Seminario biología molecular Maria Antonia Maya. (3).pdf
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This document summarizes a study on the role of spermidine, a polyamine, in Salmonella Typhimurium virulence and motility. The main objective was to discover the mechanism by which spermidine assists in early Salmonella pathogenesis. Methods included generating chromosomal knockout strains of genes involved in spermidine transport and biosynthesis. Immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and immunoblotting were used to evaluate the expression of flagellin, fimbrial proteins, and regulatory proteins with and without spermidine supplementation. Results showed spermidine increased adhesion to intestinal cells and expression of motility proteins. The study concluded spermidine is important for Salmonella mot
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Seminario biología molecular, Maria Antonia Maya. (2).pdf
This document summarizes a study on the role of spermidine in Salmonella pathogenesis. The main objective was to discover the mechanism by which spermidine assists in the early stages of Salmonella pathogenesis. Chromosomal knockout strains were created and evaluated for gene expression, adhesion to intestinal cells, and presence of flagellin and regulatory proteins on the bacterial surface with and without spermidine supplementation. The results helped identify key genes, proteins, and structures involved in Salmonella virulence and understand the importance of spermidine in bacterial motility and virulence.
Bohomolets Microbiology Lesson #6
1. Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne illness worldwide. It can cause gastroenteritis through ingestion of contaminated food or water.
2. When Salmonella is ingested, it is able to penetrate the epithelial cells of the intestine and migrate to the lamina propria, multiplying in lymphoid follicles and causing inflammation. This stimulates fluid secretion and diarrhea.
3. Laboratory diagnosis of Salmonella infection involves culturing specimens from foods, stool, vomit or organs in nutrient media and examining the isolates for their cultural, serological and biological properties to identify the Salmonella species.
Trichomonas jp
Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that infects the urogenital tract. It has an anterior tuft of flagella, undulating membrane, and axostyle. T. vaginalis is transmitted sexually and resides in the vagina, prostate, and urethra. Symptoms in females include vaginal discharge and irritation, while males may experience urethritis. Diagnosis involves wet mount microscopy, culture, or antigen detection of vaginal/urethral samples. Treatment is typically metronidazole.
Trichomonas jp
Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that infects the urogenital tract. It has an anterior tuft of flagella, undulating membrane, and axostyle. T. vaginalis is transmitted sexually and resides in the vagina, prostate, and urethra. Symptoms in females include vaginitis and discharge, while males may experience urethritis. Diagnosis involves wet mount microscopy, culture, antigen detection, or PCR. Treatment is typically metronidazole.
shigellosis.pptx
Shigella is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes the infectious disease shigellosis or bacillary dysentery. It is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and infects the colonic epithelium. Clinical symptoms include abdominal cramps, bloody mucus in the stool, and fever. S. dysenteriae produces a Shiga toxin that can damage kidney and brain cells. The bacterium uses a type III secretion system and effector proteins to invade intestinal cells, spread intracellularly, and induce inflammation. Treatment involves rehydration and antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin. Prevention relies on hand washing and water sanitation.
Case Study: The peanut butter is tainted
Our patient experienced stomach cramping, diarrhea, and a moderately high temperature 16 hours after consuming a peanut butter sandwich. After culturing the patient's fecal matter, the culprit was identified as Salmonella enterica. Salmonella is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that can survive in low oxygen environments and is a common cause of food poisoning. It is spread through the fecal-oral route. Chloramphenicol was identified as an effective antibiotic treatment.
GIARDIA LAMBLIA
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REFS:
INTERNATIONALLY ACCEPTED BOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY BY K. D. CHATTERJEE
TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY BY PANIKER
IMAGE SOURCES : FROM INTERNET
Proteus Mirabilis.pptx
Proteus mirabilis is a gram-negative bacteria commonly found in the human intestinal tract. It can cause urinary tract infections when it enters the urinary system, where it produces an enzyme called urease that breaks down urea into ammonia, raising the pH of urine. P. mirabilis is responsible for 90% of Proteus infections and can lead to sepsis, abdominal infections, and secondary infections of wounds and ears. It is diagnosed through laboratory tests detecting its unique swarming motility, inability to metabolize lactose, and distinctive fishy odor. Treatment involves antibiotics like beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones to which P. mirabilis
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Seminario biología molecular, Maria Antonia Maya. (2).pdf
This document summarizes a study on the role of spermidine in Salmonella pathogenesis. The main objective was to discover the mechanism by which spermidine assists in the early stages of Salmonella pathogenesis. Chromosomal knockout strains were created and evaluated for gene expression, adhesion to intestinal cells, and presence of flagellin and regulatory proteins on the bacterial surface with and without spermidine supplementation. The results helped identify key genes, proteins, and structures involved in Salmonella virulence and understand the importance of spermidine in bacterial motility and virulence.
