THESE ARE CONTENTS OF THE BOOK ' TRANSITIONAL FORMS ( ASTONISHING LINKS BETWEEN SPECIES ' COVERING VERTEBRATE, ,INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS ,,PLANTS AND PROTISTA ,ALGAE FUNGI BACTERIA EVEN VIRUS THAT IS ALL KINGDOMS AND DOMAINS .
Santosh Ratan is a man from India. He has worked as an accountant for over 20 years in Mumbai. In his free time, he enjoys spending time with his family, gardening, and reading.
MANY ARCHAEA ARE EXTREMOPHILES SOME ARE HALOPHILIC, BUT SOME ARE HYPERHALOPHILIC ,SOME ARE ALKALOPHILIC SOME HYPER ALKALOPHILIC BUT SOME ARE DOUBLE EXTREMOPHILES BEING HYPER HALO ALKALIPHILIC LIKE NATRIALBA -A FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE WHICH IS EXOELECTROGEN AS WELL AND CAN PRODUCE ELECTRICITY IN SUNLIGHT AS WELL AS MFC .
MANY ARCHAEA & BACTERIA ARE EXTREMOPHILES BUT SOME ARCHAEA ARE HYPER THERMOPHILES LIKE SULFOLOBALES DISCOVERED FIRST IN SOLFATANA VOLCANO ITALY AND LATER IN MANY HOT SPRINGS AND HOT MUD POOLS
THEY HAVE SPECIAL STRUCTURE AND METABOLISM TO BE ABLE TO SURVIVE AT 70-85 C MAIN THING IS THEY CAN GENERATE ELECTRICITY EVEN AT 80 C IN MFC
INTERESTINGLY THEY HAVE BEEN SELECTED FOR SPACE TRIPS BY NASA .
CHLAMYDOMONAS IS A WONDERFUL ORGANISM KNOWN FOR ITS MANY FEATURES AND QUALITIES ;BUT THESE DAYS IT IS IN NEWS MAINLY FOR ITS ABILITY TO CONVERT LIGHT INTO ELECTRICITY DIRECTLY IN ITS
' EYE ' AND IN MFC ;HERE WE HAVE FOCUSED ON TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS OBTAINED FROM PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTIONS TO ANODES INMFC
EXOELECTROGENS ARE ELECTROACTIVE ORGANISMS CAPABLE OF TRANSFERING ELECTRONS OUTSIDE THEIR CELLS
PYROCOCCUS IS ONE SUCH MICROORGANISM -A HYPERTHERMOPHILE CAPABLE OF TRANSFERING ELECTRONS TO ANODES AND PRODUCE ELECTRICITY EVEN AT 90C IT IS A UNIQUE ORGANISM IN MANY RESPECTS
EXOELECTROGENS ARE CAPABLE OF EXPORTING ELECTRONS OUT OF THEIR CELLS AND HAVE GREAT AFFINITY WITH ELECTRODES;HENCE THEY TRANSFER EXCESS ELECTRONS PRODUCED DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS OR RESPIRATION .MANY BACTERIA AND ALGAE ARE ELECTRO ACTIVE AND MACRO ALGAE ARE ONE OF THEM AND HAVE BEEN FOUND TO BEMORE EFFICIENT THAN BACTERIA AS EVIDENT FROM THE EXPERIMENTS BY SHLODBERG ON ULVA.
