The perineum is the region between the thighs that contains the external genitalia and anal opening. It is bounded by the pelvic floor muscles superiorly and the thighs laterally. The perineum can be divided into the urogenital triangle anteriorly, containing the genital structures, and the anal triangle posteriorly, containing the anus. Each triangle contains superficial and deep pouches separated by fascial layers. The pouches contain muscles, nerves, and vessels related to the genital and anal structures. The perineal body is an important structure that provides support to the pelvic floor.
HUMAN ANATOMY
regional anatomy
regional anatomy of pelvic
changsha medical university lecture
csmu lecture by an chen
uploaded by Prabesh raj jamkatel
pelvics
The document summarizes the development of the female reproductive system. It begins with the formation of the genital ridge in the intermediate mesoderm at 3 weeks. At 5-6 weeks, primordial germ cells form the indifferent gonad. In the absence of the Y chromosome, the gonad develops into an ovary with cortical cords and primordial follicles. The ovaries descend into the pelvis guided by the gubernaculum. Meanwhile, the paramesonephric ducts form the fallopian tubes, uterus and upper vagina. The vagina develops from the sinovaginal bulbs and vaginal plate. Remnants of the mesonephric ducts include the epoophoron and
This document provides an overview of the histology of the uterus. It describes the three layers of the uterus - the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. For each layer, it details the cell types and tissues present. It then explains the changes that occur in the endometrium across the different phases of the menstrual cycle, including the proliferative, secretory, premenstrual, and menstrual phases. Finally, it briefly discusses ectopic pregnancy as a histopathology of the uterus.
This document provides information on the normal anatomy and histology of ovaries as well as pathological conditions that can affect the ovaries. It begins by describing the normal development and structure of ovaries, including the presence of ova and follicles in the cortex and blood vessels in the medulla. Various pathological entities are then discussed such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, ovarian torsion, and various types of ovarian tumors including serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, Brenner's, granulosa cell, and germ cell tumors. For each condition, the morphology, histology, clinical features, and prognosis are described. Germ cell tumors are noted to arise from abnormal gonadal development.
This document is a lecture presentation on reproductive embryology by Dr. Catherine Keegan from 2009. It covers topics like bladder, ureter and genital development, as well as disorders of sex development. The presentation includes numerous slides with diagrams and explanations of structural formation during gestation. It also presents and discusses three patient cases involving ambiguous genitalia at birth and investigates their potential diagnoses.
This document summarizes the pelvic blood supply and innervation. It describes the branches of the internal iliac arteries which supply structures in the pelvis such as the bladder, uterus, rectum and muscles. It also outlines the sacral plexus and its branches including the pudendal nerve which innervates the genitals. The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are discussed, including the lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves which contribute to the inferior hypogastric plexus.
The perineum is the region between the thighs that contains the external genitalia and anal opening. It is bounded by the pelvic floor muscles superiorly and the thighs laterally. The perineum can be divided into the urogenital triangle anteriorly, containing the genital structures, and the anal triangle posteriorly, containing the anus. Each triangle contains superficial and deep pouches separated by fascial layers. The pouches contain muscles, nerves, and vessels related to the genital and anal structures. The perineal body is an important structure that provides support to the pelvic floor.
HUMAN ANATOMY
regional anatomy
regional anatomy of pelvic
changsha medical university lecture
csmu lecture by an chen
uploaded by Prabesh raj jamkatel
pelvics
The document summarizes the development of the female reproductive system. It begins with the formation of the genital ridge in the intermediate mesoderm at 3 weeks. At 5-6 weeks, primordial germ cells form the indifferent gonad. In the absence of the Y chromosome, the gonad develops into an ovary with cortical cords and primordial follicles. The ovaries descend into the pelvis guided by the gubernaculum. Meanwhile, the paramesonephric ducts form the fallopian tubes, uterus and upper vagina. The vagina develops from the sinovaginal bulbs and vaginal plate. Remnants of the mesonephric ducts include the epoophoron and
This document provides an overview of the histology of the uterus. It describes the three layers of the uterus - the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. For each layer, it details the cell types and tissues present. It then explains the changes that occur in the endometrium across the different phases of the menstrual cycle, including the proliferative, secretory, premenstrual, and menstrual phases. Finally, it briefly discusses ectopic pregnancy as a histopathology of the uterus.
