Inferential statistics are used to determine the
likelihood that a conclusion, based on the
analysis of the data from a sample, is true and
represents the population studied
• The two common forms of statistical
inference are:
1. Estimation
2. Null hypothesis tests of significance (NHTS)
•Estimation theory is a branch of statistics based on
measured/empirical data that has a random component
•In statistics, estimation refers to the process by which one
makes inferences about a population, based on information
obtained from a sample
•Estimation of a population parameter is to obtain a guess or
an estimate of unknown value of the parameter
•The estimation of the parameters of a statistical model is one
of the fundamental issue in statistics
•Choosing an appropriate estimator ,that is ‘best’ in one or
another respect, is an important task
OBJECTIVES- Describe the characteristics of
the normal distribution in statistical terms
• Explain the concept of a confidence interval
and how it relates to an estimated parameter
A point estimate of a population
parameteris a single value of a statistic
An interval estimate is defined by two
numbers, between which a population
parameterissaid to lie.
For example, the sample mean x is a point
estimateof the populationmean μ
For example, a < x < b is an interval
estimateof the populationmean p.
Similarly, the sample proportion p is a
point estimate of the population
proportion P.
It indicates that the population mean is
greaterthan a but less than b
2. • Inferential statistics are used to determine the
likelihood that a conclusion, based on the
analysis of the data from a sample, is true and
represents the population studied
• The two common forms of statistical
inference are:
1. Estimation
2. Null hypothesis tests of significance (NHTS)
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SCHOOL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,
C.S.J.M UNIVERSITY,KANPUR
3. ESTIMATION
•Estimation theory is a branch of statistics based on
measured/empirical data that has a random component
•In statistics, estimation refers to the process by which one
makes inferences about a population, based on information
obtained from a sample
•Estimation of a population parameter is to obtain a guess or
an estimate of unknown value of the parameter
•The estimation of the parameters of a statistical model is one
of the fundamental issue in statistics
•Choosing an appropriate estimator ,that is ‘best’ in one or
another respect, is an important task
SCHOOL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,
C.S.J.M UNIVERSITY,KANPUR
3
4. • OBJECTIVES- Describe the characteristics of
the normal distribution in statistical terms
• Explain the concept of a confidence interval
and how it relates to an estimated parameter
4
SCHOOL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,
C.S.J.M UNIVERSITY,KANPUR
5. POINT ESTIMATE v/s INTERVAL ESTIMATE
POINT ESTIMATE INTERVAL ESTIMATE (CONFIDANCE
INTERVAL)
A point estimate of a population
parameteris a single value of a statistic
An interval estimate is defined by two
numbers, between which a population
parameteris said to lie.
For example, the sample mean x is a point
estimateof the population mean μ
For example, a < x < b is an interval
estimateof the population mean p.
Similarly, the sample proportion p is a
point estimate of the population
proportionP.
It indicates that the population mean is
greater than a but less than b
5
SCHOOL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,
C.S.J.M UNIVERSITY,KANPUR