EXO ELECTROGENIC SPECIES ARE FOUND IN MANY GENERA OF EUKARYOTIC AS WELL AS PROKARYOTIC ORGANISMS ;BUT BACTERIA ,PARTICULARLY CYANOBACTERIA AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUKAROTES LIKE ALGAE AREIN THE FOREFRONT - BOTH MICRO AMD MACRO ALGAE ARE BEING UTILISED WITH OR WITHOUT BACTERIA IN MFCs FOR TREARING POLLUTED WATER AND SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY -THE ADVANTAGE WITH ALGAE IS THEY SUCK IN CO2 AND GIVE OUT O2 AND ARE THUS
BETTER FOR ENVIRONMENT
NITZCHIA IS A LARGE GENUS OF DIATOMS WHICH INCLUDES BOTH FRESH WATER AND MARINE SPECIES -MANY TOXIC ALSO;BUT THEY ALSO SERVES AS GOOD BIOSENSORS MAINLY DUE TO THEIR BIOLUMINESCENT POROUS SILICON FRISTULE
DIATOMS LIKE NITZSCIA ARE ALSO PREFERRED DUE TO THEIR OIL PRODUCTION AND OTHER USES OF THEIR FRISTULE
EXOELECTROGENS ARE ORGANISMS
WHICH CAN RECEIVE ELECTRONS FROM DONARS AND CAN EXPORT
ELECTRONS OUTSIDE THE CELL OR CELLS
THE ELECTRONS PRODUCED DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS OR RESPIRATION AVAILABLE TO THEM CAN BE PASSED ON TO ELCTRON ACCEPTORS VIA ELECTRODES AND DURING THE PROCESS ELECTRICITY GETS GENERATED IN THE CIRCUIT .
THE CHALLENGE IS TO EXTRACT ELECTRONS AND USE THEM FOR POWER GENERATION AS WELL AS SIMULTANEOUSLY CLEAN POLLUTED WATER AND PRODUCE HYDROGEN ETC AND OTHER BY PRODUCTS .
Santosh Ratan is a man from India. He has worked as an accountant for over 20 years in Mumbai. In his free time, he enjoys spending time with his family, gardening, and reading.
MANY ARCHAEA ARE EXTREMOPHILES SOME ARE HALOPHILIC, BUT SOME ARE HYPERHALOPHILIC ,SOME ARE ALKALOPHILIC SOME HYPER ALKALOPHILIC BUT SOME ARE DOUBLE EXTREMOPHILES BEING HYPER HALO ALKALIPHILIC LIKE NATRIALBA -A FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE WHICH IS EXOELECTROGEN AS WELL AND CAN PRODUCE ELECTRICITY IN SUNLIGHT AS WELL AS MFC .
MANY ARCHAEA & BACTERIA ARE EXTREMOPHILES BUT SOME ARCHAEA ARE HYPER THERMOPHILES LIKE SULFOLOBALES DISCOVERED FIRST IN SOLFATANA VOLCANO ITALY AND LATER IN MANY HOT SPRINGS AND HOT MUD POOLS
THEY HAVE SPECIAL STRUCTURE AND METABOLISM TO BE ABLE TO SURVIVE AT 70-85 C MAIN THING IS THEY CAN GENERATE ELECTRICITY EVEN AT 80 C IN MFC
INTERESTINGLY THEY HAVE BEEN SELECTED FOR SPACE TRIPS BY NASA .
CHLAMYDOMONAS IS A WONDERFUL ORGANISM KNOWN FOR ITS MANY FEATURES AND QUALITIES ;BUT THESE DAYS IT IS IN NEWS MAINLY FOR ITS ABILITY TO CONVERT LIGHT INTO ELECTRICITY DIRECTLY IN ITS
' EYE ' AND IN MFC ;HERE WE HAVE FOCUSED ON TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS OBTAINED FROM PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTIONS TO ANODES INMFC
EXOELECTROGENS ARE ELECTROACTIVE ORGANISMS CAPABLE OF TRANSFERING ELECTRONS OUTSIDE THEIR CELLS
PYROCOCCUS IS ONE SUCH MICROORGANISM -A HYPERTHERMOPHILE CAPABLE OF TRANSFERING ELECTRONS TO ANODES AND PRODUCE ELECTRICITY EVEN AT 90C IT IS A UNIQUE ORGANISM IN MANY RESPECTS
EXOELECTROGENS ARE CAPABLE OF EXPORTING ELECTRONS OUT OF THEIR CELLS AND HAVE GREAT AFFINITY WITH ELECTRODES;HENCE THEY TRANSFER EXCESS ELECTRONS PRODUCED DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS OR RESPIRATION .MANY BACTERIA AND ALGAE ARE ELECTRO ACTIVE AND MACRO ALGAE ARE ONE OF THEM AND HAVE BEEN FOUND TO BEMORE EFFICIENT THAN BACTERIA AS EVIDENT FROM THE EXPERIMENTS BY SHLODBERG ON ULVA.