Bohomolets Microbiology Lesson #6
1. Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne illness worldwide. It can cause gastroenteritis through ingestion of contaminated food or water.
2. When Salmonella is ingested, it is able to penetrate the epithelial cells of the intestine and migrate to the lamina propria, multiplying in lymphoid follicles and causing inflammation. This stimulates fluid secretion and diarrhea.
3. Laboratory diagnosis of Salmonella infection involves culturing specimens from foods, stool, vomit or organs in nutrient media and examining the isolates for their cultural, serological and biological properties to identify the Salmonella species.
Trichomonas jp
Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that infects the urogenital tract. It has an anterior tuft of flagella, undulating membrane, and axostyle. T. vaginalis is transmitted sexually and resides in the vagina, prostate, and urethra. Symptoms in females include vaginal discharge and irritation, while males may experience urethritis. Diagnosis involves wet mount microscopy, culture, or antigen detection of vaginal/urethral samples. Treatment is typically metronidazole.
Trichomonas jp
Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that infects the urogenital tract. It has an anterior tuft of flagella, undulating membrane, and axostyle. T. vaginalis is transmitted sexually and resides in the vagina, prostate, and urethra. Symptoms in females include vaginitis and discharge, while males may experience urethritis. Diagnosis involves wet mount microscopy, culture, antigen detection, or PCR. Treatment is typically metronidazole.
shigellosis.pptx
Shigella is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes the infectious disease shigellosis or bacillary dysentery. It is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and infects the colonic epithelium. Clinical symptoms include abdominal cramps, bloody mucus in the stool, and fever. S. dysenteriae produces a Shiga toxin that can damage kidney and brain cells. The bacterium uses a type III secretion system and effector proteins to invade intestinal cells, spread intracellularly, and induce inflammation. Treatment involves rehydration and antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin. Prevention relies on hand washing and water sanitation.
Case Study: The peanut butter is tainted
Our patient experienced stomach cramping, diarrhea, and a moderately high temperature 16 hours after consuming a peanut butter sandwich. After culturing the patient's fecal matter, the culprit was identified as Salmonella enterica. Salmonella is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that can survive in low oxygen environments and is a common cause of food poisoning. It is spread through the fecal-oral route. Chloramphenicol was identified as an effective antibiotic treatment.
GIARDIA LAMBLIA
LUMEN DWELLING FLAGELLATES - GIARDIA
REFS:
INTERNATIONALLY ACCEPTED BOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY BY K. D. CHATTERJEE
TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY BY PANIKER
IMAGE SOURCES : FROM INTERNET
Proteus Mirabilis.pptx
Proteus mirabilis is a gram-negative bacteria commonly found in the human intestinal tract. It can cause urinary tract infections when it enters the urinary system, where it produces an enzyme called urease that breaks down urea into ammonia, raising the pH of urine. P. mirabilis is responsible for 90% of Proteus infections and can lead to sepsis, abdominal infections, and secondary infections of wounds and ears. It is diagnosed through laboratory tests detecting its unique swarming motility, inability to metabolize lactose, and distinctive fishy odor. Treatment involves antibiotics like beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones to which P. mirabilis
neisseria gonorrhoea
The genus Neisseria includes several species that are normal flora or pathogens in humans. N. gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. It is a gram-negative diplococcus that grows best in an atmosphere containing CO2. N. gonorrhoeae can change its surface structures to avoid the immune system. It possesses several antigens, including pili, porins, and lipooligosaccharide, that help it attach to and infect host cells. Treatment of gonorrhea has become challenging due to increasing antimicrobial resistance.
Seminario: Biología Molecular
This document summarizes a study analyzing the molecular epidemiology of Salmonella Paratyphi A isolates in Yunnan, China. 349 isolates were collected from blood cultures, while 17 were from the environment and food. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used to analyze the isolates. Results showed high genetic diversity between isolates based on their PFGE patterns and sequence types. Antibiotic susceptibility testing found high resistance to nalidixic acid. The study concludes that S. Paratyphi A has evolved resistance to antibiotics while maintaining its ability to be transmitted, and that its proliferation is linked to poor sanitation and infrastructure.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae lecture iii term
A 20-year-old man presented with urethral discharge and dysuria for two days after unprotected sex with a commercial sex worker. A smear of pus showed Gram-negative diplococci inside polymorphs. Culture on Thayer-Martin medium was positive, leading to a diagnosis of gonorrhea. Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea, first described in 1879 from gonorrheal pus. Effective treatment requires rapid diagnosis, contact tracing, and appropriate antibiotic use to control spread and rising antibiotic resistance.
