The Victoria Memorial Hall in Kolkata, India was built between 1906-1921 to commemorate Queen Victoria. It was designed by British architect William Emerson in the Indo-Saracenic style, blending British and Mughal elements. The memorial houses collections related to British rule in India and is considered one of the finest examples of Indo-British architecture. Today it is an important art museum and tourist destination in Kolkata.
Edwin Lutyens was a British architect known for his work in England and India in the early 20th century. Some of his notable works include country houses in England using vernacular styles, as well as large secular and civic buildings. However, his most famous work is the Viceroy's House (now called Rashtrapati Bhavan) in New Delhi, built from 1913-1930. It combines elements of Mughal, European, and Indian architectural styles into a massive 340 room structure that remains the largest residence of a head of state in the world.
The Victoria Memorial in Kolkata, India was constructed between 1906 and 1921 as a memorial to Queen Victoria. It was designed by Sir William Emerson in the Indo-Saracenic style, incorporating elements of Mughal architecture. The massive white marble building stands 184 feet tall and covers an area of 338 by 228 feet. Funding for construction came entirely from voluntary public subscriptions across India. The 64 acre gardens surrounding the memorial contain statues and monuments honoring British figures in India's history.
Development of colonial architecture in indiaRohit Surekh
Development of Colonial architecture in India – Dutch, Portuguese, French and British architectural influences in India: merging of local architecture with various Colonial styles
VICTORIA TERMINUS, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, MumbaiChandana R
The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, formerly known as Victoria Terminus, is a historic railway station located in Mumbai, India. It exhibits a fusion of Victorian Gothic Revival and traditional Indian architecture. Completed in 1887, it was designed by British architect Frederick Stevens and serves as an outstanding example of 19th century railway architecture, combining elements of Victorian Italianate style with Indian architectural influences. It has a remarkable stone dome, turrets, pointed arches, and an eccentric ground plan that is similar to traditional Indian palace architecture. The building was a collaboration between British architects and Indian craftsmen, forging a new architectural style unique to Bombay.
The Qutub complex was built in the late 12th century and includes several historic monuments from Delhi Sultanate dynasties. It contains the Qutub Minar, an over 70 meter tall tower built by Qutubuddin Aibak. The complex also includes the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque built using materials from demolished temples, the Alai Darwaza gate built by Alauddin Khalji, and tombs of Iltutmish and other sultans. The site demonstrates the evolution of Indo-Islamic architecture over two centuries under the Slave, Khalji, and Tughlaq dynasties.
The document summarizes Bengal provincial architecture from the 13th to 16th centuries. It describes how Arab invaders introduced Islamic architecture to the region in the 13th century, using local materials like brick. Key phases and structures are discussed, including the Adina Mosque built in the 14th century, and the Eklakhi Tomb which served as a prototype. Other important mosques from different time periods like the Tantipara and Bara Sona mosques are outlined. The document provides an overview of the evolution of architectural styles in Bengal as Islamic influences integrated with local building traditions.
Joseph Stein was an American architect who established a regional modern architecture style in California in the 1940s-1950s. He later moved to India in 1952 and designed several important buildings there. Some of his most notable works in India include the India International Centre (IIC) in Delhi and the Kashmir Conference Centre (KCC). For both projects, Stein carefully considered the local climate and context, incorporating traditional Indian architectural elements like jalis and courtyards into his modern designs to create harmonious buildings integrated with their natural surroundings.
Islamic Architecture in India: Imperial styleAr. TANIA BERA
The document discusses the evolution of Islamic architecture in India from the 12th to 16th centuries during the Delhi Sultanate period. It covers the major architectural developments and monuments constructed during the Slave, Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyid and Lodi dynasties. Key monuments mentioned include the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Qutb Minar, Alai Darwaza, tombs of Iltutmish and Sultan Ghari from the Slave dynasty, and Adhai Din Ka Jhopra mosque from the Khalji dynasty. Developments during the Tughlaq dynasty such as tombs of Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq,
Edwin Lutyens was a British architect known for his work in England and India in the early 20th century. Some of his notable works include country houses in England using vernacular styles, as well as large secular and civic buildings. However, his most famous work is the Viceroy's House (now called Rashtrapati Bhavan) in New Delhi, built from 1913-1930. It combines elements of Mughal, European, and Indian architectural styles into a massive 340 room structure that remains the largest residence of a head of state in the world.
The Victoria Memorial in Kolkata, India was constructed between 1906 and 1921 as a memorial to Queen Victoria. It was designed by Sir William Emerson in the Indo-Saracenic style, incorporating elements of Mughal architecture. The massive white marble building stands 184 feet tall and covers an area of 338 by 228 feet. Funding for construction came entirely from voluntary public subscriptions across India. The 64 acre gardens surrounding the memorial contain statues and monuments honoring British figures in India's history.
Development of colonial architecture in indiaRohit Surekh
Development of Colonial architecture in India – Dutch, Portuguese, French and British architectural influences in India: merging of local architecture with various Colonial styles
VICTORIA TERMINUS, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, MumbaiChandana R
The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, formerly known as Victoria Terminus, is a historic railway station located in Mumbai, India. It exhibits a fusion of Victorian Gothic Revival and traditional Indian architecture. Completed in 1887, it was designed by British architect Frederick Stevens and serves as an outstanding example of 19th century railway architecture, combining elements of Victorian Italianate style with Indian architectural influences. It has a remarkable stone dome, turrets, pointed arches, and an eccentric ground plan that is similar to traditional Indian palace architecture. The building was a collaboration between British architects and Indian craftsmen, forging a new architectural style unique to Bombay.