EXO ELECTROGENIC SPECIES ARE FOUND IN MANY GENERA OF EUKARYOTIC AS WELL AS PROKARYOTIC ORGANISMS ;BUT BACTERIA ,PARTICULARLY CYANOBACTERIA AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUKAROTES LIKE ALGAE AREIN THE FOREFRONT - BOTH MICRO AMD MACRO ALGAE ARE BEING UTILISED WITH OR WITHOUT BACTERIA IN MFCs FOR TREARING POLLUTED WATER AND SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY -THE ADVANTAGE WITH ALGAE IS THEY SUCK IN CO2 AND GIVE OUT O2 AND ARE THUS
BETTER FOR ENVIRONMENT
NITZCHIA IS A LARGE GENUS OF DIATOMS WHICH INCLUDES BOTH FRESH WATER AND MARINE SPECIES -MANY TOXIC ALSO;BUT THEY ALSO SERVES AS GOOD BIOSENSORS MAINLY DUE TO THEIR BIOLUMINESCENT POROUS SILICON FRISTULE
DIATOMS LIKE NITZSCIA ARE ALSO PREFERRED DUE TO THEIR OIL PRODUCTION AND OTHER USES OF THEIR FRISTULE
EXOELECTROGENS ARE ORGANISMS
WHICH CAN RECEIVE ELECTRONS FROM DONARS AND CAN EXPORT
ELECTRONS OUTSIDE THE CELL OR CELLS
THE ELECTRONS PRODUCED DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS OR RESPIRATION AVAILABLE TO THEM CAN BE PASSED ON TO ELCTRON ACCEPTORS VIA ELECTRODES AND DURING THE PROCESS ELECTRICITY GETS GENERATED IN THE CIRCUIT .
THE CHALLENGE IS TO EXTRACT ELECTRONS AND USE THEM FOR POWER GENERATION AS WELL AS SIMULTANEOUSLY CLEAN POLLUTED WATER AND PRODUCE HYDROGEN ETC AND OTHER BY PRODUCTS .
CYANOBACTERIA ARE ONE MOST OF THE MOST FAMOUS BACTERIA -KNOWN FROM PRECAMBIAN DAYS AND DISTINGUISHED AS MULTITASK MASTERS -EARLIER CONSIDERED RESPONSIBLE FOR OXYGENATED ATMOSPHERE WHERE AEROBICS FLOURISHED AND FOR NITROGEN FIXING ABILITIES BUT KNOW VALUED EQUALLY FOR THEIR CONVERTINF LIGHT ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY ;AND ALSO FOR CAPABILITY TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN AND ORGANICS LIKE ETHANOL ETC
SHEWANELLA - VERSATILE EXOELECTROGENIC FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE CAPABLE OF GENERATING ELECTRICITY BY REDUCING MANY METALS WHILE RESPIRING AND TRANSFERING ELECTRONS EXTRACELLULARLY
HENCE THEIR BIOFILMS AREUSED IN MFCs,MECs. ;KNOWN FOR THRIVING ON A VARIETY OF SUBSTRATES AND REDUCING MANY NOBLE METALS LIKE GOLD SILVER PLATINUM ETC ; ALSO CAPABLE OF PRODUCING HYDROGEN AND H2S; ALSO FAMOUS FOR BIOSYNTHESIS OF NANOPARICLES ;PRAISED FOR EFFICIENCY OF ITS NANOWIRES AND BIOFILMS ; CAN GENERATE ELECTRICITY FROM WASTE ALSO;HENCE SELECTED FOR DEEPSPACE RESEARCH -COULD SOLVE ASTRAUNOTS URINE DISPOSAL PROBLEM AS IT CAN MAKE IT REUSABLE WHILE PROVIDING POWER TO SATELLITE;IT IS ALSO INFAMOUS FOR SPOILING FOOD-FISH MEAT ETC AND CAUSING DISEASES IN HUMANS .