Neisseria gonorhae
This document discusses the genus Neisseria, focusing on Neisseria gonorrhoeae which causes gonorrhea. It describes the morphology, growth characteristics, antigenic structure, transmission, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of N. gonorrhoeae. Key points include: N. gonorrhoeae are gram-negative diplococci that grow best at 35-36C with 5-10% CO2; transmission occurs through sexual contact; symptoms vary depending on infection site but can include urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease; diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, biochemical tests and serology; and treatment guidelines are regularly updated due to increasing antibiotic resistance.
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CHLAMYDIA.pptx veterinary microbiology .
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- Important virulence factors include toxins like alpha toxin, enterotoxins, and exfoliative toxins. Enzymes and surface proteins also contribute to pathogenesis.
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745_Mycoplasma.pptx
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Cararacterization of Salmonella Isangi possessing a CTX-M15 ESBL associated w...
Over an approximately 50-day period in 2015, an outbreak of CTX-M-15 extended spectrum β-lactamase-(ESBL)-possessing Salmonella Isangi occurred among 19 adult surgical patients and one healthcare worker (HCW) at a large urban tertiary care hospital in the United States. A total of 45 S. Isangi isolates were isolated from stool (35), blood (4), urine (3), respiratory (2), and wound (1) cultures. Phenotypically, all but three isolates demonstrated resistance to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, ceftriaxone, and cefepime, and one isolate was resistant to ertapenem. Genotypically, a single CTX-M-15 ESBL was identified in all but three isolates by real-time PCR. Interestingly, two of the CTX-M-15 negative, susceptible isolates were isolated from a single patient who initially had a CTX-M positive, resistant strain. Isolates were clonally related, including both resistant and susceptible strains, as confirmed by pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). This is the first case of a novel Salmonella outbreak at this hospital, and we believe it to be the first case of an S. Isangi serotype outbreak in the United States.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Se recalca que esta presentación no es mas que una explicación de el articulo hecho por los autores mencionados
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3 staphylococcus.pdf
This document discusses Staphylococci bacteria, including their general features and important medical species. Staphylococci are gram-positive cocci that form grape-like clusters and are facultative anaerobes. Three medically important species are described: Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. saprophyticus. S. aureus is the most virulent and causes a variety of infections through various cell-associated and secreted virulence factors. Laboratory diagnosis involves culturing specimens on selective media and performing tests like catalase, coagulase, and DNase.
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Years of research and Millions of Dollars have been spend in the quest to eradicate this deadly infectious disease. The War is still on but is the mission impossible. This presentation was made during a graduate class to review the victories and the challenges so far in the treatment and vaccination against this disease.
More still need to be done but their seems to be light at the end of the tunnel.
Malaria is not inevitable, it can be eradicated, the mission is possible if only we devote ourselves to quality research and we never give-up. (Oseni Saheed Oluwasina (2013))
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The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
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Avartana Sneha is a unique method of Preparation of Sneha Kalpana in Ayurveda, mainly it is indicated for the Vataja rogas.
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Similar a Seminario biología molecular Maria Antonia Maya. (3).pdf
neisseria gonorrhoea
The genus Neisseria includes several species that are normal flora or pathogens in humans. N. gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. It is a gram-negative diplococcus that grows best in an atmosphere containing CO2. N. gonorrhoeae can change its surface structures to avoid the immune system. It possesses several antigens, including pili, porins, and lipooligosaccharide, that help it attach to and infect host cells. Treatment of gonorrhea has become challenging due to increasing antimicrobial resistance.
Seminario: Biología Molecular
This document summarizes a study analyzing the molecular epidemiology of Salmonella Paratyphi A isolates in Yunnan, China. 349 isolates were collected from blood cultures, while 17 were from the environment and food. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used to analyze the isolates. Results showed high genetic diversity between isolates based on their PFGE patterns and sequence types. Antibiotic susceptibility testing found high resistance to nalidixic acid. The study concludes that S. Paratyphi A has evolved resistance to antibiotics while maintaining its ability to be transmitted, and that its proliferation is linked to poor sanitation and infrastructure.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae lecture iii term
A 20-year-old man presented with urethral discharge and dysuria for two days after unprotected sex with a commercial sex worker. A smear of pus showed Gram-negative diplococci inside polymorphs. Culture on Thayer-Martin medium was positive, leading to a diagnosis of gonorrhea. Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea, first described in 1879 from gonorrheal pus. Effective treatment requires rapid diagnosis, contact tracing, and appropriate antibiotic use to control spread and rising antibiotic resistance.