The Qutub complex was built in the late 12th century and includes several historic monuments from Delhi Sultanate dynasties. It contains the Qutub Minar, an over 70 meter tall tower built by Qutubuddin Aibak. The complex also includes the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque built using materials from demolished temples, the Alai Darwaza gate built by Alauddin Khalji, and tombs of Iltutmish and other sultans. The site demonstrates the evolution of Indo-Islamic architecture over two centuries under the Slave, Khalji, and Tughlaq dynasties.
The document summarizes Bengal provincial architecture from the 13th to 16th centuries. It describes how Arab invaders introduced Islamic architecture to the region in the 13th century, using local materials like brick. Key phases and structures are discussed, including the Adina Mosque built in the 14th century, and the Eklakhi Tomb which served as a prototype. Other important mosques from different time periods like the Tantipara and Bara Sona mosques are outlined. The document provides an overview of the evolution of architectural styles in Bengal as Islamic influences integrated with local building traditions.
Joseph Stein was an American architect who established a regional modern architecture style in California in the 1940s-1950s. He later moved to India in 1952 and designed several important buildings there. Some of his most notable works in India include the India International Centre (IIC) in Delhi and the Kashmir Conference Centre (KCC). For both projects, Stein carefully considered the local climate and context, incorporating traditional Indian architectural elements like jalis and courtyards into his modern designs to create harmonious buildings integrated with their natural surroundings.
Islamic Architecture in India: Imperial styleAr. TANIA BERA
The document discusses the evolution of Islamic architecture in India from the 12th to 16th centuries during the Delhi Sultanate period. It covers the major architectural developments and monuments constructed during the Slave, Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyid and Lodi dynasties. Key monuments mentioned include the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Qutb Minar, Alai Darwaza, tombs of Iltutmish and Sultan Ghari from the Slave dynasty, and Adhai Din Ka Jhopra mosque from the Khalji dynasty. Developments during the Tughlaq dynasty such as tombs of Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq,
The Mughal period in India was established by the Mughal dynasty in the early 16th century and lasted until the mid-18th century. The Mughal style of architecture developed under the patronage of Mughal emperors and blended Persian, Indian and provincial styles. Important structures like Humayun's Tomb, Fatehpur Sikri, Taj Mahal, Agra Fort and Delhi's Red Fort featured this style, characterized by massive arched entrances, symmetrical layouts, domes, minarets and intricate decorations blending marble and stone. The Mughal period marked a revival of Islamic architecture in India.
The document discusses the Provincial Style of Indo-Islamic Architecture, which encompasses architectural developments in various provincial capitals in India between the 12th-17th centuries. It provides examples and details of provincial styles that developed in regions such as Bengal, Gujarat, Jaunpur, Malwa, and Bijapur. For each region, significant architectural structures are described, such as the Jami Masjid mosques in Ahmedabad and Champanir in Gujarat, the Atala Masjid and Jami Masjid in Jaunpur, mosques and tombs in Mandu in Malwa, and the Deccani style prominent in Bijapur.
The document discusses the architecture of Mumbai (formerly Bombay), India from the colonial era to present. It summarizes the key architectural styles that influenced Mumbai's buildings - Gothic, Victorian, and Indo-Saracenic. Some notable examples of buildings highlighted include Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus), known for its blend of Victorian Gothic and Indian styles; Watson's Hotel, one of India's oldest cast iron buildings; the Gateway of India, a monument built in the Indo-Saracenic style; and the iconic Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, known for its domes and blending of Islamic and Indian architecture. Overall, the document shows how Mumbai's architecture was shaped
The Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram datable to the late 7th century is notable for its location on the seashore. It is a five-storey structural Hindu temple, the earliest important structural temple in Southern India, built on a 50 foot square platform with a pyramidal structure rising 60 feet high. Though similar in style to the Dharmaraja Ratha, it differs in being a fully structural temple rather than rock-cut, about 3-4 times the size of the Dharmaraja Ratha with a triple structure adding rear and front shrines.
The Mysore Palace is located in Mysore, India and served as the official residence of the Wadiyar dynasty for over 600 years until 1950. It is a large and opulent palace built in the Indo-Saracenic style, incorporating elements of Hindu, Islamic, and Gothic architecture. Notable features include arches, domes, balconies, and a central tower. The palace was destroyed by fire in 1897 but was rebuilt on the same site and now houses a museum with artifacts from the royal family's possessions.
Fatehpur Sikri was founded in 1569 by Mughal emperor Akbar as the capital of the Mughal Empire, located about 37 km from Agra. It was the first planned city of the Mughals, designed according to a grid plan with architectural styles fusing Islamic, Hindu, and Jain elements. The city's major complexes included the Sacred Complex containing the Jami Masjid mosque and tomb of Sufi saint Salim Chishti, and the Royal Complex with palaces, courts, and other buildings. Fatehpur Sikri was abandoned in 1585 due to water shortages but remains an important archaeological site showcasing Akbar's vision of religious harmony
The Red Fort in Delhi was constructed in the 17th century as the residence of the Mughal emperors. It has red sandstone walls surrounding an area of over 250 acres and features a number of ornate buildings like the Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khas, and royal apartments. The fort was the center of the Mughal administrative capital and showcases the zenith of Mughal architecture, art, and planning during Shah Jahan's reign. It is now a historical monument and houses museums.