This document provides information on the normal anatomy and histology of ovaries as well as pathological conditions that can affect the ovaries. It begins by describing the normal development and structure of ovaries, including the presence of ova and follicles in the cortex and blood vessels in the medulla. Various pathological entities are then discussed such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, ovarian torsion, and various types of ovarian tumors including serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, Brenner's, granulosa cell, and germ cell tumors. For each condition, the morphology, histology, clinical features, and prognosis are described. Germ cell tumors are noted to arise from abnormal gonadal development.
This document is a lecture presentation on reproductive embryology by Dr. Catherine Keegan from 2009. It covers topics like bladder, ureter and genital development, as well as disorders of sex development. The presentation includes numerous slides with diagrams and explanations of structural formation during gestation. It also presents and discusses three patient cases involving ambiguous genitalia at birth and investigates their potential diagnoses.
This document summarizes the pelvic blood supply and innervation. It describes the branches of the internal iliac arteries which supply structures in the pelvis such as the bladder, uterus, rectum and muscles. It also outlines the sacral plexus and its branches including the pudendal nerve which innervates the genitals. The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are discussed, including the lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves which contribute to the inferior hypogastric plexus.
This document discusses the anatomy of the breast including its structure, blood supply, nerve supply, lymphatic drainage, and development. The breast is composed of skin, connective tissue stroma, and parenchymal tissue. Its blood supply comes through perforating branches of intercostal arteries. Lymphatic drainage is primarily to axillary lymph nodes but also to internal mammary and posterior intercostal lymph nodes. The breast continues developing postnatally during puberty with increases in fat, connective tissue, and lobules.
The pelvic diaphragm is formed by the levator ani and coccygeus muscles on both sides. It separates the pelvis from the perineum. The levator ani has three parts: the pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, and ischiococcygeus. The pubococcygeus has anterior, middle, and posterior fibers that surround structures like the prostate, vagina, and anus. The levator ani and coccygeus close the pelvic outlet and support pelvic organs. They also help maintain continence during actions like coughing and prevent prolapse. The muscles are innervated by sacral nerves and help with functions
ovaries, fallopian tube, component of internal genitalia, location of ovarie, boundaries of ovaries,external features of ovaries,ligaments of ovaries, support of ovaries, broad ligament, mesovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium, round ligament of uterus, blood supply and lymphatics of ovaries, prts of fallopian tube, blood supply of fallopian tube, ectopic pregnancy, polycystic ovaries,
This document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the breast. It begins by describing the embryological development of the breast from the milk line. It then discusses the anatomy of the breast including its position, attachment points, skin, nipple, areola, lobes and lobules. The blood supply and venous drainage are also covered. Finally, the document discusses the physiology of the breast including its main function of milk secretion and excretion, as well as the hormones that regulate breast development and lactation.
The anal canal is approximately 1.5 inches long and located in the pelvis and perineum. It has two halves - the upper two thirds are lined with columnar epithelium while the lower one third is lined with squamous epithelium. It is supplied by branches of the inferior rectal artery and drains into the internal iliac vein. The anal canal contains two sphincter muscles - the internal involuntary smooth muscle sphincter and external voluntary striated muscle sphincter. Anal glands located in the anal canal or intersphincteric space may be a source of anal infections like abscesses or fistulas.
The document summarizes the blood supply of the female pelvis. It describes the branches of the internal iliac artery and vein that supply various pelvic structures like the uterus, vagina, ovaries and rectum. It also discusses variations in pelvic vasculature and anastomoses between vessels that allow for collateral blood flow. Applied clinical points are mentioned, such as the risk of ureter injury during uterine artery ligation and routes for metastatic spread from pelvic cancers.
This document lists various arteries of the pelvis and lower abdomen, including the umbilical artery, superior and inferior vesical arteries, middle rectal artery, obturator artery, uterine artery, and vaginal artery. It also provides a mnemonic to remember the order of the arteries and notes that some arteries have parietal branches while others have visceral branches.