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This document discusses the genus Neisseria, focusing on Neisseria gonorrhoeae which causes gonorrhea. It describes the morphology, growth characteristics, antigenic structure, transmission, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of N. gonorrhoeae. Key points include: N. gonorrhoeae are gram-negative diplococci that grow best at 35-36C with 5-10% CO2; transmission occurs through sexual contact; symptoms vary depending on infection site but can include urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease; diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, biochemical tests and serology; and treatment guidelines are regularly updated due to increasing antibiotic resistance.
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Salmonellae bacteria are the causative agents of foodborne infections. There are over 20 species and types of Salmonella that can cause disease in humans. Salmonella are transmitted through contaminated food, especially meat, eggs, and water. Infection results in a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps. Laboratory techniques are used to diagnose Salmonella infections through culturing samples and identifying the bacteria. Treatment involves antibiotics while prevention focuses on food safety practices and controlling Salmonella in animals, food processing facilities, and carriers.
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Coccidiosis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genera Eimeria or Isospora that infect the intestinal tract. It causes damage to the intestinal mucosa and is an important disease affecting poultry and livestock production. Clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and decreased egg production. Treatment involves the use of anticoccidial drugs like ionophores, amprolium, sulphonamides, and quinolones. Proper management practices to control environmental contamination with parasite oocysts are also important to control coccidiosis on farms.
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The document discusses anti-fungal drugs that target the fungal cell membrane and cell wall biosynthesis. It provides an overview of fungal cell structure, focusing on the cell wall components of chitin and beta-glucans. It explains how drugs like echinocandins inhibit beta-glucan synthase to disrupt cell wall formation, and how azoles and terbinafine inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis in the cell membrane. The summary highlights the main cellular targets of anti-fungal drugs and how inhibiting key processes like chitin, beta-glucan, and ergosterol synthesis impacts fungal growth and viability.
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This document discusses the taxonomy, morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis and clinical significance of Chlamydia. It describes Chlamydia as intracellular bacteria that cause respiratory, enteric, and reproductive tract infections in animals and humans. Chlamydia have unique developmental cycles involving infectious elementary bodies and reproductive reticulate bodies. They are unable to generate ATP and are dependent on host cell metabolism. Chlamydial infections can cause diseases like enzootic abortion in ewes, feline chlamydiosis, and avian chlamydiosis.
Genus staphylococcus
This document provides information on the genus Staphylococcus. It discusses the morphology, classification, virulence factors, and diseases caused by Staphylococcus species. Some key points include:
- Staphylococcus is a genus of gram-positive bacteria that forms grapelike clusters and includes major human pathogens.
- Important virulence factors include toxins like alpha toxin, enterotoxins, and exfoliative toxins. Enzymes and surface proteins also contribute to pathogenesis.
- Major diseases caused by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus include mastitis, tick pyemia, exudative dermatitis, and botryomycosis in various animal
745_Mycoplasma.pptx
Mycoplasma pneumoniae are bacteria that can cause illness by damaging the lining of the respiratory system (throat, lungs, windpipe). People can have the bacteria in their nose or throat at one time or another without being ill. People spread Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacteria to others by coughing or sneezing.
Cararacterization of Salmonella Isangi possessing a CTX-M15 ESBL associated w...
Over an approximately 50-day period in 2015, an outbreak of CTX-M-15 extended spectrum β-lactamase-(ESBL)-possessing Salmonella Isangi occurred among 19 adult surgical patients and one healthcare worker (HCW) at a large urban tertiary care hospital in the United States. A total of 45 S. Isangi isolates were isolated from stool (35), blood (4), urine (3), respiratory (2), and wound (1) cultures. Phenotypically, all but three isolates demonstrated resistance to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, ceftriaxone, and cefepime, and one isolate was resistant to ertapenem. Genotypically, a single CTX-M-15 ESBL was identified in all but three isolates by real-time PCR. Interestingly, two of the CTX-M-15 negative, susceptible isolates were isolated from a single patient who initially had a CTX-M positive, resistant strain. Isolates were clonally related, including both resistant and susceptible strains, as confirmed by pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). This is the first case of a novel Salmonella outbreak at this hospital, and we believe it to be the first case of an S. Isangi serotype outbreak in the United States.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Se recalca que esta presentación no es mas que una explicación de el articulo hecho por los autores mencionados
Neisseria and Shigella
The presentation provide in depth knowledge about two of the most affecting bacteria to human health. They are Neisseria ( causing gonorrhea and Meningitis) and Shigella ( Diarrhea)
Cell wall deficient bacteria
This document discusses Mycoplasma and cell wall defective bacteria. It notes that Mycoplasma are the smallest viable organisms that can live independently and lack a cell wall. Four species are of medical importance in causing pneumonia, genitourinary infections, and lung disease in premature infants. Mycoplasma are difficult to culture due to their small size and lack of a cell wall. They require sterols and grow slowly. Pathogenic Mycoplasma can cause direct cell damage and cytotoxicity. Cell wall defective bacteria are bacterial mutants that lack complete cell walls. They include L-forms and spheroplasts and do not have the same genetic relationship as Mycoplasma.
