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El documento detalla los premios económicos asignados a cada puesto de la competición, desde el primer puesto con 54 millones de euros hasta el duodécimo puesto con 48,5 millones; asimismo, establece que cada partido no presentado por un equipo supondrá una reducción de 500.000 euros en su premio.
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Formulation development and evaluation of Zidovudine sustained release tablet...
Formulation development and evaluation of Zidovudine sustained release tablet...Dr. Raghavendra Kumar Gunda
ABSTRACT
The main objective of present investigation is to formulate the sustained release tablet of Zidovudine using 32
factorial design. Zidovudine, antiretroviral drug belongs to BCS Class I. The SR tablets of Zidovudine were
prepared employing different concentrations of Carboplol974P and Xanthan gum in different combinations as a
rate retardants by Direct Compression technique using 32 factorial design. The quantity of rate retarders,
Carboplol974P and Xanthan gum required to achieve the desired drug release was selected as independent
variables, X1 and X2 respectively whereas, time required for 10% of drug dissolution (t10%), 50% (t50%), 75% (t75%)
and 90% (t90%) were selected as dependent variables. Totally nine formulations were designed and are evaluated
for hardness, friability, thickness, % drug content, In-vitro drug release. From the Results it was concluded that all
the formulation were found to be with in the Pharmacopoeial limits and the In-vitro dissolution profiles of all
formulations were fitted in to different Kinetic models, the statistical parameters like intercept (a), slope (b) &
regression coefficient (r) were calculated. Polynomial equations were developed for t10%, t50%, t75%, t90%. Validity of
developed polynomial equations were verified by designing 2 check point formulations(C1, C2). According to
SUPAC guidelines the formulation (F5) containing combination of 5% Carboplol974P and 5% Xanthan gum, is the
most similar formulation (f2=85.04 & No significant difference, t= 0.20046) to marketed product (Retrovir). The
selected formulation (F5) follows Higuchi’s kinetics, the mechanism of drug release was found to be Case-II
transport or typical Zero order release (Non-Fickian, n= 0.915).Eudragit NM study in matrix tablets technology
Aim: This diploma thesis focused on the study of the influence of two types of high-shear
mixers as well as the effect of poly(meth)acrylate concentrations on the properties of
prepared granules and consequently matrix tablets.
Methods: Caffeine was employed as the model drug and matrix tablets were prepared via
the wet granulation process using two different high-shear mixers either Stephan UMC5 or
Rotolab mixer. Eudragit® NM 30D was used in various concentrations as a wet granulation
agent for time controlled drug release with low permeability and pH independent swelling.
In addition, lactose monohydrate was added as indifferent soluble filler, magnesium
stearate served as the antiadhesive excipient and colloidal silica was added for flowability
improvement. Matrix tablets were evaluated for mass, content and dosage uniformity,
uniformity of dosage units, friability, hardness and dissolution according to Ph. Eur.
Results - Conclusions: All prepared tablets exhibited sustained drug release. The
employment of different mixers for sustained matrix tablets preparation did not
significantly influence the release profile of caffeine (Eudragit® NM concentrations 9-
14%), except when the lower Eudragit® NM concentration (7%) was used for granulation.
Furthermore, Eudragit® NM concentrations (7 – 14% per tablet) did not significantly affect
the release profile of caffeine from matrix tablets, neither in the Stephan UMC5 nor the
Rotolab mixer.
La bacanal de Tiziano
Visión de detalle del cuadro de la Bacanal de Tiziano (1523-26). Uno de las obras más interesantes e influyentes del Renacimiento
La escultura Italiana del Quattrocento.
Primera presentación sobre la escultura italiana renacentista. Se trata la escultura del siglo XV o Quattrocento, el siglo en que Florencia es la ciudad difusora de las nuevas tendencias artísticas. Se esquematizan unas características y se pasa a tratar las características y obras de los artistas más importantes, ya que que a partir de este siglo cada artista marca su propio estilo y es más necesario especificar lo personal, además de lo general del Renacimiento. Estudiaremos la obra de Ghiberti, Donatello y Verrochio, que pueden ser los más grandes, aunque también daremos cabida a Della Quercia y a la familia Della Robbia. En aquellas obras que considere más interesantes reflexionaremos sobre la influencia de la iconografía griega y romana, comparándolas con aquellas que pudieron ser origen de su inspiración o renacer.
La puerta del Paraiso de Lorenzo Ghiberti
La tercera de las puertas del Baptisterio de la catedral de Florencia. Obra realizada por Lorenzo Ghiberti entre 1425 y 1452. Es la obra maestra en relieve dle Quattrocento italiano.
Principales pintores y obras de la pintura renacentista italiana
Presentación en borrador para ayudar a mis alumnos con el tema de la pintura renacentista: principales pintores y obras de Italia a través de las etapa. Es una selección de imágenes sin apenas contenidos textuales.
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Destacado
Formulation development and evaluation of Zidovudine sustained release tablet...