GEOBACTER IS ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS EXOELECTROGENIC BACTERIA WHICH WAS THE FIRST BACTERIUM DISCOVERED WITH CAPABLITY OF OXIDISING ORGANIC COMPONDS AND METALS( INCLUDING RADIOACTIVE METALS AND PETROLEUM COMPOUNDS )INTO CO2 USING IRONOXIDE ETC AS ELECTRON ACCEPTOR AND PRODUCING ELECTRIC CURRENT. ITHAS BEEN USED IN VARY MANY EXPERIMENTS TO TEST THE WONDERFUL QUALITIES, ABILITIES AND CAPABILITIES OF VERSATILE EXOELECTROGENS AND THEIR USE FOR BIOREMEDIATION AND BIOFUEL PRODUCTION., THEY ARE ALSO CAPABLE OF RESPIRING ON GRAPHITE ELECTRODES
EXOELECTROGENS ARE VERSATILE HEROES CAPABLE OF SIMULTANEOUSLY DELIVERING MULTIPLE BENEFITS TO US INVARIOUS FIELDS RANGING FROM BIOREMEDIATION TO ENERGY,ENVIRONMENT, SENSORS, CLEAN BIO FUELS DESALINATION,Etc AND ARE POISED TO SOLVE OUR WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEM EVEN IN SPACE.
ONE FEALS LIKE SALUTING THEM FOR THEIR MULTIPLE TALENTS.
THEY INCLUDE MAINLY BACTERIA BUT ALSO MICRO ALGAE, FUNGI,AND EVEN SOME ANGIOSPERMS .
EXOELECTROGENS ARE ORGANISMS WHICH ARE CAPABLE OF SENDING EXCESS ELECTRONS OUT OF THE CELL TO AN ULTIMATE ELECTRON ACCEPTOR . THE MOST FAMOUS EXOELECTROGENS INCLUDE GEOBACTER & SHEWANELLA BACTERIA. THEIR THESE QUALITIES ARE BEING USED IN MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS .
THEIR APPLICATION FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICITY FROM WASTEWATERS BIOREMEDIATION
CHAMPIONS OF THE PLANT KINGDOM - CONTENTS SNIP.docxSantoshBhatnagar1
HERE 'PLANT KINGDOM' HAS BEEN USED IN LARGER SENSE TO INCLUDE NOT ONLY PLANTAE BUT ALSO PROTISTA FUNGI BACTERIA AND LICHENS AND EXTENDED TO INCLUDE EVEN THE ENEMIES OF ALL LIVING BEINGS -THE VIRUSES .
CHAMPION FUNGI -PHELLINUS ELLIPSOIDEUS - LARGEST FRUITING BODY - SNIP PD.docxSantoshBhatnagar1
PHELLINUS ELLIPSOIDEUS PREFERS INFECTING DRYING OR DRY LOGS OF WOOD AND IS KNOWN FOR ITS UNUSUALLY LARGE FRUITING BODY WHICH HAS PROVED TO BE THE LARGEST IN THE WORLD
'AND IS CAPABLE OF RELEASING OR RATHER SHOWERING A TRILLION SPORES FROM MILLIONS OF PORES PER DAY.
VIRUSES ARE NOT CONSIDERED LIVING BEINGS BUT EVEN IF THEY WERE THEY WOULD NOT FIT IN ANY KINGDOM ;THEY ARE ACTUALLY ENEMIES OF ALL KINGDOMS OF LIVING BEINGS;
HENCE I WAS INITIALLY RELUCTENT TO INCLUDE THEM IN ABOOK ABOUT LIVING BEINGS BUT THEN I THOUGHT WITHOUT THEM THE STORY OF LIVING BEINGS IS NOT COMPLETE ;FURTHER THEY ARE NOT TREATED AS LIVING BY OUR DEFINITION OF LIFE AND LIVING BEINGS OTHERWISE THEY HAVE MANY CHARCTERISTICS OF BEINGS AND ARE WORTHY OF DUE CONSIDERATION AND FIT INTO OUR DEFINITION OF CHAMPIONS
AMONGST VIRUSES PITHO VIRUSESARE LARGEST AND MOST ANCIENT AND WITH MANY INTERESTING FEATURES .