3 staphylococcus.pdf
This document discusses Staphylococci bacteria, including their general features and important medical species. Staphylococci are gram-positive cocci that form grape-like clusters and are facultative anaerobes. Three medically important species are described: Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. saprophyticus. S. aureus is the most virulent and causes a variety of infections through various cell-associated and secreted virulence factors. Laboratory diagnosis involves culturing specimens on selective media and performing tests like catalase, coagulase, and DNase.
Salmonella and E.coli infection
All of information are taken from Internet, Book or from Journals.
Please use only in educational purposes .
Malaria-Mission Impossible
Malaria is the third leading cause of death due to infectious disease.
It affects 300- 500 million people annually worldwide and accounts for over 100 million deaths, mainly in African children under the age of 5 years. A child in Africa dies every 30 seconds of malaria.
Years of research and Millions of Dollars have been spend in the quest to eradicate this deadly infectious disease. The War is still on but is the mission impossible. This presentation was made during a graduate class to review the victories and the challenges so far in the treatment and vaccination against this disease.
More still need to be done but their seems to be light at the end of the tunnel.
Malaria is not inevitable, it can be eradicated, the mission is possible if only we devote ourselves to quality research and we never give-up. (Oseni Saheed Oluwasina (2013))
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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- 1. Maria Antonia Maya Ardila Tercer semestre Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana
- 2. INTRODUCTION: Salmonella Typhimurium Salmonella enterica is a gram- negative bacillus pathogenic species, which is ingested through contaminated food and water. It usually causes high fever, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea and vomiting.
- 3. INTRODUCTION: Spermidine: Spermidine is a poly-cationic and polyamine that participates in the virulence and motility of bacterias. Salmonella regulates spermidine transport and biosynthesis processes.
- 4. MAIN OBJECTIVE: “The main objective of this study is to discover the mechanism by which spermidine assists in the early stages of Salmonella pathogenesis”.
- 5. BACTERIAL GENE KNOCKOUT AND STRAIN GENERATION 1. 2. IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were created chromosomal knockout strains: STM ΔpotCD, STM ΔspeED, STM ΔpotCDΔspeED. The immunofluorescence was used to evaluate the expression of flagellin in the surface of Salmonella Typhimurium.
- 6. MATHERIAL AND METHODS 3. RNA ISOLATION AND QRT-PCR 4. IMMUNOBLOTTING Thanks to the immonublot they identified fimbrial proteins and regulatory proteins like FliA and GroEL in Salmonella Typhimurium surface. There were evaluated the gene expression levels of interest, like the ATP-dependent transport apparatus genes potA, potB, potC, and potD.
- 7. RESULTS: Mice intestine (Peyer patches). Adhesion to Caco 2 cells. a. b.
- 8. Expression of FliC in the surface. c. d. Evaluation of FliA and GroEL with and without spermidine supplementation
- 9. DISCUSSION:
- 10. CONCLUSIONS: Molecular biology was really useful to identify how the process of Salmonella virulence works, as it let us identify the key genes, proteins and structures that are involved in this process. This investigation was really useful to understand the importance of spermidine in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, as it let us know about the importance of spermidine in the motility and virulence of bacterias like Salmonella.
- 11. Es una bacteria , gram-negativa, no tifoidea de tipo bacilo. Es uno de los serotipos mas prevalentes. Partículas como la espermidina que ayuda en la motilidad Proteínas Se adhiere al íleon, para que posterior a esto se genere una migración transepitelial, invade células huésped y replicarse, ingresa a vasos linfáticos y sanguíneos para distribuirse por sangre Salmonella Typhimurium es patogenia produce Diarrea, cólicos, náuseas, vómitos, dolor de cabeza. se transmite por Alimentos y agua contaminada, vía feco-oral, estar en contacto con animales afectados gracias a dada por como Flagelinas Adhesinas