The perineum is the diamond-shaped region between the thighs and below the pelvic diaphragm. It is divided into the urogenital triangle anteriorly and the anal triangle posteriorly. The urogenital triangle contains the superficial and deep perineal spaces, separated by the perineal membrane. The superficial perineal space contains muscles like the bulbospongiosus and blood vessels, while the deep perineal space contains the sphincter urethrae muscle and membranous urethra. Posteriorly, the ischiorectal fossae are located lateral to the anal canal and contain fat, blood vessels and nerves like the pudendal nerve. Diseases
The seminar presentation covered the surgical anatomy and physiology of the breast. It discussed the embryology, anatomy, histology, and physiology of the breast in detail over several slides. The presentation included descriptions of the congenital anomalies of the breast, blood supply, lymphatic and nerve drainage, microscopic anatomy during different stages such as lactation, and the role of hormones like prolactin in breast development and milk production.
Fallopian tube radiology - Dr. Sumit SharmaSumit Sharma
The document discusses the fallopian tubes (also known as uterine tubes), including their anatomy, development, histology, diseases, and radiological evaluation. Some key points:
- The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus and allow the passage of eggs. They have distinct segments including fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus.
- A hysterosalpingogram is commonly used to evaluate the uterus and fallopian tubes for infertility or recurrent miscarriage. It can identify conditions like tubal blockage, polyps, or hydrosalpinx.
- Diseases of the fallopian tubes include congenital abnormalities, infections which
The stomach develops from the foregut as a simple tubular structure that enlarges dorsally through differential growth. It rotates along two axes, determining its final position in the left hypochondrium. The dorsal mesogastrium suspends the stomach and later forms the greater omentum. The duodenum develops from the foregut and midgut, forming a C-shaped loop that rotates to the right as the stomach rotates left. Both become retroperitoneal as their mesenteries fuse with the posterior abdominal wall.
The document provides an overview of the breast anatomy and lymphatic drainage. It discusses:
- The breast's location, extent, and lymphatic system. Lymph flows primarily to axillary nodes but also to internal mammary and intercostal nodes.
- Sentinel lymph nodes are the first nodes draining a cancer, important for sentinel lymph node biopsy.
- The upper outer breast quadrant contains most glandular tissue and most cancers originate here.
- Lymphatic obstruction by cancer can cause lymphedema, peau d'orange skin, and nipple retraction. Mammography is used to detect breast masses.
Please find the power point on Anatomy of Femlae reproductive organs . I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
The ureters are thin-walled muscular tubes that convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. They have three parts: the pelvic, abdominal, and pelvic parts. The ureters begin in the renal pelvis in the kidneys and travel downwards and medially through the abdomen and pelvis before piercing the bladder wall and opening into the bladder trigone. Their course and relations are described.
The female genital tract includes external genitalia like the labia majora and minora, clitoris, and vaginal opening. Internal organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The vagina is a fibromuscular tube that provides a birth canal. The uterus is a hollow muscular organ located in the pelvis. The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus. The ovaries contain follicles that release eggs and produce hormones.
The hepatic portal vein drains blood from the abdominal organs into the liver before exiting into the inferior vena cava. It forms at the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins. In the liver, it divides into right and left branches that further branch into hepatic sinusoids. Portosystemic anastomoses allow blood to bypass the liver in portal hypertension, leading to collateral circulation and varices in locations like the esophagus, anus, and abdomen.
The document summarizes the development of the female genital system from indifferent gonads to internal and external structures. It describes how in the absence of the SRY gene, the gonads develop into ovaries through proliferation of surface epithelium into cortical cords containing primordial follicles. The paramesonephric ducts fuse to form the uterovaginal canal and give rise to the uterus and upper vagina. The lower vagina develops from sinovaginal bulbs. External structures like the labia, clitoris and vestibule form from the genital tubercle and urogenital folds. Anomalies can occur if fusion of ducts is incomplete.
ANATOMY OF UTERUS
ANATOMY OF OVARY
ANATOMY OF FALLOPIAN TUBES
ANATOMY OF UTERUS &ITS APPENDAGES
ANATOMY OF CERVIX
ANATOMY OF UTERUS PPT
BLOOD SUPPLY, NERVE SUPPLY, LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
HISTOLOGY
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the uterus and its appendages. It describes the uterus as a thick-walled, muscular organ located in the pelvis between the bladder and rectum. The uterus has two main parts - the body and the cervix. It is supplied by the uterine arteries and innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus and the ovaries contain follicles that release eggs. The broad ligaments attach the uterus to the pelvic wall and contain the uterine tubes, vessels and ligaments.
