explains how exchange rates between countries on the gold standard were determined. Under this system, currencies were defined by and convertible to a fixed quantity of gold. The exchange rate between two currencies adhering to the gold standard was based on the parity of the mint price of gold in the two countries. This ensured stability in exchange rates as long as countries maintained their commitment to gold convertibility at a fixed price. However, the gold standard broke down in the early 20th century, rendering the mint parity theory obsolete.
The document outlines the writing process and provides details about planning, writing, and completing written communications. It also defines key terms like agenda, notice, and minutes. An agenda is an official list of topics for a meeting. A notice informs members about an upcoming meeting's time, date, place, and agenda. Minutes are the official record of a meeting and include decisions made and actions assigned. They must be approved by members. The document provides examples of a notice with agenda and specimen minutes. Maintaining proper agendas, notices and minutes is important for company meetings and record keeping.
The document discusses notices, agendas, and minutes for meetings. It defines a notice as a communication that informs people about an upcoming meeting's time, date, place, and business. An agenda outlines items to be discussed, while minutes provide a written record of resolutions and decisions made. The document provides examples of notices with and without agendas. It also compares agendas and minutes, noting key differences like how agendas are prepared in advance and minutes are written records approved later.
The document provides information about notices, agendas, and minutes for business meetings. It defines a notice as a communication that informs members about an upcoming meeting's time, date, place, and business. An agenda outlines the contents to be discussed, while minutes are a written record of resolutions and decisions made. The differences between agendas and minutes are also outlined, such as agendas being prepared in advance and minutes being a record approved by members. Sample documents, like a notice with agenda and specimen minutes, are included to demonstrate proper formats.
Anteprima Corso di Formazione Online di Business English, promosso da Accademia Formalia - Ente Leader nella progettazione ed erogazione Corsi di Formazione Professionali Online - www.formalia.it
An agenda provides an orderly list of items to be discussed at a formal meeting, with the secretary typically responsible for preparing the agenda in consultation with the chairperson. It should include items like welcoming attendees, reviewing prior meeting minutes, discussing old and new business, and closing the meeting. A proper agenda structure helps ensure meetings are conducted efficiently and systematically with clear objectives, order of discussion, and expected outcomes.
The document discusses various topics related to company meetings and procedures under Malaysian law:
1. It explains the types of limited and unlimited companies based on member liability.
2. It outlines the procedures for company meetings, including maintaining meeting minutes, notice requirements, and revoking proxies.
3. It addresses a scenario where the validity of a meeting is questioned due to issues with proper convening, quorum, and the chairman's actions, and analyzes whether the meeting's resolutions would be valid.
The document discusses planning meetings, setting agendas, participating in meetings, resolving conflicts, writing meeting minutes, and improving listening effectiveness. It provides steps for planning meetings including determining the purpose, selecting participants, setting the agenda, picking a time and location, and preparing notices. It describes the roles of the chairperson, secretary, and participants during meetings. It outlines elements to include when writing meeting minutes such as the heading, attendees, previous minutes, discussions, and next meeting details. Finally, it offers strategies for effective listening such as preparing, taking notes on key points, and reviewing notes after.
The document discusses the types and purposes of business meetings, formal meeting procedures, and key terminology. It provides examples of different types of meetings including briefings, investigative, advisory, consultative, and executive meetings. Formal meetings have established rules, procedures, written records, and specified membership. Key terms discussed include agenda, quorum, motions, points of order, and minutes. An example agenda template is also provided, as well as best practices for chairing meetings such as planning, facilitating discussion, summarizing decisions, and following up on action items.
This document outlines the steps for preparing minutes for meetings of a corporation's board of directors or other governing bodies. It recommends drafting an outline in advance, taking objective notes during the meeting, and preparing a complete first draft immediately after to capture all details while still fresh. It also stresses collecting and destroying all other notes and drafts after finalizing the minutes to leave only one approved record. The final signed minutes should then be properly filed and stored according to the company's document retention policy.