A new style of architecture was flourished in India; called the Indo-Islamic architecture which is an amalgamation of Islamic and Hindu Style. As per Islamic philosophy, the worship is performed as congregational prayer in mosques and construction of tomb was followed for burial purpose; the fort and palaces were also part of this style of architecture. Islamic architecture focuses architectural elements, decoration, spiritual foundations, and construction materials.
The document discusses the contributions of the Maratha reign to residential architecture in India. It introduces the Wada architecture style, which featured large courtyard buildings arranged around open spaces. Wadas housed many families or single wealthy families. They evolved under the Peshwa reign by combining features from Mughal, Rajasthani, and Gujarati architecture with local techniques. The document also examines fort architecture, describing different types of forts built for defense like hill forts, land forts, forest forts, and sea forts. It provides details on the construction of hill forts and land forts.
The National Gallery of Modern Art is located in Jaipur House near India Gate in New Delhi. It is open daily from 10 AM to 5 PM except Mondays and national holidays. Entry is free for children and students, Rs. 20 for Indian nationals, and Rs. 500 for foreign nationals. The gallery was established in 1954 and houses around 4,000 paintings, graphics, and sculptures of modern Indian artists. It organizes special exhibitions and educational programs.
The document discusses the evolution of architecture in India under British colonial rule from the 16th century to India's independence in 1947. It describes the initial functional buildings constructed by the British as traders and the later grand neoclassical and Indo-Saracenic styles used to assert power and dominance over Indian rulers. Major cities like Mumbai, Calcutta, and Delhi saw the development of British architecture and urban planning. The bungalow became a symbol of the British Raj. After independence, British architectural influence gradually declined.
This document provides brief histories of several important architectural sites from Bengal, including the Adina Mosque, Chamkatti Masjid, Dakhil Darwaja gateway, Firoz Minar tower, Kotwali Darwaja gateway, Lottan Masjid, Qadam Rasul Masjid, Tantipara Masjid, EklaKhi Mausoleum, and Qutub Sahi Masjid. The Adina Mosque, built in 1369 AD, is highlighted as the most remarkable existing example of Muslim architecture from that period in Bengal. The other sites are described as significant examples of regional Islamic architecture from the 15th century or earlier, incorporating local styles along with Islamic influences.
Jama masjid is the largest mosque in India.
Originally called Masjid-i-Jahanuma, or "mosque commanding view of the world“.
It was based on the plan and design of Ostad Khalil .
It can be called as the replica of Moti Masjid in Agra.
It is one of the finest mosque in the world.
It is a congregational mosque.
Casestudy on National Museum , New DelhiDivya Mishra
The National Museum in New Delhi is located near major transportation hubs like the Central Secretariat metro station and Indira Gandhi International Airport. It is surrounded by important government buildings and has stone sculptures, paintings, and landscaping around it. The three-floor museum contains numerous exhibition spaces, as well as an auditorium, library, offices, and conservation laboratory. Special lighting and flooring designs were used in different galleries. While the building utilized reinforced concrete and red sandstone, it lacked sufficient parking and had poor fire exit accessibility.
This presentation is prepared by Mustakim Lakdawala and Foram Parmar. in this presentation, we have concentrated with heritage and conservation perticular with this case, like present condition, planning, problems, solution, suggestion etc. go through it for detailed knowledge. Thank You
The document discusses Indo-Islamic architecture in Gujarat between 1300-1572 AD. It flourished under the Ahmed Shahi dynasty for 250 years, combining local Hindu and Jain architectural styles with Islamic elements. Many early mosques and tombs were built using materials from demolished temples. The architecture can be divided into three periods, with the third period under Sultan Mahmud I considered the peak. Important structures from each period are described like the Jami Masjids of Bharuch, Cambay, Ahmedabad, and the grand Sarkhej Rouza complex. The local builders' skills allowed them to adapt Hindu structural techniques like corbelled domes to mosque design.
This document summarizes the architectural history of colonial buildings in Kolkata, India from the 18th-21st centuries. It describes several iconic buildings like the Writer's Building, Raj Bhavan, Indian Museum, and Victoria Memorial that were constructed in the Neoclassical, Baroque, and Indo-Saracenic styles. It also mentions how the architectural styles evolved over time from English colonial architecture to incorporate more local Indian elements, and emerging Art Deco structures in the early 20th century.
A comprehensive presentation on Mughal Architecture present in the Indian Subcontinent in the countries of India & Pakistan. It includes almost all of its architectural features and where it derives from. Includes almost all the important landmarks built by the Mughals themselves.
Copyright (C) 2021 - 2022 Ishan Ketan Bhavsar
TO BE USED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY
AkshArdhAm temple is a large Hindu temple complex located in Delhi, India. It was built in 2005 according to ancient Hindu architectural texts and features intricately carved stonework without any steel. The complex includes exhibitions on Hindu spiritual figures, an IMAX theatre, a musical fountain, and large gardens. It attracts around 70% of Delhi's tourists and displays centuries of Indian culture and spirituality through its architectural design and multimedia presentations.