This document discusses the anatomy of the breast including its structure, blood supply, nerve supply, lymphatic drainage, and development. The breast is composed of skin, connective tissue stroma, and parenchymal tissue. Its blood supply comes through perforating branches of intercostal arteries. Lymphatic drainage is primarily to axillary lymph nodes but also to internal mammary and posterior intercostal lymph nodes. The breast continues developing postnatally during puberty with increases in fat, connective tissue, and lobules.
The pelvic diaphragm is formed by the levator ani and coccygeus muscles on both sides. It separates the pelvis from the perineum. The levator ani has three parts: the pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, and ischiococcygeus. The pubococcygeus has anterior, middle, and posterior fibers that surround structures like the prostate, vagina, and anus. The levator ani and coccygeus close the pelvic outlet and support pelvic organs. They also help maintain continence during actions like coughing and prevent prolapse. The muscles are innervated by sacral nerves and help with functions
ovaries, fallopian tube, component of internal genitalia, location of ovarie, boundaries of ovaries,external features of ovaries,ligaments of ovaries, support of ovaries, broad ligament, mesovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium, round ligament of uterus, blood supply and lymphatics of ovaries, prts of fallopian tube, blood supply of fallopian tube, ectopic pregnancy, polycystic ovaries,
This document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the breast. It begins by describing the embryological development of the breast from the milk line. It then discusses the anatomy of the breast including its position, attachment points, skin, nipple, areola, lobes and lobules. The blood supply and venous drainage are also covered. Finally, the document discusses the physiology of the breast including its main function of milk secretion and excretion, as well as the hormones that regulate breast development and lactation.
The anal canal is approximately 1.5 inches long and located in the pelvis and perineum. It has two halves - the upper two thirds are lined with columnar epithelium while the lower one third is lined with squamous epithelium. It is supplied by branches of the inferior rectal artery and drains into the internal iliac vein. The anal canal contains two sphincter muscles - the internal involuntary smooth muscle sphincter and external voluntary striated muscle sphincter. Anal glands located in the anal canal or intersphincteric space may be a source of anal infections like abscesses or fistulas.
The document summarizes the blood supply of the female pelvis. It describes the branches of the internal iliac artery and vein that supply various pelvic structures like the uterus, vagina, ovaries and rectum. It also discusses variations in pelvic vasculature and anastomoses between vessels that allow for collateral blood flow. Applied clinical points are mentioned, such as the risk of ureter injury during uterine artery ligation and routes for metastatic spread from pelvic cancers.
This document lists various arteries of the pelvis and lower abdomen, including the umbilical artery, superior and inferior vesical arteries, middle rectal artery, obturator artery, uterine artery, and vaginal artery. It also provides a mnemonic to remember the order of the arteries and notes that some arteries have parietal branches while others have visceral branches.
The perineum is the diamond-shaped region between the thighs and below the pelvic diaphragm. It is divided into the urogenital triangle anteriorly and the anal triangle posteriorly. The urogenital triangle contains the superficial and deep perineal spaces, separated by the perineal membrane. The superficial perineal space contains muscles like the bulbospongiosus and blood vessels, while the deep perineal space contains the sphincter urethrae muscle and membranous urethra. Posteriorly, the ischiorectal fossae are located lateral to the anal canal and contain fat, blood vessels and nerves like the pudendal nerve. Diseases
The seminar presentation covered the surgical anatomy and physiology of the breast. It discussed the embryology, anatomy, histology, and physiology of the breast in detail over several slides. The presentation included descriptions of the congenital anomalies of the breast, blood supply, lymphatic and nerve drainage, microscopic anatomy during different stages such as lactation, and the role of hormones like prolactin in breast development and milk production.
Fallopian tube radiology - Dr. Sumit SharmaSumit Sharma
The document discusses the fallopian tubes (also known as uterine tubes), including their anatomy, development, histology, diseases, and radiological evaluation. Some key points:
- The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus and allow the passage of eggs. They have distinct segments including fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus.
- A hysterosalpingogram is commonly used to evaluate the uterus and fallopian tubes for infertility or recurrent miscarriage. It can identify conditions like tubal blockage, polyps, or hydrosalpinx.