Business meetings serve several important purposes. They facilitate the exchange of information, foster team spirit, help elaborate ideas, and clarify concepts. There are various types of formal meetings, each with different participants and purposes, such as business meetings with clients, staff meetings, management meetings, and board meetings. When convening a meeting, it is important to follow best practices like having a clear agenda, objectives, and action items. The role of the chairperson is significant in leading the discussion and keeping the meeting on track. Meeting minutes provide an official record of what was discussed.
The document provides information about a professional business communication course, including its objectives, outcomes, and assessment. It discusses key components of meetings like notices, agendas, and minutes. Notices inform members of meeting details, while agendas list items for discussion and minutes record decisions made. The differences between agendas and minutes are also explained. Students will learn how to draft these documents and apply communication skills in professional settings.
Meeting Minutes and Agenda.pptx ۔۔12#$&)$khadimwazir72
This document discusses meetings, agendas, and minutes. It explains that meetings allow for communication and discussion to take place. Agendas structure meetings by listing items for discussion, while minutes provide an official record of decisions made. Guidelines are provided for writing concise yet clear minutes and creating effective agendas to plan meetings.
The document discusses the purpose and format of meeting minutes. Minutes are the official record of discussions and decisions made at a meeting. They usually include the date, time, location and attendees of the meeting. The minutes from the previous meeting are read or approved. The main discussion points, tasks assigned, and conclusions reached are summarized without verbatim transcription. Standard elements of minutes include the meeting title, attendees, approval of past minutes, summary of discussions and decisions made, and details for the next meeting. Minutes should be concise while accurately capturing the key discussion points and outcomes.
This document discusses meeting management. It defines a meeting as a formal discussion between two or more parties to achieve objectives through communication. Meetings are an effective way to resolve tasks, disseminate information, make decisions, and plan strategies. Proper meeting management includes planning agendas, schedules, and ensuring meetings are run smoothly and effectively. The document outlines the purpose of meetings, types of meetings like general, committee, and emergency meetings, and steps for pre-meeting, during meeting, and post-meeting actions like preparing minutes and reports.
Meetings Do Matter!
Meetings are a place not only to get information, but also where people make judgments about each other. Meetings are your stage to present yourself in a positive light. Don't miss out on that opportunity. It could make or break your career!
In the rest of this lesson you'll get tips for getting more from meetings, as well as making a good impression while you're there.
An agenda outlines the order of discussion topics and activities at a meeting. It should include the meeting location, start and end times, and a list of descriptive headings for each discussion item. The agenda is typically prepared in advance by those organizing the meeting. It helps ensure the meeting stays on track and that all relevant topics are addressed.
Synopsis on Secretarial Standard on Meetings of Board of DirectorsCS Mohd Saqib
This document summarizes the key provisions of the Secretarial Standard on Meetings of the Board of Directors. It outlines 26 provisions related to convening meetings, notice and agenda, frequency of meetings, quorum, attendance, minutes, and other administrative requirements. The standard is intended to promote good corporate practices for the effective functioning of company boards.
The document outlines an agenda for a meeting presented by Bhalodiya khushbu to Veena ma’am.
The agenda includes:
1) A definition of agenda as a document outlining the contents of an upcoming meeting where minutes and decisions will be taken.
2) Details about the importance of an agenda in informing attendees, allowing free discussion, easy decision making, and exchange of opinions to facilitate minute preparation.
3) An example design meeting agenda listing the purpose, date, place, time, attendees, topics, and presenters.
This document provides guidance on effective meeting skills, including how to plan, run, and take minutes at meetings. It discusses the purpose of meetings and different meeting types. Key aspects covered include preparing a meeting agenda, running a meeting according to the agenda, taking decisions by consensus or voting, and the roles and responsibilities of the chairperson. The document emphasizes ensuring meetings have clear objectives and procedures to facilitate productive discussion and decision-making.
Similar a Notice, Agenda & Minutes - The Fundamentals (20)
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
2. The statement that contains the particulars of
holding a meeting is known as notice.
A notice is a formal means of communication.
It is one kind of request to the members for
attending the meeting.
The date, time, place and agenda are informed
through the notice.
2
Notice
3. Whenever an organisation convenes a meeting
such as Governing Body, Executive Committee,
Finance Committee or any other official
meeting, notice should be issued or circulated
well in advance to the members concerned to
come prepared for the meeting.
3
Notice
4. Use the organization letter head
Clearly state the date, time and venue of the
meeting
Specify the reason ( agenda) for the meeting
Mention the name and designation of the issuing
authority
Mention the authorities to whom the copies are
sent as Cc at the right/left bottom of the page
4
Drafting a Notice
5. Notice
Notice is hereby given that the second meeting of the Board of
Directors will be held at the registered office of the company at 3.30
p.m. on Friday April 13, 2018.
…………………
A.F.M. Hasan
Secretary
Cc:
The Chairman
Members of Board of Directors
A notice (without agenda)
Confidence Cement Limited
32, Motijheel C/A
Dhaka-1000
April 6, 2018
6. Notice
Date: 20.08.2009
The students of BA (Hons.) in English, B.Sc.(Hons.) in Economics, B.Sc.
in CSIT and other undergraduate programs are requested to take
clearance from the Account Section for payment of their tuition and
other fees up toSummer,2009 on any working day from 26.08.2017 to
07.09.2017 and deposit the fees into the Bank just after getting clearance.
Otherwise, they will not be issued Admit Cards for the Semester
Final Examination,2017.
………………………..
Prof. Azmot Hosain
Controller of the Examination
Copies Distribution
Deputy Director of Accounts
Asst. Registrar (P.O. to VC)
All Faculties in Charge
All classes of the undergraduate programs
Office copy
7. Agenda comes from the Latin word agendum
(singular) which means ‘a thing to be done.’
Agenda is a document that outlines the contents of a
forthcoming meeting.
It is usually sent along with the notice of the
meeting.
Basically agenda is a statement of business or
assignment to be discussed in the meeting on which
minutes and decisions are taken thereafter.
7
Agenda
8. Agenda should be specific and clear to all authorized
person.
It is the route map of the meeting.
The agenda may be a part of the notice or may be
attached as an annexure.
The convenor/secretary prepares it in consultation
with the chairperson and gets his approval.
The items of agenda should cover all that is
necessary to be considered at that time.
8
Agenda (Cont.)
9. The items may be set up from:
(a) Previous minutes
(b) Suggestions received
(c) Actions and events since last meeting
(d) Correspondence of the organisation
The agenda contains routine items as well as special
ones.
10. Numbering in Agenda
Two types
a. 1,
2,
3 …
b. 2.1,
2.2,
2.3 …
Type a – Serial Numbering
Type b – Begins with the serial number of the meeting
as the first digit and the number following the decimal
to indicate the meeting number
11. The First Point is always ‘Review of the previous
meeting’ if any
What has been discussed in the previous meeting
and the status of the completed and pending work
The other Points pertain to the discussion of various
issues, in the order of priority
The last point is ‘Any other matter’
Any other issue which has arisen after the
notification or which any member brings up during
the meeting
11
Agenda -- Format
12. Notice
Notice is hereby given that the second meeting of the Board of
Directors will be held at the registered office of the company at 3.30
p.m. on Friday April 13, 2018.
The agenda is attached.
Agenda:
2.1 Review of the previous meeting †
2.2 Proposal to start a new unit
†
2.3 Salary revision †
2.4 Conduct of the General Body Meeting †
2.5 Any other matter
…………………
A.F.M. Hasan
Secretary
Notice with Agenda
Confidence Cement Limited
32, Motijheel C/A
Dhaka-1000
April 6, 2018
13. Agenda for the Second meeting of the Board of Directors to be
held at 3.30 p.m. on Friday April 13, 2018 at 32, Motijheel
C/A, Dhaka
2.1 Review of the previous meeting †
2.2 Proposal to start a new unit
†
2.3 Salary revision †
2.4 Conduct of the General Body Meeting †
2.5 Any other matter
…………………
A.F.M. Hasan
Secretary
Confidence Cement Limited
Dhaka-1000
April 6, 2018
14. Minutes is a note of summary covering points to be
remembered.
• a chronological written statement of resolutions
taken in meeting
• the elaborate discussion of the agenda
• a list of motions and resolutions adopted after
detailed discussion of persons attended in the
meeting, preserved it for decision making and
policy implementation.
