Dementia, a multifaceted condition affecting millions worldwide, presents a unique challenge to both individuals and societies. In this presentation, we delve into the intricacies of dementia, offering a comprehensive exploration of its various forms, symptoms, and impacts on individuals and their families. We begin by unraveling the scientific underpinnings of dementia, shedding light on the neurological processes that contribute to cognitive decline. From Alzheimer's disease to vascular dementia and beyond, we examine the diverse range of conditions that fall under the umbrella of dementia, each with its own distinct characteristics and challenges. Moving beyond the clinical aspect, we explore the profound personal and societal ramifications of dementia. Through compelling case studies and firsthand accounts, we illuminate the lived experiences of those affected by dementia, highlighting the emotional toll it takes on individuals and their loved ones. Moreover, we address the pressing need for increased awareness and understanding of dementia within our communities. By dispelling myths and misconceptions surrounding the condition, we strive to foster a more compassionate and inclusive society that supports individuals living with dementia. Ultimately, this presentation serves as a call to action, urging stakeholders from all sectors to join forces in the fight against dementia. Through education, advocacy, and innovation, we can work towards a future where individuals with dementia receive the care, respect, and dignity they deserve

1. Welcome To My Study Room
Todays Presentation Topic
Dementia

2. Introduction
• Dementia is a progressive neurological condition that affects cognitive
function, memory, and behavior. It is not a specific disease but rather a
broad term used to describe a range of symptoms associated with a decline
in cognitive abilities severe enough to interfere with daily life.
• Dementia is more common in older adults, but it is not a normal part of
aging. While there is currently no cure for most types of dementia, early
detection and management of symptoms can help improve quality of life
for affected individuals and their caregivers. Treatment may involve
medications to manage symptoms, lifestyle modifications, and support
services to help with daily activities and care. Ongoing research is focused
on better understanding the underlying causes of dementia and developing
more effective treatments.

3. Define Dementia
• According to WHO-Dementia is a syndrome that can be caused by a number
of diseases which over time destroy nerve cells and damage the brain,
typically leading to deterioration in cognitive function beyond what might be
expected from the usual consequences of biological ageing.

4. Types of Dementia
1)Alzheimer's Disease
2)Vascular Dementia.
3)Lewy Body Dementia
4)Frontotemporal Dementia
5)Mixed Dementia

5. Sign and Symptoms of Dementia

6. Stage of Dementia

7. Causes of Dementia

8. Risk Factors of Dementia

9. Epidemiological trends of Dementia
Last update in January 2022, dementia represents a significant public health
challenge globally, with the World Health Organization (WHO) estimating its
prevalence and trends. Here are some key epidemiological trends:
Prevalence: Dementia is a syndrome characterized by a decline in cognitive
function. Its prevalence increases with age.
Global Burden: Dementia poses a substantial burden on individuals,
families, and healthcare systems.
Population Aging: Population aging is a major driver of the increasing
prevalence of dementia.

10. Cont.…
 Regional Variations: While dementia affects people globally, there are regional
variations in its prevalence and trends. High-income countries tend to have higher
rates of dementia due to their aging populations and better diagnosis and reporting
systems.
 Risk Factors: Certain risk factors have been identified for dementia, including age,
genetics, lifestyle factors (such as diet, physical activity, and social engagement),
and comorbidities (such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity).
 Impact on Healthcare Systems: This includes medical care, social services, and
caregiver support.
 Research and Awareness: There is ongoing research aimed at better understanding
the underlying mechanisms of dementia, developing effective treatments, and
improving dementia care and support services and additionally, raising awareness
about dementia.

11. Dementia Care in Bangladesh
• The increase in elderly population in Bangladesh during the period 1990-2025 is
projected to be faster (219%) then that of European countries.
• Dementia people in Bangladesh do not get proper quality of care and are often
isolated from society. Research shows that most people currently living with
dementia have not received a formal diagnosis.
• Care of neurological diseases and elderly people suffering from dementia related
health problem have got less priority in government health service
• Huge majority of the private hospitals have no diagnosis facilities as well as
specialized physicians to take care of dementia patients.

12. Cont.…
Some other Dementia care in Bangladesh:
Limited Awareness and Stigma
Lack of Specialized Services
Limited Access to Healthcare
Caregiver Burden
Cultural Context
Government Initiatives
NGO and Community Efforts

13. Diagnosis of Dementia
Cognitive assessment evaluation- mini mental status examination (MMSE) –
shows cognitive impairment
Functional dementia scale
MRI
Spinal fluid analysis shows increased beta amyloid deposits

14. Treatment and Management
1) Medications: Cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., donepezil, rivastigmine) and N-methyl-D-
aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (e.g., memantine) can help manage cognitive
symptoms in Alzheimer's disease.
2) Non-Pharmacological Interventions: Cognitive stimulation programs, physical exercise,
music therapy, and art therapy can improve cognitive function, mood, and overall well-
being.
3) Supportive Care: Education and support for caregivers, respite care services, and
assistance with care planning and decision-making are essential components of dementia
management.
4) Clinical Trials: Participation in research studies and clinical trials investigating new
treatments and interventions offers hope for future advancements in dementia care.

15. Prevention of Dementia
 Regular exercise
 Social engagement
 Healthy diet
 Mental stimulation
 Quality sleep
 Stress management
 Vascular health

16. WHO Response
WHO recognizes dementia as a public health priority. In May 2017, the World Health
Assembly endorsed the Global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017-
2025. The Plan provides a comprehensive blueprint for action – for policy-makers,
international, regional and national partners, and WHO in the following areas: addressing
dementia as a public health priority; increasing awareness of dementia and creating a dementia-
inclusive society; reducing the risk of dementia; diagnosis, treatment and care; information
systems for dementia; support for dementia carers; and, research and innovation. To facilitate
the monitoring of the global dementia action plan, WHO developed the Global Dementia
Observatory (GDO), a data portal that collates country data on 35 key dementia indicators
across the global action plan’s seven strategic areas. As a complement to the GDO, WHO
launched the GDO Knowledge Exchange Platform, which is a repository of good practices
examples in the area of dementia with the goal of fostering mutual learning and multi-
directional exchange between regions, countries and individuals to facilitate action globally.

17. Conclusion
Dementia is a complex and challenging condition that requires a
multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis, treatment, and management. While
there is currently no cure, early detection and intervention can significantly
improve outcomes and quality of life for individuals living with dementia and
their caregivers. Public awareness, research, and support services are crucial in
addressing the growing impact of dementia on individuals, families, and
society as a whole.