- Diseases of the fallopian tubes include congenital abnormalities, infections which
The stomach develops from the foregut as a simple tubular structure that enlarges dorsally through differential growth. It rotates along two axes, determining its final position in the left hypochondrium. The dorsal mesogastrium suspends the stomach and later forms the greater omentum. The duodenum develops from the foregut and midgut, forming a C-shaped loop that rotates to the right as the stomach rotates left. Both become retroperitoneal as their mesenteries fuse with the posterior abdominal wall.
The document provides an overview of the breast anatomy and lymphatic drainage. It discusses:
- The breast's location, extent, and lymphatic system. Lymph flows primarily to axillary nodes but also to internal mammary and intercostal nodes.
- Sentinel lymph nodes are the first nodes draining a cancer, important for sentinel lymph node biopsy.
- The upper outer breast quadrant contains most glandular tissue and most cancers originate here.
- Lymphatic obstruction by cancer can cause lymphedema, peau d'orange skin, and nipple retraction. Mammography is used to detect breast masses.
Please find the power point on Anatomy of Femlae reproductive organs . I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
The ureters are thin-walled muscular tubes that convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. They have three parts: the pelvic, abdominal, and pelvic parts. The ureters begin in the renal pelvis in the kidneys and travel downwards and medially through the abdomen and pelvis before piercing the bladder wall and opening into the bladder trigone. Their course and relations are described.
The female genital tract includes external genitalia like the labia majora and minora, clitoris, and vaginal opening. Internal organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The vagina is a fibromuscular tube that provides a birth canal. The uterus is a hollow muscular organ located in the pelvis. The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus. The ovaries contain follicles that release eggs and produce hormones.
The hepatic portal vein drains blood from the abdominal organs into the liver before exiting into the inferior vena cava. It forms at the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins. In the liver, it divides into right and left branches that further branch into hepatic sinusoids. Portosystemic anastomoses allow blood to bypass the liver in portal hypertension, leading to collateral circulation and varices in locations like the esophagus, anus, and abdomen.
The document summarizes the development of the female genital system from indifferent gonads to internal and external structures. It describes how in the absence of the SRY gene, the gonads develop into ovaries through proliferation of surface epithelium into cortical cords containing primordial follicles. The paramesonephric ducts fuse to form the uterovaginal canal and give rise to the uterus and upper vagina. The lower vagina develops from sinovaginal bulbs. External structures like the labia, clitoris and vestibule form from the genital tubercle and urogenital folds. Anomalies can occur if fusion of ducts is incomplete.
ANATOMY OF UTERUS
ANATOMY OF OVARY
ANATOMY OF FALLOPIAN TUBES
ANATOMY OF UTERUS &ITS APPENDAGES
ANATOMY OF CERVIX
ANATOMY OF UTERUS PPT
BLOOD SUPPLY, NERVE SUPPLY, LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
HISTOLOGY
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the uterus and its appendages. It describes the uterus as a thick-walled, muscular organ located in the pelvis between the bladder and rectum. The uterus has two main parts - the body and the cervix. It is supplied by the uterine arteries and innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus and the ovaries contain follicles that release eggs. The broad ligaments attach the uterus to the pelvic wall and contain the uterine tubes, vessels and ligaments.
Anatomy of Female Reproductive System.pptxMathew Joseph
The female reproductive organs include several key structures, such as the ovaries, uterus, vagina, and vulva. The functions of these organs are involved in fertility, conception, pregnancy, and childbirth.
USMLE REPRODUCTIVE 04 Female Reproductive System UTERUS VAGINA .pdfAHMED ASHOUR
The surgical importance of the female reproductive system encompasses a wide range of procedures aimed at addressing various conditions related to reproductive health, gynecological disorders, fertility issues, and the management of reproductive cancers. Understanding the surgical importance of the female reproductive system is essential for gynecologists, reproductive endocrinologists, and pelvic surgeons.
USMLE GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY 003 Female Reproductive System anatomy .pdfAHMED ASHOUR
The female reproductive system is a complex and highly coordinated network of organs that work together to produce eggs (ova), facilitate fertilization, nurture a developing fetus during pregnancy, and support the birth of offspring.