The Victoria Memorial is a large marble building in Kolkata built between 1906 and 1921 to commemorate Queen Victoria. It has an Indo-Saracenic architectural style that blends British and Mughal elements. The memorial has 25 galleries displaying artifacts and is one of the most popular tourist sites in Kolkata, receiving around 3.5 million visitors annually. Its 57-acre gardens surrounding the building are also a major attraction.
The Victoria Terminus (now Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus) railway station in Mumbai is a prime example of Indo-Saracenic architecture. Designed by Frederick William Stevens in 1878, it blends elements of Victorian Italianate Gothic Revival architecture with traditional Indian architecture styles. Key features include its high vaulted entrances, pointed arches, central dome, turrets, and long platform and train shed structure emulating a traditional Indian palace layout. The dome's dovetailed ribs constructed without centering was an engineering achievement.
The Mughal period in India was established by the Mughal dynasty in the early 16th century and lasted until the mid-18th century. The Mughal style of architecture developed under the patronage of Mughal emperors and blended Persian, Indian and provincial styles. Important structures like Humayun's Tomb, Fatehpur Sikri, Taj Mahal, Agra Fort and Delhi's Red Fort featured this style, characterized by massive arched entrances, symmetrical layouts, domes, minarets and intricate decorations blending marble and stone. The Mughal period marked a revival of Islamic architecture in India.
The document discusses the Provincial Style of Indo-Islamic Architecture, which encompasses architectural developments in various provincial capitals in India between the 12th-17th centuries. It provides examples and details of provincial styles that developed in regions such as Bengal, Gujarat, Jaunpur, Malwa, and Bijapur. For each region, significant architectural structures are described, such as the Jami Masjid mosques in Ahmedabad and Champanir in Gujarat, the Atala Masjid and Jami Masjid in Jaunpur, mosques and tombs in Mandu in Malwa, and the Deccani style prominent in Bijapur.
The document discusses the architecture of Mumbai (formerly Bombay), India from the colonial era to present. It summarizes the key architectural styles that influenced Mumbai's buildings - Gothic, Victorian, and Indo-Saracenic. Some notable examples of buildings highlighted include Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus), known for its blend of Victorian Gothic and Indian styles; Watson's Hotel, one of India's oldest cast iron buildings; the Gateway of India, a monument built in the Indo-Saracenic style; and the iconic Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, known for its domes and blending of Islamic and Indian architecture. Overall, the document shows how Mumbai's architecture was shaped
The Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram datable to the late 7th century is notable for its location on the seashore. It is a five-storey structural Hindu temple, the earliest important structural temple in Southern India, built on a 50 foot square platform with a pyramidal structure rising 60 feet high. Though similar in style to the Dharmaraja Ratha, it differs in being a fully structural temple rather than rock-cut, about 3-4 times the size of the Dharmaraja Ratha with a triple structure adding rear and front shrines.
The Mysore Palace is located in Mysore, India and served as the official residence of the Wadiyar dynasty for over 600 years until 1950. It is a large and opulent palace built in the Indo-Saracenic style, incorporating elements of Hindu, Islamic, and Gothic architecture. Notable features include arches, domes, balconies, and a central tower. The palace was destroyed by fire in 1897 but was rebuilt on the same site and now houses a museum with artifacts from the royal family's possessions.
Fatehpur Sikri was founded in 1569 by Mughal emperor Akbar as the capital of the Mughal Empire, located about 37 km from Agra. It was the first planned city of the Mughals, designed according to a grid plan with architectural styles fusing Islamic, Hindu, and Jain elements. The city's major complexes included the Sacred Complex containing the Jami Masjid mosque and tomb of Sufi saint Salim Chishti, and the Royal Complex with palaces, courts, and other buildings. Fatehpur Sikri was abandoned in 1585 due to water shortages but remains an important archaeological site showcasing Akbar's vision of religious harmony
The Red Fort in Delhi was constructed in the 17th century as the residence of the Mughal emperors. It has red sandstone walls surrounding an area of over 250 acres and features a number of ornate buildings like the Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khas, and royal apartments. The fort was the center of the Mughal administrative capital and showcases the zenith of Mughal architecture, art, and planning during Shah Jahan's reign. It is now a historical monument and houses museums.
A new style of architecture was flourished in India; called the Indo-Islamic architecture which is an amalgamation of Islamic and Hindu Style. As per Islamic philosophy, the worship is performed as congregational prayer in mosques and construction of tomb was followed for burial purpose; the fort and palaces were also part of this style of architecture. Islamic architecture focuses architectural elements, decoration, spiritual foundations, and construction materials.
The document discusses the contributions of the Maratha reign to residential architecture in India. It introduces the Wada architecture style, which featured large courtyard buildings arranged around open spaces. Wadas housed many families or single wealthy families. They evolved under the Peshwa reign by combining features from Mughal, Rajasthani, and Gujarati architecture with local techniques. The document also examines fort architecture, describing different types of forts built for defense like hill forts, land forts, forest forts, and sea forts. It provides details on the construction of hill forts and land forts.
The National Gallery of Modern Art is located in Jaipur House near India Gate in New Delhi. It is open daily from 10 AM to 5 PM except Mondays and national holidays. Entry is free for children and students, Rs. 20 for Indian nationals, and Rs. 500 for foreign nationals. The gallery was established in 1954 and houses around 4,000 paintings, graphics, and sculptures of modern Indian artists. It organizes special exhibitions and educational programs.