Formulation development and evaluation of Zidovudine sustained release tablet...Dr. Raghavendra Kumar Gunda
ABSTRACT
The main objective of present investigation is to formulate the sustained release tablet of Zidovudine using 32
factorial design. Zidovudine, antiretroviral drug belongs to BCS Class I. The SR tablets of Zidovudine were
prepared employing different concentrations of Carboplol974P and Xanthan gum in different combinations as a
rate retardants by Direct Compression technique using 32 factorial design. The quantity of rate retarders,
Carboplol974P and Xanthan gum required to achieve the desired drug release was selected as independent
variables, X1 and X2 respectively whereas, time required for 10% of drug dissolution (t10%), 50% (t50%), 75% (t75%)
and 90% (t90%) were selected as dependent variables. Totally nine formulations were designed and are evaluated
for hardness, friability, thickness, % drug content, In-vitro drug release. From the Results it was concluded that all
the formulation were found to be with in the Pharmacopoeial limits and the In-vitro dissolution profiles of all
formulations were fitted in to different Kinetic models, the statistical parameters like intercept (a), slope (b) &
regression coefficient (r) were calculated. Polynomial equations were developed for t10%, t50%, t75%, t90%. Validity of
developed polynomial equations were verified by designing 2 check point formulations(C1, C2). According to
SUPAC guidelines the formulation (F5) containing combination of 5% Carboplol974P and 5% Xanthan gum, is the
most similar formulation (f2=85.04 & No significant difference, t= 0.20046) to marketed product (Retrovir). The
selected formulation (F5) follows Higuchi’s kinetics, the mechanism of drug release was found to be Case-II
transport or typical Zero order release (Non-Fickian, n= 0.915).Eudragit NM study in matrix tablets technology
Aim: This diploma thesis focused on the study of the influence of two types of high-shear
mixers as well as the effect of poly(meth)acrylate concentrations on the properties of
prepared granules and consequently matrix tablets.
Methods: Caffeine was employed as the model drug and matrix tablets were prepared via
the wet granulation process using two different high-shear mixers either Stephan UMC5 or
Rotolab mixer. Eudragit® NM 30D was used in various concentrations as a wet granulation
agent for time controlled drug release with low permeability and pH independent swelling.
In addition, lactose monohydrate was added as indifferent soluble filler, magnesium
stearate served as the antiadhesive excipient and colloidal silica was added for flowability
improvement. Matrix tablets were evaluated for mass, content and dosage uniformity,
uniformity of dosage units, friability, hardness and dissolution according to Ph. Eur.
Results - Conclusions: All prepared tablets exhibited sustained drug release. The
employment of different mixers for sustained matrix tablets preparation did not
significantly influence the release profile of caffeine (Eudragit® NM concentrations 9-
14%), except when the lower Eudragit® NM concentration (7%) was used for granulation.
Furthermore, Eudragit® NM concentrations (7 – 14% per tablet) did not significantly affect
the release profile of caffeine from matrix tablets, neither in the Stephan UMC5 nor the
Rotolab mixer.
La bacanal de Tiziano
Visión de detalle del cuadro de la Bacanal de Tiziano (1523-26). Uno de las obras más interesantes e influyentes del Renacimiento
La escultura Italiana del Quattrocento.
Primera presentación sobre la escultura italiana renacentista. Se trata la escultura del siglo XV o Quattrocento, el siglo en que Florencia es la ciudad difusora de las nuevas tendencias artísticas. Se esquematizan unas características y se pasa a tratar las características y obras de los artistas más importantes, ya que que a partir de este siglo cada artista marca su propio estilo y es más necesario especificar lo personal, además de lo general del Renacimiento. Estudiaremos la obra de Ghiberti, Donatello y Verrochio, que pueden ser los más grandes, aunque también daremos cabida a Della Quercia y a la familia Della Robbia. En aquellas obras que considere más interesantes reflexionaremos sobre la influencia de la iconografía griega y romana, comparándolas con aquellas que pudieron ser origen de su inspiración o renacer.
La puerta del Paraiso de Lorenzo Ghiberti
La tercera de las puertas del Baptisterio de la catedral de Florencia. Obra realizada por Lorenzo Ghiberti entre 1425 y 1452. Es la obra maestra en relieve dle Quattrocento italiano.
Principales pintores y obras de la pintura renacentista italiana
Presentación en borrador para ayudar a mis alumnos con el tema de la pintura renacentista: principales pintores y obras de Italia a través de las etapa. Es una selección de imágenes sin apenas contenidos textuales.
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- 1. Puesto Premio 1º 54.000.000€ 2º 53.500.000€ 3º 53.000.000€ 4º 52.500.000€ 5º 52.000.000€ 6º 51.500.000€ 7º 51.000.000€ 8º 50.500.000€ 9º 50.000.000€ 10º 49.500.000€ 11º 49.000.000€ 12º 48.500.000€ -Cada partido no presentado por un equipo restará 500.000€ del premio en la competición que se produzca.