The female reproductive system undergoes cyclic changes during the menstrual cycle, involving the release of an egg, preparation of the uterus for potential pregnancy, and menstruation if pregnancy does not occur.
This document provides an overview of the pelvic cavity and its contents in females. It describes the ureters and urinary bladder located in the anterior pelvis, as well as the female genital organs - ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. It discusses the location, structure, blood supply, lymphatic and nerve supply of each organ and their clinical significance. The supports of the uterus, including the levator ani muscles, pelvic fascia, and perineal body are also summarized.
The female reproductive system has internal and external genitalia. The internal genitalia include the ovaries, which produce eggs and hormones, and the uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina, which transport eggs and a fetus. The ovaries and uterus have three layers - outer, middle, and inner - and undergo changes controlled by hormones to release eggs and support pregnancy. The external genitalia include the vulva and sex organs that receive sperm and allow childbirth.
Genitourinary system surgical antomy.pptxPradeep Pande
This document provides tips for using a PowerPoint presentation on anatomy. It recommends:
- Freely editing and modifying the slides
- Showing blank slides first to elicit student responses before presenting content
- Repeating this process of blank slides followed by content slides three times for active learning
- Using the presentation also for self-study
- Checking the notes for bibliographic references
It then provides an outline of slides on the urogenital system and its parts, with detailed slides on anatomy of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and male and female urethra.
The prostate is a conical gland that surrounds the urethra in males. It secretes fluid that is slightly acidic and contains substances like zinc that form part of semen. The prostate is located in the pelvis below the bladder and above the urethral sphincter. It has lobes including a median lobe and two lateral lobes. Structures like the urethra and ejaculatory ducts pass through it. The prostate receives blood supply from inferior vesical and internal pudendal arteries and drains into prostatic veins. It is innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. The size and structure of the prostate changes with age. Diseases of the prostate include prostat
The female genital tract develops from the indifferent stage into ovaries and internal/external genitalia. The internal genitalia include ovaries that produce eggs and hormones, fallopian tubes for fertilization, a uterus for implantation, and vagina for delivery. The external genitalia are clitoris, labia minora and majora, and vestibule. The ovaries, uterus and upper vagina develop from Mullerian ducts while the lower vagina develops from urogenital sinus. The genital tract has clinical implications like cysts, cancer, prolapse, infections and complications of childbirth.
USMLE REPRODUCTIVE 06 Development of female genital system.pdfAHMED ASHOUR
The development of the female genital system is a complex process involving the differentiation of structures that eventually form the reproductive and associated organs.
Understanding the embryonic development of the female genital system is crucial for surgeons, obstetricians, and gynecologists, especially in the context of congenital anomalies or surgical interventions.
The development of the female genital system is determined at fertilization by the presence of two X chromosomes. In female embryos, the primitive sex cords dissociate and are replaced by the ovarian medulla and cortex. The paramesonephric ducts develop into the uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper vagina, while the sinovaginal bulbs form the lower vagina. Defects can occur if the paramesonephric ducts fail to fuse properly, resulting in conditions like a septate, bicornuate, or didelphys uterus. The genital tubercle forms the clitoris and genital swellings become the labia, with the urethral folds
The document provides details about the female genital system, including the internal organs like the uterus, vagina, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It describes the structure of the uterus including its layers, parts, positions, blood supply, and how it enlarges during pregnancy. It also discusses the structure of the vagina, its interior regions, relations to surrounding organs, blood supply, and supports. The summary focuses on the key internal female reproductive organs and some of their key anatomical features.
lecture 5b The breast and pectoral region.pdfNatungaRonald1
The breast lies in the pectoral region and develops during puberty under the influence of female sex hormones. It is composed of lobules that radiate from the nipple. The breast undergoes changes during pregnancy and menopause. Cancer is a major health concern and can spread via the lymphatic drainage pathways.
The pectoral region contains muscles that act on the arm including the pectoralis major and minor. The serratus anterior muscle rotates the scapula. All three muscles receive nerve innervation from branches of the brachial plexus. Knowledge of the anatomical structures of the breast and pectoral region is important for clinical diagnosis and management.