The document discusses the evolution of architecture in India under British colonial rule from the 16th century to India's independence in 1947. It describes the initial functional buildings constructed by the British as traders and the later grand neoclassical and Indo-Saracenic styles used to assert power and dominance over Indian rulers. Major cities like Mumbai, Calcutta, and Delhi saw the development of British architecture and urban planning. The bungalow became a symbol of the British Raj. After independence, British architectural influence gradually declined.
This document provides brief histories of several important architectural sites from Bengal, including the Adina Mosque, Chamkatti Masjid, Dakhil Darwaja gateway, Firoz Minar tower, Kotwali Darwaja gateway, Lottan Masjid, Qadam Rasul Masjid, Tantipara Masjid, EklaKhi Mausoleum, and Qutub Sahi Masjid. The Adina Mosque, built in 1369 AD, is highlighted as the most remarkable existing example of Muslim architecture from that period in Bengal. The other sites are described as significant examples of regional Islamic architecture from the 15th century or earlier, incorporating local styles along with Islamic influences.
Jama masjid is the largest mosque in India.
Originally called Masjid-i-Jahanuma, or "mosque commanding view of the world“.
It was based on the plan and design of Ostad Khalil .
It can be called as the replica of Moti Masjid in Agra.
It is one of the finest mosque in the world.
It is a congregational mosque.
Casestudy on National Museum , New DelhiDivya Mishra
The National Museum in New Delhi is located near major transportation hubs like the Central Secretariat metro station and Indira Gandhi International Airport. It is surrounded by important government buildings and has stone sculptures, paintings, and landscaping around it. The three-floor museum contains numerous exhibition spaces, as well as an auditorium, library, offices, and conservation laboratory. Special lighting and flooring designs were used in different galleries. While the building utilized reinforced concrete and red sandstone, it lacked sufficient parking and had poor fire exit accessibility.
This presentation is prepared by Mustakim Lakdawala and Foram Parmar. in this presentation, we have concentrated with heritage and conservation perticular with this case, like present condition, planning, problems, solution, suggestion etc. go through it for detailed knowledge. Thank You
The document discusses Indo-Islamic architecture in Gujarat between 1300-1572 AD. It flourished under the Ahmed Shahi dynasty for 250 years, combining local Hindu and Jain architectural styles with Islamic elements. Many early mosques and tombs were built using materials from demolished temples. The architecture can be divided into three periods, with the third period under Sultan Mahmud I considered the peak. Important structures from each period are described like the Jami Masjids of Bharuch, Cambay, Ahmedabad, and the grand Sarkhej Rouza complex. The local builders' skills allowed them to adapt Hindu structural techniques like corbelled domes to mosque design.
This document summarizes the architectural history of colonial buildings in Kolkata, India from the 18th-21st centuries. It describes several iconic buildings like the Writer's Building, Raj Bhavan, Indian Museum, and Victoria Memorial that were constructed in the Neoclassical, Baroque, and Indo-Saracenic styles. It also mentions how the architectural styles evolved over time from English colonial architecture to incorporate more local Indian elements, and emerging Art Deco structures in the early 20th century.
A comprehensive presentation on Mughal Architecture present in the Indian Subcontinent in the countries of India & Pakistan. It includes almost all of its architectural features and where it derives from. Includes almost all the important landmarks built by the Mughals themselves.
Copyright (C) 2021 - 2022 Ishan Ketan Bhavsar
TO BE USED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY
AkshArdhAm temple is a large Hindu temple complex located in Delhi, India. It was built in 2005 according to ancient Hindu architectural texts and features intricately carved stonework without any steel. The complex includes exhibitions on Hindu spiritual figures, an IMAX theatre, a musical fountain, and large gardens. It attracts around 70% of Delhi's tourists and displays centuries of Indian culture and spirituality through its architectural design and multimedia presentations.
The Victoria Memorial is a large marble building in Kolkata built between 1906 and 1921 to commemorate Queen Victoria. It has an Indo-Saracenic architectural style that blends British and Mughal elements. The memorial has 25 galleries displaying artifacts and is one of the most popular tourist sites in Kolkata, receiving around 3.5 million visitors annually. Its 57-acre gardens surrounding the building are also a major attraction.
The Victoria Terminus (now Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus) railway station in Mumbai is a prime example of Indo-Saracenic architecture. Designed by Frederick William Stevens in 1878, it blends elements of Victorian Italianate Gothic Revival architecture with traditional Indian architecture styles. Key features include its high vaulted entrances, pointed arches, central dome, turrets, and long platform and train shed structure emulating a traditional Indian palace layout. The dome's dovetailed ribs constructed without centering was an engineering achievement.
The Victoria Memorial is located in Kolkata, West Bengal and was built between 1906 and 1921 by Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India, to commemorate Queen Victoria. It was designed in the Indo-Saracenic revivalist style by architects William Emerson and Vincent Esch. Now a museum and tourist site, the Victoria Memorial features 25 galleries and 64 acres of gardens.
