The document discusses different types of research. It defines research and explains the importance of research. There are two main types of research: qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative research focuses on words and meanings through open-ended questions, while quantitative research uses statistics and tests relationships between variables. The research process involves identifying a topic, planning methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and sharing conclusions. Research must be conducted ethically and respect intellectual property and individuals. Both types of research have advantages and disadvantages.

1. Unit 1:
Nature of
Research
Practical Research 1
Week 1

2. How are human
innovations made
possible?

3. Research and Its
Importance
Lesson
1
Unit 1
Week 1

4. Objectives:
After this lesson, I can…
1. define research and the different types of
research, and
2. explain the academic and practical
importance of doing research.

5. Defining
Research

6. What is Research?
Research is “the systematic study of
materials and sources in order to
establish facts and reach new
conclusions” (Oxford English Dictionary,
as cited in O’Leary 2004).

7. What is
Research?
Question
Everyday life
experiences
Individual
curiosities
Random
observations

8. What is Research?
Question Answer
You do research when you gather information to seek
answers to your question.

9. What is
Research?
Observation: You have a hard time
falling asleep at night when you drink
a chocolate-flavored drink before
sleeping.
Question: Why do I have a hard time
falling asleep when I take a chocolate-
flavored drink at night?”
Gathered information: The list of
ingredients of the chocolate-flavored
drink and their uses
Answer: Some of the ingredients in
the chocolate-flavored drink are
known to boost energy levels.

10. Types of
Research

11. BASIC
Research
APPLIED
Research
Types of
Research

12. BASIC Research
APPLIED
Research
Types of
Research
Purpose:
To gain broader
understanding of a
particular problem or
phenomenon.
Purpose:
To find solutions to actual
problems.

13. BASIC Research
APPLIED
Research
Types of
Research
Outcome:
New ideas, concepts,
and/or theories that
broaden understanding but
may not be applicable in
real life.
Outcome:
New ideas and concepts
that have direct real-life
application.

14. Basic research is mostly
theoretical and is not
not directly applicable to
real-life problems and
concerns.

15. Examples of Basic
Research:
• A neurologist studying the
brain to contribute to a
broader knowledge of how
the brain functions
• Observing Patterns in Bird
Migration
• Analyzing User Behavior
in Social Media Platforms

16. Applied research
has obvious and
immediate

17. Examples of Applied
Research:
• The effectiveness of
vaccines in preventing
infectious diseases
• The effectiveness of social
media advertisements in
increasing sales

18. Basic research produces
knowledge to understand the
world better. Applied research
uses this knowledge in the daily
lives of people.

19. Types of Research
Basic
Research
Applied
Research
Informs
Can lead
to more
Basic research and applied research are related to each
other.

20. Types of Research
Basic Research Applied Research
Informs
Can lead to
more
Example: A study of chemical components (basic research) can lead to
the development of medicines based on this knowledge (applied
on these products can lead back to basic research.

21. Importance
of
Research

22. Importance of Research
Doing research is important because…
• It helps us understand the world
better.
• It allows us to find answers to
problems.
• It enables us to evaluate our
answers to different problem

23. Research Process
and Ethics
Lesson
2
Unit 1
Week 1

24. Objectives:
After this lesson, I can…
1. recognize the characteristics of research,
2. enumerate the steps involved in the
research process; and
3. explain the importance of ethics in
research.

25. Characteristic
s of Research

26. Characteristics of Research
Controlled
Rigorous
Systematic
Valid
Empirical
Research is
controlled and
manipulated to
understand the
relationship
between two or
more variables.
Extraneous
variables must
be controlled

27. Characteristics of Research
Controlled
Rigorous
Systematic
Valid
Empirical
Research follows
stringent
procedures to find
out the answers to
questions that are
relevant and
appropriate in
nature.
stringent
procedures

28. Characteristics of Research
Controlled
Rigorous
Systematic
Valid
Empirical
Research is
systematic as it
follows a step-by-
step procedure to
answer research
questions.
structured plan.

29. Characteristics of Research
Controlled
Rigorous
Systematic
Valid
Empirical
Data are correct
and verifiable by
the researcher and
eventually, by the
readers of the
research work.
correct and
verifiable

30. Characteristics of Research
Controlled
Rigorous
Systematic
Valid
Empirical
Research must be
totally based on
hard evidence
gathered from
observations and
real-life
experiences.
Hard evidence

31. The Research
Process

32. The Research
Process
Share the publication.
Write a conclusion.
Analyze and interpret data.
Collect data.
Formulate plans and methodology.
Choose a research topic.
Identify the general study area.