The document describes the anatomy of the abdomen, perineum, external genitalia, and internal female reproductive system. It is divided into sections on topographic anatomy, boundaries of the perineum, blood supply of the perineum, structures of the external genitalia including the vulva and clitoris, muscles of the external genitalia, the vagina, levator anii muscle, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Key details include the divisions of the abdomen into quadrants and planes, boundaries and divisions of the perineum, structures within the vulva and vestibule, layers of the vaginal wall, ligaments attached to the uterus, and attachments of the ovaries.
The female reproductive system consists of internal and external organs. The primary internal organs are the ovaries which produce eggs and hormones. The ovaries are connected to the uterus via the fallopian tubes. The uterus holds a fertilized egg and, if pregnancy occurs, the developing fetus. The vagina is the passageway between the external genitalia (vulva) and the uterus. Key supporting structures of the uterus include the broad ligament, levator ani muscles, and transverse cervical ligament.
The male reproductive system consists of both external and internal structures. The external structures include the penis, scrotum, and testicles. The internal structures, or accessory organs, include the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, urethra, and prostate gland. The testicles produce sperm and hormones within the scrotum. During arousal, erectile tissues in the penis fill with blood, causing an erection. Semen, containing sperm and fluids, is produced and travels through the reproductive organs before being ejaculated through the urethra.
Similar a ovary - Anatomy, histology and embryological development of ovary (20)
This document discusses the treatment and management of encephalitis. The main aims are to maintain vital functions, provide symptomatic management, ensure adequate nutrition, and prevent neurological sequelae. Specific treatments are outlined for different causes of encephalitis, including acyclovir for herpes simplex encephalitis, doxycycline for rickettsia, and amphotericin B or fluconazole for cryptococcal infections. Complications can include personality changes, speech and language problems, memory issues, and epilepsy. The prognosis depends on the cause, with an overall 5% mortality rate and two-thirds of survivors usually recovering fully.
Symptomatic therapy:
Raised intracranial pressure- 20% Mannitol i.v 0.5 g/kg every 4-6 hr for maximum 6 doses.
Convulsions-Diazepam i.v followed by phenytoin.
Dyselectrolytemia-Maintenance fluids.
Hydrocephalus and persistent decerebration-Ventriculocaval shunt.
Tuberculous Meningitis,
Meningitis is a complication of childhood TB
More common at the age of 6 and 24 months of age
There is usually a focus of primary infection or miliary tuberculosis.
If untreated, high frequency of neurological sequelae and mortality occurs.
VIRAL MENINGOENCEPHALITIS
CSF PRESSURE : Normal or Slightly raised (80-150 mm of H20)
LEUCOCYTES : few-1000 cells/mm3 - Initially poly morpho nuclear later mononuclear cells predominate
PROTEIN : Usually 50 -200 mg/dL
GLUCOSE : Normal or slightly reduced
ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
CSF PRESSURE : Normal or Slightly raised
LEUCOCYTES: 100 cells/mm3, lymphocytosis
PROTEIN : Mildly elevated
GLUCOSE : Normal
csf findings:
Elevated pressure , turbid.
Elevated cell count >1000/mm3 , mostly polymorphic neutrophil.
Protiens are elevated above 100mg/dl.
Sugar is reduced below 50% of blood sugar level or below 40mg /dl.
Microspic examination of sediments with gram stain helps to identify organisms.
Collect CSF for culture.
In partially treated cases CSF is clear with more lymphocytes, culture is usually sterile.
Is an inflammatory process of brain parenchyma.
Occurs most often in the first year of life
M/C in world and in INDIA _ Japanese encephalitis
In immunocompetent host- Vaicella , EBV, herpes
OUTLINE:
*INITIAL STABILIZATION
*ANTIBIOTICS THERAPY
*STEROIDS
*ICP MANAGEMENT
*SYMPTOMATIC THERAPY
*PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION
INITIAL STABILIZATION
•
Airway, breathing and circulation must be
maintained
•
Correct shock, respiratory distress , multiple
organ system failure
•
Paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) until the
child is stable.
•
Monitoring of pulse rate, BP and respiratory rate
•
Frequent neurologic assessment
Cranium is the skeleton of the head.
Neurocranium is the bony case of the brain and meninges. It is formed by a series of eight bones:
Unpaired: Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid & Occipital
Paired : Temporal, Parietal
Ethmoid bone relatively minor contribution
These agents are simple nitric and nitrous acid esters of polyalcohols. Otherwise called, Nitro-vasodilators
Nitroglycerin may be considered the prototype of the group.