Victorian architecture is characterized by the period of change between the mid-1800s to early 1900s in England. This era saw changes in technology, literature, art, women's rights, religion, fashion, and social structures. This sense of change was reflected heavily in the architectural styles of the period. Some popular Victorian styles included Jacobethan, Renaissance Revival, Neo-Grec, Romanesque Revival, Second Empire, Queen Anne, and Gothic Revival. These styles were also influential in architecture in colonial India, often fused with local Mughal and Indian elements in a style known as Indo-Saracenic. Major buildings exhibiting Victorian architecture were constructed in the cities of Kolkata, Delhi, Jaipur
The document discusses architecture in colonial India, specifically focusing on the Indo-Saracenic style that emerged and some of its prominent examples. It introduced how British colonial rule lasted over three centuries and had a significant impact on Indian architecture. This led to the development of the Indo-Saracenic style, which combined Western, Islamic and Hindu elements. Some notable buildings constructed in this style included St. Paul's Cathedral in Kolkata, the Town Hall in Mumbai, the Senate House of the University of Madras, and the Victoria Memorial Hall in Kolkata. It also discusses the architect Sir Edwin Lutyens and his role in designing New Delhi.
The document discusses the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. It was designed in the Palladian style by architects including Aston Webb in the late 19th century. The museum houses over 4.5 million objects from its founding in 1857 and serves as both an artwork collection and place of education and research in design and art. It reflects the spirit of its time through its Palladian architecture and emphasis on arts education.
Development of colonial architecture in indiaPawan Singh
The document provides details on the development of colonial architecture in India during the British Colonial Era from 1615 to 1947 and the Portuguese rule from 1498 to 1961. It describes some of the prominent architectural structures built during these periods like the Victoria Memorial in Kolkata, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai, Gateway of India in Mumbai, St Andrews Kirk in Chennai, Se Cathedral in Old Goa, and the Husainabad Clock Tower in Lucknow. It highlights the fusion of European architectural styles like Gothic, Renaissance with traditional Indian elements in the design of these buildings.
The Victoria Memorial in Kolkata was designed by Sir William Emerson as a tribute to Queen Victoria, combining Mughal architectural styles. It opened in 1921 as both a tourist attraction and museum housing exhibits from British colonial rule in India. The massive white marble structure features a bronze statue of Queen Victoria out front and allegorical statues atop the dome, including a 4.5 ton statue of the Angel of Victory that rotates in high winds.
Sir Charles Barry was an English architect known for designing buildings in the Gothic Revival style. He designed several notable buildings including the Palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament) in London, the Manchester Art Gallery, and Halifax Town Hall. For the Palace of Westminster, Barry collaborated with Augustus Pugin and drew inspiration from the Perpendicular Gothic style popular in the 15th century. The project took 30 years to complete and established Barry as one of the leading architects of his time.
Architecture and monuments of kolkata 1Hira Prasad
The Prince Royal's College, Junior Section, Thailand, Seoul Choongmoo Elementary School, Republic of Korea and Birla High School Junior Section, Kolkata---Global Project--History, Architecture and Monuments of Respective Cities.
The document provides information on various historical styles of furniture and architecture from the Classical Revival period to Eclecticism. It discusses the characteristics of Classical Revival furniture which featured formal symmetrical designs and geometric shapes. It also describes Shaker furniture which was simple and functional with innovative joinery and emphasis on quality. The Gothic Revival saw Gothic architecture adopted for its association with faith, spreading across England. Eclecticism was a time of mixing various styles for fashion and association, with architects choosing styles for their symbolic meanings.
The document provides information about the city of Kolkata, India. It discusses the etymology of the city's name and highlights that it is known as the "City of Joy". It also notes that Kolkata is home to top educational institutions. The document then describes Kolkata's climate and provides a timeline of historical buildings and structures in the city including Writer's Building, Raj Bhavan, the Indian Museum, St. Paul's Cathedral, the General Post Office and Victoria Memorial Hall.
The document summarizes the Victoria & Albert Museum in London. It describes the museum as the national museum of art and design founded in 1852 to make art accessible to the public. The museum covers 10 square kilometers and houses exquisite exhibits from across the world and centuries, including sculpture, ceramics, glass, furniture, and photography. Some highlights mentioned include a 11-meter glass chandelier, the Becket Casket from 1180, artifacts from Shah Jehan's rule, and Tipu's Tiger from 1790.
The document discusses case studies of several museums including the Lahore Museum in Pakistan. It provides details on the Lahore Museum's history, including that it was originally established in 1865 and its current building was designed by Sir Ganga Ram. It houses artifacts from many regions and its collections include modern paintings, arts, and objects representing the cultural history of the Subcontinent. The document also briefly mentions the Lok Virsa Museum in Islamabad and the Prince of Wales Museum in India.
Westminster Abbey is a large Gothic church located in London that has historically served as the traditional place for coronations and burials of British monarchs. Some key aspects of the Abbey include its large pipe organ built in 1937, a ring of 10 bells installed in 1971, and the Chapter House built in the 13th century. The Abbey also functions as a site for royal weddings and houses the shrine of St Edward the Confessor, along with the tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I.
King's College Chapel in Cambridge, England is one of the oldest colleges at the university. Construction on the chapel began in 1446 and took nearly a century to complete. Built in the Perpendicular Gothic style, the chapel has a simple rectangular shape and features the world's largest fan vault ceiling. It also contains a highly decorated interior with stained glass windows and architectural details. The chapel remains one of the finest examples of Gothic architecture in England.