Vishvakarma is a champion who has won many competitions. He is praised and prayed to as the ultimate champion. Another champion named Santosh 'Ratan' also competes.
IT IS INTERESTING TO KNOW THAT THERE ARE TWO CLAIMENTS FOR THE TITLE OF SMALLEST BACTERIA
AND BOTH ARE RIGHT IN THEIR OWN
WAY - MYCOPLASMA AS A PARASITE AND PELAGIBACTER AS A SELF SUFFICIENT ORGANISM .
BACTERIA ARE THEMSELVES MICROORGANISMS BUT THEY AREOF DIFFERENT SIZES AND MYCOPLASMA ARE SMALLEST PARASITIC BACTERIA;THEY ARE HOWEVER MORE KNOWN OR FEARED DUE TO THEIR PARASITIC NATURE.PARTICULARLY THEIR VARIETIES WHICH CAUSE SERIOUS DISEASES IN HUMANBEINGS.
LIKE YEAST THEY ARE ALSO ONE OF THE SMALLEST FUNGI ;THEIR DISTIGUISHING FEATURE IS THEIR REPRODUCTION BY MOTILE ZOOSPORES .
THEY ARE THE MOST ANCIENT FUNGI -CARRYING ON SINCE 1.5 BYA
YEAST IS ONE OF THE SMALLEST FUNGI KNOWN ;BUT IT IS UNLIKE TYPICAL FUNGI .ITS MAIN FEATURE IS ITS UNICELLULAR CHARACTER AND ITS ABILITY TO CAUSE FERMENTATION BY ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION ;AND THEREFORE ITS USE IN BEER &BREAD MAKING ;
ITS USE FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY IS ALSO EMERGING AS ANOTHER USEFUL FEATURE .FOR SCIENTISTS IT IS A MODEL ORGANISM FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH TO LEARN ABOUT INTRA CCELLULAR PROCESSES OF EUKARYOTES AND GENETICS
CHAMPION LILLIPUTS - ALGAE SMALLEST - B BIGELOII SNIP PD.docxSantoshBhatnagar1
ALGAE ARE SMALL ORGANISMS AS A WHOLE BUT b BIGELOII HAVE THE DISTINCTION OF BEING THE SMALLEST ;ITS FAME HOWEVER RESTS ONITS ABILITY TO EAT BACTERIA OF ALMOST THE SAME SIZE BY SEMI EXTRA CELLUALAR CYTOSIS .
IT IS A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF A UNIQUE SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN A FERN AND AND A BACTERIUM WHICH IS CONTINUING FRO MESOZOIC TIMES UNINTERRUPTED TILL DATE AND I S PASSED ON FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION VIA SPORES ;IT HAS BEEN VARIOUSLY CALLED PERFACT MARRIAGE OR INTIMATE FRIENDSHIP
IT IS ALL ABOUT A UNIQUE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A FERN AND A BACTERIA- A MILLIONSOF YEARS OLD RELATIONSHIP WHICH HAS CONTIUED UNINTERRUPTED FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION TILL DATE AND CONTINUED FROM BIRTH TO DEATH IN EACH GENERATION AND PASSED ON TO NEXT VIA SPORES .
CHAMPIONS ARE THOSE WHICH EXCEL IN SOME FIELD AND OUTBIDDING NEAREST RIVALS SHOWING THEY ARE THE BEST AND REACH THE TOP ;EXCELLENCE IS NOT THE PRESERVE OF THE TALLEST BIGGEST LARGESTOR HIGHEST -IT CAN BE EXHIBITED EVEN THE SMALLEST SHORTEST OR LIGHTEST;HERE INTERESTING EXAMPLES HAVE BEEN GIVEN FROM ALL TYPES DESCRIBING THEIR SPECIAL FEATURES AND CONSIDERING THEM CHAMPIONS ON THE BASIS OF SCIENTIFICALLY ESTABLISHED FACTS
IT IS ALL ABOUT AN UNUSUAL ALGA
UNICELLULAR BUT NOT SIMPLE
LOOKS LIKE A TINY PLANT WITH STEM LIKE STALK ROOT LIKE RHIZOIDS AND LEAF LIKE CAP ;A VERY LARGE SINGLE NUCLEUS IN RHIZOID ! WHAT A SURPRISE .
CHAMPION LIVING FOSSILS -META SEQOIA WOLLEMI PINE CYCAD SNIP PD.docxSantoshBhatnagar1
THESE LIVING FOSSILS ARE SURVIVING REPRESENTATIVES OF SPECIES WHICH FLOURISHED WORLD WIDE IN THE HEY DAYS OF DINOSAUR ERA IN MESOZOIC TIMES.
THEY ARE ALL BEAUTIFUL BUT WOLLEMI PINES HAVE BECOME SCARCE AND HARDLY FORTY HAVE BEEN LEFT NOW .
CYANOBACTERIA ARE ONE MOST OF THE MOST FAMOUS BACTERIA -KNOWN FROM PRECAMBIAN DAYS AND DISTINGUISHED AS MULTITASK MASTERS -EARLIER CONSIDERED RESPONSIBLE FOR OXYGENATED ATMOSPHERE WHERE AEROBICS FLOURISHED AND FOR NITROGEN FIXING ABILITIES BUT KNOW VALUED EQUALLY FOR THEIR CONVERTINF LIGHT ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY ;AND ALSO FOR CAPABILITY TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN AND ORGANICS LIKE ETHANOL ETC
SHEWANELLA - VERSATILE EXOELECTROGENIC FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE CAPABLE OF GENERATING ELECTRICITY BY REDUCING MANY METALS WHILE RESPIRING AND TRANSFERING ELECTRONS EXTRACELLULARLY
HENCE THEIR BIOFILMS AREUSED IN MFCs,MECs. ;KNOWN FOR THRIVING ON A VARIETY OF SUBSTRATES AND REDUCING MANY NOBLE METALS LIKE GOLD SILVER PLATINUM ETC ; ALSO CAPABLE OF PRODUCING HYDROGEN AND H2S; ALSO FAMOUS FOR BIOSYNTHESIS OF NANOPARICLES ;PRAISED FOR EFFICIENCY OF ITS NANOWIRES AND BIOFILMS ; CAN GENERATE ELECTRICITY FROM WASTE ALSO;HENCE SELECTED FOR DEEPSPACE RESEARCH -COULD SOLVE ASTRAUNOTS URINE DISPOSAL PROBLEM AS IT CAN MAKE IT REUSABLE WHILE PROVIDING POWER TO SATELLITE;IT IS ALSO INFAMOUS FOR SPOILING FOOD-FISH MEAT ETC AND CAUSING DISEASES IN HUMANS .
GEOBACTER IS ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS EXOELECTROGENIC BACTERIA WHICH WAS THE FIRST BACTERIUM DISCOVERED WITH CAPABLITY OF OXIDISING ORGANIC COMPONDS AND METALS( INCLUDING RADIOACTIVE METALS AND PETROLEUM COMPOUNDS )INTO CO2 USING IRONOXIDE ETC AS ELECTRON ACCEPTOR AND PRODUCING ELECTRIC CURRENT. ITHAS BEEN USED IN VARY MANY EXPERIMENTS TO TEST THE WONDERFUL QUALITIES, ABILITIES AND CAPABILITIES OF VERSATILE EXOELECTROGENS AND THEIR USE FOR BIOREMEDIATION AND BIOFUEL PRODUCTION., THEY ARE ALSO CAPABLE OF RESPIRING ON GRAPHITE ELECTRODES
EXOELECTROGENS ARE VERSATILE HEROES CAPABLE OF SIMULTANEOUSLY DELIVERING MULTIPLE BENEFITS TO US INVARIOUS FIELDS RANGING FROM BIOREMEDIATION TO ENERGY,ENVIRONMENT, SENSORS, CLEAN BIO FUELS DESALINATION,Etc AND ARE POISED TO SOLVE OUR WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEM EVEN IN SPACE.
ONE FEALS LIKE SALUTING THEM FOR THEIR MULTIPLE TALENTS.
THEY INCLUDE MAINLY BACTERIA BUT ALSO MICRO ALGAE, FUNGI,AND EVEN SOME ANGIOSPERMS .
EXOELECTROGENS ARE ORGANISMS WHICH ARE CAPABLE OF SENDING EXCESS ELECTRONS OUT OF THE CELL TO AN ULTIMATE ELECTRON ACCEPTOR . THE MOST FAMOUS EXOELECTROGENS INCLUDE GEOBACTER & SHEWANELLA BACTERIA. THEIR THESE QUALITIES ARE BEING USED IN MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS .
THEIR APPLICATION FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICITY FROM WASTEWATERS BIOREMEDIATION
CHAMPIONS OF THE PLANT KINGDOM - CONTENTS SNIP.docxSantoshBhatnagar1
HERE 'PLANT KINGDOM' HAS BEEN USED IN LARGER SENSE TO INCLUDE NOT ONLY PLANTAE BUT ALSO PROTISTA FUNGI BACTERIA AND LICHENS AND EXTENDED TO INCLUDE EVEN THE ENEMIES OF ALL LIVING BEINGS -THE VIRUSES .
CHAMPION FUNGI -PHELLINUS ELLIPSOIDEUS - LARGEST FRUITING BODY - SNIP PD.docxSantoshBhatnagar1
PHELLINUS ELLIPSOIDEUS PREFERS INFECTING DRYING OR DRY LOGS OF WOOD AND IS KNOWN FOR ITS UNUSUALLY LARGE FRUITING BODY WHICH HAS PROVED TO BE THE LARGEST IN THE WORLD
'AND IS CAPABLE OF RELEASING OR RATHER SHOWERING A TRILLION SPORES FROM MILLIONS OF PORES PER DAY.
VIRUSES ARE NOT CONSIDERED LIVING BEINGS BUT EVEN IF THEY WERE THEY WOULD NOT FIT IN ANY KINGDOM ;THEY ARE ACTUALLY ENEMIES OF ALL KINGDOMS OF LIVING BEINGS;
HENCE I WAS INITIALLY RELUCTENT TO INCLUDE THEM IN ABOOK ABOUT LIVING BEINGS BUT THEN I THOUGHT WITHOUT THEM THE STORY OF LIVING BEINGS IS NOT COMPLETE ;FURTHER THEY ARE NOT TREATED AS LIVING BY OUR DEFINITION OF LIFE AND LIVING BEINGS OTHERWISE THEY HAVE MANY CHARCTERISTICS OF BEINGS AND ARE WORTHY OF DUE CONSIDERATION AND FIT INTO OUR DEFINITION OF CHAMPIONS
AMONGST VIRUSES PITHO VIRUSESARE LARGEST AND MOST ANCIENT AND WITH MANY INTERESTING FEATURES .
Vishvakarma is a champion who has won many competitions. He is praised and prayed to as the ultimate champion. Another champion named Santosh 'Ratan' also competes.
IT IS INTERESTING TO KNOW THAT THERE ARE TWO CLAIMENTS FOR THE TITLE OF SMALLEST BACTERIA
AND BOTH ARE RIGHT IN THEIR OWN
WAY - MYCOPLASMA AS A PARASITE AND PELAGIBACTER AS A SELF SUFFICIENT ORGANISM .
BACTERIA ARE THEMSELVES MICROORGANISMS BUT THEY AREOF DIFFERENT SIZES AND MYCOPLASMA ARE SMALLEST PARASITIC BACTERIA;THEY ARE HOWEVER MORE KNOWN OR FEARED DUE TO THEIR PARASITIC NATURE.PARTICULARLY THEIR VARIETIES WHICH CAUSE SERIOUS DISEASES IN HUMANBEINGS.