Important molecular donors of exogenous nitric oxide.
Denitration of the organic nitrates to liberate nitric oxide.
Relax smooth muscle (especially vascular smooth muscle, but also other types including oesophageal and biliary smooth muscle).
This document outlines the classification of breast tumours according to histopathology, grade, stage, receptor status, and DNA. It describes the WHO histological classification including epithelial and stromal tumours of the breast, as well as tumours of the male breast and nipple. Benign and malignant epithelial lesions are defined. Malignant lesions include carcinoma in situ (DCIS and LCIS) and invasive carcinoma. Molecular subtypes and specific tumour types such as lobular carcinoma are also detailed. The classification of stromal tumours, tumours of the male breast, and nipple are summarized.
Paranasal sinuses are a group of air containing spaces that surround the nasal cavity and directly open into the nasal cavity through their ostia.
Lined by pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
pathological aspects of paget's disease of nipple with excellent animation for progress of paget's disease. all the points derived from standard reference books.
This document provides information on femoral triangle anatomy, femoral hernia, and umbilical hernia. It describes the boundaries of the femoral triangle and sheath. It then discusses the presentation, types, investigations, and surgical treatments of femoral hernia using various approaches like Lockwood, Lotheissen, and McEvedy. For umbilical hernia, it outlines the causes in children versus adults and various surgical repair techniques like Mayo's repair and mesh repair options based on hernia size and location.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
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Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
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Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
4. Anatomy
• The ovary is ovoid or almond
in shape.
• It is about 3 cm long, 2 cm wide and
1 cm thick
• Ovaries lie on each side of the uterus, almost
vertically.
• Suspended in the pelvic cavity by a double fold
of peritoneum.
Location:
5. Peritoneal relation:
Anatomy
Each ovary is attached to the
posterior surface of the broad
ligament by a short peritoneal
fold called mesovarium.
Each ovary is almost entirely
covered by the peritoneum
except along the mesovarian.
The mesovarium acts as a
hilum of the ovary and
conveys blood vessels and
nerves to the ovary.
7. Poles:
Anatomy
Upper pole:
• It is broader than the lower pole
• Suspensory ligament of ovary
Lower pole:
• Connected to the lateral angle of
the uterus by ligament of ovary.
Surfaces:
Later surface:
• lies in the angle between the internal
and external iliac vessels.
Medial surface:
• mainly related to the uterine tube.
8. Anatomy
Anterior border:
• Attached to the posterior leaf of the
broad ligament by a double fold of
peritoneum, the mesovarium.
Posterior border:
• Free border, related ureter.
Borders:
9. Anatomy
Blood supply:
• Arterial supply: mainly, ovarian artery which arises from the
aorta at the level of L1 vertebra.
• Venous drainage:The right ovarian vein drains into the inferior
vena cava while the left ovarian vein drains into the left renal
vein.
Lymphatics drainage:
• Pre-aortic and para-aortic lymph nodes
Nerve supply:
• Postganglionic sympathetic (T10, T11) and parasympathetic (S2,
S3, S4) fibres, derived from abdominal autonomic plexuses.
• The visceral afferent fibres from the ovary run along the
sympathetic pathways to the spinal segments T10, T11.
11. Embryology
The coelomic epithelium on the medial side of the mesonephros
becomes thickened to form genital ridges.
Primordial germs cells, that are formed in relation to yolk sac, migrate
to the region of developing ovary, and give rise to oocytes.
13. Embryology
The sex cords become broken up into small masses. The cells of each mass
surround one primordial germ cell, or oocyte, to form a primordial follicle.
18. Histology
Different phases of ovarian follicles:
Primordial follicles Primary follicles Secondary follicles
Graafian follicles Corpus luteum Corpus albicans
19. Histology
Medulla: Most
internal part of the
ovary, consists of loose
connective tissue and
blood vessels entering
through hilum from
mesenteries.
Cortex
medulla
20. Reference:
• Human Anatomy, Fourth Edition - Saladin, Kenneth. S
• JUNQUEIRA's Basic Histology 13th Edition
• Last’s Anatomy Regional and Applied 12th edition
• Gray's Anatomy The Anatomical Basis of Clinical
Practice, 40th Edition