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Nature of the task 1. write a paragraph about your trip to dubai and what ar...solutionaia
1. write a paragraph about your trip to dubai and what are the facts responsible for the heavy rainfall in dubai that caused havec ?
2. mention any five major tourist attaction of dubai
Mathematics: a student a visit her family her father converted Rs. 1,15,000 inr currency for dubai airport theexpedite in the trip is given below
1. Curreny name of India and dubai
2. Conversions amount
3. Total Converted amount
4. cost of food
5. cost of sightseeing
6. cost of shoping
7. cost of saving
2. The Victoria Memorial Hall was erected in Calcutta, the
then capital of British India, to commemorate Queen
Victoria. The project was conceived by Lord Curzon,
Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905, who intended it to be
a period museum in memory of the queen with
particular emphasis on Indo-British history. Built on a
57-acre land and designed by Sir William Emerson (the
then President of the Royal Institute of British
Architecture), the splendour of the Memorial is evident
in its architecture, which is predominantly Italian
Renaissance in character, blended with nuances of
Orientalism. Widely hailed as the finest specimen of
Indo-British architecture in India, and often referred to
as the ‘Taj of the Raj,’ the Victoria Memorial Hall had its
foundation stone laid by the Prince of Wales in January
1906 and formally opened to the public in 1921. It was
declared an institution of National importance by the
Government of India Act of 1935. Today, the Victoria
Memorial Hall is considered to be one of the best
examples of a unique paradigm of the visual arts where
four diverse fields of arts – architecture, sculpture,
painting and gardening come together.
3. THE CITY
History
• It was the capital of British India from 1772-1911 (140 Years)
• It is the only metropolis in Eastern India
Economic Profile
• The importance of Kolkata as a trading centre was first
recognized by the British East India Company in the 17th
century
• Kolkata is the main business, commercial and financial hub of
eastern part of India
• It is a major port, and the only city in the region to have an
international airport
Socio-Cultural Profile
• It is a truly cosmopolitan city and is home to more than 15
different communities including international communities like
Chinese, Armenians
• Kolkata is widely regarded as the birthplace of modern Indian
literary and artistic thought
5. Indo Saracenic Revival
Architecture - Architectural
style movement by British
architects in the late 19th
century in British India. It
drew elements from native
Indo-Islamic and Indian
architecture, and combined
it with the Gothic revival and
neo-classical styles favoured
in Victorian Britain.
THE STYLE
7. • Onion (bulbous) domes
• Overhanging eaves
• Pointed arches, cusped arches, or scalloped arches
• Colonnaded area on both sides
• Domed kiosks and many miniature domes
• Domed chhatris
• Pinnacles
• Towers or minarets
• Use of Makrana marble
THE FEATURES
10. • Total area of 64 acre with the building covering an area of
338sq.Ft by 228 sq.Ft.
• On way to the north gate is a bronze statue of Queen
Victoria by Sir George Frampton.The Queen is seated on
her throne, wearing the robes of the Star of India.
• Approaching the building from the south, visitors pass
the King Edward VII memorial arch with a bronze
equestrian statue of the King by Sir Bertram Mackennal
surmounting it and a marble statue of Lord Curzon by
F.W. Pomeroy, R.A.
• There are also other statues of various dignitaries like Lord
Bentinck, Governor General of India (1828-1835), Lord
Ripon (Governor- General of India from 1880 to 1884; the
statue of Sir Rajendranath Mookerjee, the pioneer
industrialist of Bengal is on the eastern side.
THE GARDEN
12. THE ELEMENTS
Wall and Wall treatment: Walls of the monuments were painted in white and off white color. The walls were having
smooth finish. Inside the dome the side area on the wall had stones fixed on them. The stone were Makrana marble fixed
like brick design on the walls. Stones were in white color, smooth in finish and rectangular in shape. The stone wall was
deeply engraved with the text of imperial declaration speech given by the Queen Victoria. The doors and windows were
made up of wood and some of them were framed with glass and dark brown in polished colour.
13. Ceiling and Ceiling treatment: The monument has geometrical ceiling patterns with creative cornices designs. They
were all white in color. Distemper paint was used over the ceiling. The designs on the ceilings were matching with the
room size and shape having square and rectangular patterns.
THE ELEMENTS
14. Accessories: The monument displayed many accessories like pictures and statues. The statues were life sized and white
in color reflecting the craftsmanship of the sculptor. The pictures were in color and in black and white too. The pictures
were of all sizes with golden frames and were straight as well as ornamental in design. They were quite heavy in weight.
THE ELEMENTS
15. Furniture: The furniture in the monument included storage cabinets, open shelf, tables, chairs and side table. Some of
the furniture’s were made up of Mahogany wood with polish applied on them. They were having smooth finish, dark
brown in color. They were heavy, strong and sturdy. The tables were made up of Sheraton style with straight legs and
sharp corners. The chairs had legs designed like ball and claw types. The back of the chair had curved design due to
which it is called ribbon back chairs.
THE ELEMENTS
16. Lighting: There were not any specific colonial lighting fixtures and lights. The modern lights like the fluorescent
tubes, incandescent bulbs and the spot lights were installed above the paintings displayed on the walls of the central
hall of the monument.
THE ELEMENTS
17. Highlighting Features of the monument: It is
a prominent building and art museum of
Calcutta under the Department of Culture,
Government of India. The main collections of the
Victoria Memorial show cases Western Paintings,
Sketches, Indian Paintings and Company school
drawings, Archive, Arms and Armour,
Lithographs, Aquatints, Mughal Miniatures,
Manuscripts, Rare Books, Postage Stamps,
Sculptures created by renowned artists and three
thousand five hundred articles associated with
the everlasting memory of Queen Victoria
THE ELEMENTS
18. THE ARCHITECTURE
The Victoria Memorial's architect was William Emerson (1843–
1924), president of the Royal Institute of British
Architects. The design is in the Indo-Saracenic revivalist
style which uses a mixture of British and Mughal elements
with Venetian, Egyptian, Deccani and Islamic architectural
influences. The building is 338 by 228 feet (103 by 69 m) and
rises to a height of 184 feet (56 m). It is constructed of
white Makrana marble. The gardens of the Victoria Memorial
were designed by Lord Redesdale and David Prain. Emerson's
assistant, Vincent Jerome Esch, designed the bridge of the
north aspect and the garden gates. In 1902, Emerson engaged
Esch to sketch his original design for the Victoria Memorial.
After designing the temporary exhibition building for
the Delhi Durbar of 1903, Curzon found Esch to be a suitable
assistant for Emerson.
Atop the central dome of the Victoria Memorial is the 16 ft
(4.9 m) figure of the Angel of Victory. Surrounding the dome
are allegorical sculptures including Art, Architecture, Justice,
and Charity and above the North Porch
are Motherhood, Prudence and Learning. In design it echos
the Taj Mahal with its dome, four subsidiaries, octagonal-
domed chhatris, high portals, terrace, and domed corner
towers.
20. THE MUSEUM
The Victoria Memorial has 25 galleries. These
include the royal gallery, the national leaders
gallery, the portrait gallery, central hall, the
sculpture gallery, the arms and armoury gallery
and the newer, Calcutta gallery. The Victoria
Memorial has the largest single collection of the
works of Thomas Daniell (1749–1840) and his
nephew, William Daniell (1769–1837). It also has a
collection of rare and antiquarian books such as
the illustrated works of William Shakespeare,
the Arabian Nights and the Rubaiyat by Omar
Khayyam as well as books about kathak dance
and thumri music by Nawab Wajid Ali Shah.
However, the galleries and their exhibitions, the
programmatic elements of the memorial do not
compete with the purely architectural spaces or
void.
21. THE MUSEUM
Royal Gallery
The Royal Gallery displays a number of portraits of Victoria and Prince Albert, and paintings illustrating their lives, by Jansen
and Winter halter. The oil paintings are copies of those in London. They include: Victoria receiving the sacrament at her coronation
in Westminster Abbey (June 1838); Victoria's marriage to Albert in the Chapel Royal at St James's Palace (1840); the christening of the
Prince of Wales in Windsor Castle (1842); the marriage of Edward VII to Princess Alexandra (1863); Victoria at the First Jubilee service
at Westminster Abbey (1887) and the Second Jubilee service at St. Paul's Cathedral (June 1897). Victoria's childhood
rosewood pianoforte and her correspondence desk from Windsor Castle stand in the centre of the room. Edward VII presented these
items to the Victoria Memorial. On the south wall hangs the Russian artist Vasily Vereshchagin's oil painting of the state entry of
Edward VII in Jaipur in 1876.
22. THE MUSEUM
Calcutta Gallery
In the mid-1970s, the matter of a new gallery devoted to the visual history of Calcutta was promoted by Saiyid Nurul Hasan, the
minister for education. In 1986, Hasan became the governor of West Bengal and chairman of the board of trustees of the Victoria
Memorial. In November 1988, Hasan hosted an international seminar on the Historical perspectives for the Calcutta tercentenary. The
Calcutta gallery concept was agreed and a design was developed leading to the opening of the gallery in 1992. The Calcutta gallery
houses a visual display of the history and development of Calcutta from Job Charnock (1630–1692) of the English East India
Company to 1911, when the capital of India was transferred to New Delhi. The gallery also has a life-size diorama of Chitpur road in the
late 1800s.
23. THE EVENTS
Over the years the memorial has not
only emerged as one of the most famous
tourist destinations of Kolkata but has
also remained a favourite spot for family
and friends apart from holding a special
place for lovebirds. As night falls,
lighting of the Victoria Memorial makes
it look even more mesmerizing.
25. REFERENCES
• http://indiaheritagehub.org/2013/12/31/indian-museum-kolkata/
• http://www.indianmuseumkolkata.org/Architecture%20through%20the%20Ages.php
• http://indianmuseumtt.org/Plan%20Your%20Visit.php
• http://www.victoriamemorial-cal.org/
• kolkatainformation.com
• Herbert E. W. "Flora's empire: British gardens in India." Penn Studies in Landscape Architecture, University
of Pennsylvania Press.
• Morris J. "Stones of the empire:Vaughan P. "The Victoria Memorial Hall, Calcutta: conception, collections,
conservation." Marg Publications, Nation Centre for the Performing Arts (India) 1997the buildings of the
Raj."Oxford University Press
• www.culturalindia.net
• https://knowindia.gov.in/culture-and-heritage/monuments/victoria-memorial.php