2. Agenda
Introduction Properties of FS
Lasers
Operation of FS
Lasers
03
History of FS
Lasers
04
FS Lasers VS
Conventional
Methods
05
Advantages &
Disadvantages
06
02
01
01
3. Introduction
Femtosecond (FS) laser is an infrared
laser with a wavelength of 1053nm. It
works by producing photodisruption
or photoionization of the optically
transparent tissue such as the cornea.
FS laser has pulse duration in the
femtosecond range (10-15 second).
Reducing the pulse duration reduces
the amount of collateral tissue
damage.
4. Properties of Femtosecond lasers
● Passively mode-locked solid-state bulk lasers.
● Emit high-quality ultrashort pulses with typical
durations between 30 fs and 30 ps.
● Various diode-pumped lasers, e.g.
titanium:sapphire or ytterbium-doped crystal
lasers are used.
● Typical average output powers is between 100 mW
and 1 W
● The pulse repetition rate is in most cases between
50 MHz and 500 MHz used to create continuous
cut planes inside the tissue.
5. Suction is
applied on the
pupil
Cornea is
flattened using
a contact lens.
FS laser
treatment is
administered
Laser pulse
generates free
electrons
Operation of FS Lasers
Flap is lifted
with a spatula
for ablation
LASIK flap is
created
Multiple pulses
are applied
next to each
other
Formation of
microscopic gas
bubbles tissue
6.
7.
8. History of FS Lasers
LensXTM
The first commercial fs
laser designed for
cataract surgery in 2009
IntraLaseTM
The first commercially
available, FDA approved
fs-laser system for
ophthalmology was
launched in 2001 for
LASIK
VisuMax
Recent lasers have a 500-
kHz frequency, so the
flap is cut in about 10
seconds with relatively
low energy.
11. Advantages
Reduced incidence of flap complications like buttonholes, free
caps, irregular cuts etc
Greater surgeon choice as it provides control over flap diameter
and thickness, side cut angle, hinge position and length
Increased precision with improved flap safety and better
thickness predictability
Minimal thermal damage reducing the risk of collateral damage
and promoting faster healing
01
02
03
04
05 Absence of moving parts
12. Disadvantages
Increased cost
Need to acquire a new skill on the part of the surgeon
Increased difficulty in lifting the flap if retreatment is required
Unique complications like Opaque Bubble Layer (OBL),
Transient light sensitivity syndrome (TLSS), rainbow glare
01
02
03
04