LIKE YEAST THEY ARE ALSO ONE OF THE SMALLEST FUNGI ;THEIR DISTIGUISHING FEATURE IS THEIR REPRODUCTION BY MOTILE ZOOSPORES .
THEY ARE THE MOST ANCIENT FUNGI -CARRYING ON SINCE 1.5 BYA
YEAST IS ONE OF THE SMALLEST FUNGI KNOWN ;BUT IT IS UNLIKE TYPICAL FUNGI .ITS MAIN FEATURE IS ITS UNICELLULAR CHARACTER AND ITS ABILITY TO CAUSE FERMENTATION BY ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION ;AND THEREFORE ITS USE IN BEER &BREAD MAKING ;
ITS USE FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY IS ALSO EMERGING AS ANOTHER USEFUL FEATURE .FOR SCIENTISTS IT IS A MODEL ORGANISM FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH TO LEARN ABOUT INTRA CCELLULAR PROCESSES OF EUKARYOTES AND GENETICS
CHAMPION LILLIPUTS - ALGAE SMALLEST - B BIGELOII SNIP PD.docxSantoshBhatnagar1
ALGAE ARE SMALL ORGANISMS AS A WHOLE BUT b BIGELOII HAVE THE DISTINCTION OF BEING THE SMALLEST ;ITS FAME HOWEVER RESTS ONITS ABILITY TO EAT BACTERIA OF ALMOST THE SAME SIZE BY SEMI EXTRA CELLUALAR CYTOSIS .
IT IS A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF A UNIQUE SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN A FERN AND AND A BACTERIUM WHICH IS CONTINUING FRO MESOZOIC TIMES UNINTERRUPTED TILL DATE AND I S PASSED ON FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION VIA SPORES ;IT HAS BEEN VARIOUSLY CALLED PERFACT MARRIAGE OR INTIMATE FRIENDSHIP
IT IS ALL ABOUT A UNIQUE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A FERN AND A BACTERIA- A MILLIONSOF YEARS OLD RELATIONSHIP WHICH HAS CONTIUED UNINTERRUPTED FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION TILL DATE AND CONTINUED FROM BIRTH TO DEATH IN EACH GENERATION AND PASSED ON TO NEXT VIA SPORES .
CHAMPIONS ARE THOSE WHICH EXCEL IN SOME FIELD AND OUTBIDDING NEAREST RIVALS SHOWING THEY ARE THE BEST AND REACH THE TOP ;EXCELLENCE IS NOT THE PRESERVE OF THE TALLEST BIGGEST LARGESTOR HIGHEST -IT CAN BE EXHIBITED EVEN THE SMALLEST SHORTEST OR LIGHTEST;HERE INTERESTING EXAMPLES HAVE BEEN GIVEN FROM ALL TYPES DESCRIBING THEIR SPECIAL FEATURES AND CONSIDERING THEM CHAMPIONS ON THE BASIS OF SCIENTIFICALLY ESTABLISHED FACTS
IT IS ALL ABOUT AN UNUSUAL ALGA
UNICELLULAR BUT NOT SIMPLE
LOOKS LIKE A TINY PLANT WITH STEM LIKE STALK ROOT LIKE RHIZOIDS AND LEAF LIKE CAP ;A VERY LARGE SINGLE NUCLEUS IN RHIZOID ! WHAT A SURPRISE .
CHAMPION LIVING FOSSILS -META SEQOIA WOLLEMI PINE CYCAD SNIP PD.docxSantoshBhatnagar1
THESE LIVING FOSSILS ARE SURVIVING REPRESENTATIVES OF SPECIES WHICH FLOURISHED WORLD WIDE IN THE HEY DAYS OF DINOSAUR ERA IN MESOZOIC TIMES.
THEY ARE ALL BEAUTIFUL BUT WOLLEMI PINES HAVE BECOME SCARCE AND HARDLY FORTY HAVE BEEN LEFT NOW .
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.