33. The Research
Process
Share the publication.
Write a conclusion.
Analyze and interpret data.
Collect data.
Formulate plans and methodology.
Choose a research topic.
Identify the general study area.
PHASE 1
Research
Proposal
PHASE 2
Research
Activities
PHASE 3
Written Content

34. Research
Ethics

35. Principles in Research Ethics
Ethical
Principles
Explanation
Honesty
All researchers must honestly present information on
data, results, research methods and procedures, and
status of work. Researchers must not falsify and
distort the data to deceive the public.
Objectivity
Researchers should remove any form of bias in all
stages of research. All observations and data collected
must not be changed in any way to agree with the
wants of the researchers.

36. Principles in Research Ethics
Ethical
Principles
Explanation
Prudence
Researchers must be careful in evaluating their
own work.
Responsible
Publication
Researchers must publish their results and
share it to other people for the sake of science
and the pursuit of knowledge.
Confidentiality
Researchers must save and secure confidential
information of anyone involved in the research
project, especially the respondents for their
target samples.

37. Principles in Research Ethics
Ethical
Principles
Explanation
Respect for
Intellectual
Property
The researchers must respect patents, copyright
rights, and other forms of intellectual property. It
is a criminal act for anyone to plagiarize.
Social
Responsibility
Researchers must conduct research studies that
could be beneficial to the entire society.
Anti-
discrimination
Researchers must avoid discrimination against
any form of social labels like sex, gender,
religion, and the like.

38. The research process is
an endless cycle. It does
not stop when the results
are published and shared
to the rest of the
community.

39. Qualitative and
Quantitative
Research
Lesson
3
Unit 1
Week 1

40. Objectives:
After this lesson, I can…
1. differentiate qualitative from quantitative
research; and
2. explain the characteristics of qualitative
and quantitative research.

41. Types of
Research

42. Types of
Research
Qualitative Research
Quantitative Research
Mixed Method Research

43. Types of Research• It focuses on words
along with its
construction, meanings,
and interpretations.
• It asks open-ended
questions to extract
meanings, perceptions,
and interpretations.
Qualitative
Research
Quantitative
Research
Mixed Method
Research

44. Qualitative Research
Strategies of Inquiry
• Phenomenology
• Grounded theory
• Ethnography
• Case study
• Narrative research
Data Collection
• Interviews
• Focus group
discussions
• Content analysis

45. Examples of Qualitative
Research
• Perspectives of teachers on the
implementation of anti-bullying
policies
• Cultural practices of an
indigenous group and their
respective meanings
• Perceptions on the importance
of freedom of speech
• Interpretations of political
speeches

46. Qualitative research may
possibly use numbers and
figures, but its analysis still
focuses on words, meanings,
interpretations, and perspectives.

47. Types of Research• It is a means for testing
objective theories by
examining the
relationship among
variables.
• It makes use of
statistics in the
collection, analysis, and
interpretation of
numerical data.
Qualitative
Research
Quantitative
Research
Mixed Method
Research

48. Quantitative Research
Strategies of
Inquiry
• Survey research
• Experimental
research
Data Collection
• Surveys
• Experiments

49. Examples of Quantitative
Research
• Effects of physical
exercise on sleep quality
• Preferences of college
students towards
computer operating
systems
• Impact of social media use
on rising fashion trends

50. Qualitative techniques rely
on words. Quantitative
techniques use numbers.

51. Types of Research
• It employs the elements
of both qualitative and
quantitative research in
terms of strategies and
methods.
Qualitative
Research
Quantitative
Research
Mixed Method
Research

52. Mixed Method Research
Sequential
• It elaborates or
expands the
findings of one
method with
another method.
Concurrent
• Qualitative and
quantitative
methods and
data are being
used and
collected at the
same time.
•Transformative
• A theoretical lens
is used as an
overarching
perspective
within a design
that contains
both quantitative
and qualitative
data.

53. Mixed Method Research
Qualitative Quantitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Expounded
by
Expounded
by
Qualitative Quantitative
Sequential Concurrent

54. Mixed methods research does
not only combine qualitative and
quantitative techniques. It also
considers the complementarity of
the two techniques.

55. Comparing
Qualitative and
Quantitative
research

56. Comparing Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Qualitative Quantitative
Advantages
• It provides a richer and deeper
understanding of the
phenomenon.
• Participants can provide deeper,
more detailed, and specific
answers to the questions.
• Findings are generalizable and
reflective of the population due to
the large number of participants.
• Use of statistical methods in the
collection and analysis of data
gives validity and reliability to the
findings.
Disadvantage
s
• Number of participants (sample
size) is smaller compared to
quantitative research.
• Narrative findings from a small
number of participants are not
generalizable for the whole
population.
• Depth of the answers of the
participants is limited due to the
large sample size and the use of
closed-ended questions.
• Data expressed as numbers may
not always capture the
complexities of the phenomenon
under study.

57. Assignment: