1. Where’s the prospect of new oil?

2. Can oil production increase? Increasing oil production is expensive and takes time More wells need tapping and pipeline capacity needs to improve Saudi Arabia is spending $50 billion to increase its production to 12.5million barrels a day by this year Still short of 15 million needed to produce enough to meet anticipated demands OPEC’s 13 member countries plan to invest $150 billion to expand production capacity by 5 million barrels a day by 2012 (from current 36million) To meet anticipated future demand OPEC will need to pump 60 million barrels a day by 2030 Even if production does increase amounts of exploitable oil are decreasing But the global cash crisis has sparked an increased search for new oil Brazil has discovered huge new oil field supplies BUT 75% is at least 400 metres under sea level

3. The world’s oil: Conventional oil endowment (cumulative production plus mean estimates of remaining oil reserves and undiscovered oil resources) by province in billion barrels of oil (BBO) for 128 oil provinces. World data are from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 2000 assessment of world petroleum resources; U.S. data are from USGS (1995 assessment) and from the Minerals Management Service (1996 assessment).

4. http://enviro-map.com/sakhalin Oil exploration in Japan http://www.eurogasinc.com/oil-gas-exploration-poland_37.html Poland http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/08/27/2015860.htm Kimberly Western Australia http://myaker.net/text.cfm?path=1&id=226&lid=3 Ghana http://www.richminerals.ca/m1.html Brazil

8. Cold Comfort: Arctic Is Oil Hot Spot Case Study of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtJMFbwpLSM&feature=related The truth about ANWR http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rT8GG38MGCY&feature=related Obama on ANWR http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OgyzMJ-grHU&feature=related Sarah Palin on drilling

10. http://www.anwr.org/Video/View-our-ANWR-Flash-Movie.php

15. Opinions Sarah Palin- John McCain's running mate for 2008 us PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION “I hope people understand, in a 20,000-square-mile area, this is 2,000 acres. It is a plot of land the size of LAX that we would want to drill to explore. ,"

17. Other arguments in favour A June 29, 2008 Pew Research Poll reported that 50% of Americans favor drilling of oil and gas in ANWR while 43% oppose (compared to 42% in favor and 50% opposed in February of the same year). A CNN opinion poll conducted in August 31, 2008 reported 59% favor drilling for oil in ANWR, while 39% oppose it. A large majority of Alaskans support drilling in ANWR, including every governor, senator, representative, and legislature for the past 25 years. In the state of Alaska, residents receive annual dividends from oil-lease revenues. In 2000 the dividend came to $1,964 per resident. Rep. Richard Pombo, R-Calif., chairman of the Resources Committee, seized on the finding Tuesday that development of the refuge would boost domestic oil production by 20 percent over what it otherwise would be in 2025. “Given America’s energy crunch, ANWR production is a must,” Pombo, who requested the analysis, said in a statement. It would mean that the USA would be become more energy secure- less reliant on Canadian oil- and less reliant on supplies from OPEC member nations- many Americans feel this reason alone is enough for drilling to go ahead

18. “Me not want any of your dirty oil spilling on me food or land- my calves might eat it or step on it”

19. "I strongly reject drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge because it would irreversibly damage a protected national wildlife refuge without creating sufficient oil supplies to meaningfully affect the global market price or have a discernible impact on US energy security."

20. The economic impact would be negligible, thus meaning no financial reason to drill there as the amount is not thought to be enough for mass production levels Environmentalists state that the required network of oil platforms, pipelines, roads and support facilities, not to mention the threat of foul spills, would play havoc on wildlife. The US FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE has stated that the 1002 area has a "greater degree of ecological diversity than any other similar sized area of Alaska’s north slope." The FWS also states, "Those who campaigned to establish the Arctic Refuge recognized its wild qualities and the significance of these spatial relationships. Here lies an unusually diverse assemblage of large animals and smaller, less-appreciated life forms, tied to their physical environments and to each other by natural, undisturbed ecological and evolutionary processes."[ The Gwich'in tribe adamantly believes that drilling in ANWR would have serious negative effects on the calving grounds of the Porcupine Caribou herd that they partially rely on for food. Other arguments against

22. The tar sands areas in Canada are about the size of Florida.

23. First, forests must be cleared. In this case the trees were stacked and burned.

24. Secondly, strip mining begins. Strip mines in the Canadian oil sands are the largest in the world.

26. The small trucks are 4 ton service trucks.

27. Following the strip mining, the tar sands are sent to the refinery for processing.

28. Emissions

29. Water from nearby rivers is tainted with heavy metals and oil once its used to produce steam. The steam separates the tar from the sand.

31. Case study: Arctic National Wildlife reserve (ANWR) What and where is ANWR? Why is this regarded as an important area for energy resources? Briefly outline the social, economic, environmental and political arguments arising for and against exploiting oil and gas in ANWR/ tar sands? (Draw a large table like this..) Use booklets to help you Looking for more energyIncreasing energy insecurity has stimulated exploration of technically difficult and environmentally sensitive areas.