14
Minutes of the Meeting
15. It is to be mentioned that the minutes requires to
be approved by the participating members of the
meeting.
The minutes must be concluded by the
signatures of the Chairman, secretary, and other
authorized person of the meeting.
Even if there are emotional moments in a meet,
the minutes are written in an unemotional
manner, are cool, factual, impersonal, and
impartial.
15
Minutes of the Meeting
16. Checklist
Letterhead
Date to the right margin
Introductory sentence – Nature of meeting, date,
venue and time
List of members who attended the meeting
Content in past tense, reported speech
Concluding sentence – Note of Thanks and concluding
time
Signature and designation of the convener
16
Format
17. Report of the meeting conducted
Elaborates on the discussions held and the
decisions taken on the points in Agenda
Lists the names of persons who are assigned with
specific responsibilities
17
Format
18. MINUTES OF THE MEETING
Confidence Cement Limited
32, Motijheel C/A
Dhaka-1000
Minutes of the Board of Directors’ Meeting held on 12 July 2017 at 5.00
p.m. in the company’s conference hall.
The meeting chaired by Mr. G. Bhasha Managing Director Narmadha
Rubber Industries commenced at 5.00 p.m.
The following members were present.
Mr.G.Bhasha Managing Director
Mr. K.Guptha Director, Planning and Development
Mr.N. Naresh Director Finance
Mr. G.Gogul Krishnan Director Marketing and sales
Mr.R. Rajevan Director Purchase
Mrs.s.Helen Director Human Resource
Mrs Pamella Manager Office
19. Agenda 2.1 Review of the Minutes of the previous
meeting
†
The Managing Director discussed in detail about
the content of the previous meeting held on 12
march 2017 and all members showed their
satisfaction and appreciated the efforts taken by the
concerned people who have completed all the
assigned works.
20. Agenda 2.2 Setting up a new Unit
All the members agreed to the proposal submitted
by the Director to setting up a new unit in Kerala
considering the congenial atmosphere, and the
particular work was assigned to the Director,
Planning and Development and he was requested to
submit the project proposal before August 2009.
21. Agenda 2.3 Salary Revision
The Human Resource Director submitted the
proposal for enhancing the salary of all employees
from August 09 by 25% of the previous salary. All
members welcomed the suggestion quoting the
profit of the company.
22. 2.4 Conduct of a General Body Meeting
The office manager informed the members that
the last General Body Meeting was conducted five
years back in September 2004, hence it would be
appropriate to conduct the next meeting by
October 2009. All the members agreed and
instructions were given to the manager to send
the invitation to all members.
23. 2.5. Any other matter
The Managing Director informed all the members
about the market conditions and asked them to
be careful in their business dealings.
The Director, Purchase emphasized that the
procurement of raw materials is becoming more
and more difficult. The members advised that the
company should also look for new suppliers from
other countries. With this the Director thanked all
members and the meeting came to an end at 7.00
p.m.
Director
24. 1. Definition:
– Agenda: is an official list of things to be done or
dealt with at particular meetings.
– Minutes: The official records of discussions held
and decisions taken at a meeting are called
minutes.
2. Preparation:
– Agenda: drawn up by the secretary in
consultation with the Chairman.
– Minutes: are generally written by the secretary
of the organizational unit.
24
Difference between Agenda and Minutes
25. 3. Purpose:
– Agenda: Gives the members an idea about the
topics to be discussed.
– Minutes: Preservation of the resolution of the
meeting for future reference.
4. Authority:
– Agenda: Top level management gets and things
over the agenda.
– Minutes: All members at the meeting discuss
and take decisions
25
Difference between Agenda and Minutes
26. 5. Read out
– Agenda: At the beginning of the meeting it is read
out.
– Minutes: At the next meeting it is read out.
6. Approval
– Agenda: It need not requires to be approved earlier.
– Minutes: It needs to be approved by the members
at the next meetings.
7. Where Written
– Agenda: It is generally written in the notice board.
– Minutes: It is written in the company's minutes
book.
26
Difference between Agenda and Minutes