prof. Rudolf Giffinger, Technische Universität Wien, “Europejska sieć współpracy inteligentnych miast”

1. Networking European Smart Cities
Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Rudolf Giffinger
Vienna University of Technology
Department of Spatial Planning
Centre of Regional Science
International congress „Smart metropolis”,
Gdańsk
21st - 22nd of November, 2013
Gdansk, 21/22 of November, 2013

2. Objectives & structure

Trends in smart city discussion



Urbanisation, competitiveness, energy efficient city
Learning processes
Network based integrative understanding
 Understanding Smart City – a learning process
 Experiences with a place based SC-approach
 Basic concept
 Recent experiences on networking with integrative SC_approach

Conclusions

challenges of networks

learning processes for integrative SC-approach
Gdansk, 21/22 of November, 2013

3. Urbanisation in a global context

Unbroken trend … but different pace



Change in urban systems
Increasing metropolitan regions and
changing settlement patterns
Competitiveness of cities

Economic re-structuring

Increasing importance of ‚soft„ factors
 Environmental and ecological conditions
 About 50 % of population in urban areas – energy
consumption about 75 %
 Increasing energy consumption – emissions
 Increase of energy efficiency
 Increasing complexity on urban development
 A challenge of learning processes based on networks
Gdansk, 21/22 of November, 2013

4. Technical understanding of Smart City
„Smart Cities combine diverse technologies to reduce their
environmental impact and offer citizens better lives.
This is not, however, simply a technical challenge….”
European Smart City stakeholder platform‟
http://www.eu-smartcities.eu/faqs# Smart_Cities; 25.2.2013
 technical solutions are obvious – basically result of networks of
technicians focussing on technical innovations
Gdansk, 21/22 of November, 2013

5. Technical and economic understanding of Smart City
„.. when investments in human and social capital and traditional (transport)
and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic
growth and a high quality of life, with a wise management of natural
resources, through a participated governance.“
Caragliu, DelBoand, Nijkamp,2011

Factors influencing the emergence of innovations in urban context
– from triple helix to enhanced triple helix
– University, industry, goverment / learning, market, knowledge
 obviously, cooperation and networking of actors of specific segments
but focussing on business model for implementation of technical model
Gdansk, 21/22 of November, 2013

6. Integrative understanding of Smart City
„A Smart City is a city well performing in
[relevant key fields of urban development],
built on the ‘smart’ combination of endowments
and activities of self-decisive, independent and
aware citizens.”


Giffinger, et al., 2007
Emphasizing good performance in urban
development through

improvement of services in different key fields

in collaboration of stakeholders in relevant key
fields

based on citizens’ awareness and their active
participation
 Cooperation and networking becomes
obvious – but with which challenges?
Gdansk, 21/22 of November, 2013

7. Integrative understanding of Smart City
SC understanding

Integrative

Relevant key fields
– with most relevant
domains

Place based evidence

Specificities and features
– Local conditions of
urban development

Comprehensive

Technology, structure,
aware citizens
SC learning process
 Stakeholder and citizens based
evidence
 Perception and assessments
o Identification of assets and trends
o Strategic interests
o Assessment of activities and
potentials
 Indicator based evidence on urban
trends and conditions
 supporting positioning and
benchmarking
 detecting largest strengths and
weaknesses
Gdansk, 21/22 of November, 2013

8. Smart City as a learning process
Smart City
Workshops
Key fields
28
Domains
81
Components
Data
Functions
• delivering Rank for each
city in urban system
• describing position and
profile in every considered
key field
• Supporting benchmarking
and analytical evidence
through differentiation into
domains described by
components (= indicator)
Participatory
settings
Expert
interviews
Functions
• identifying relevant key fields
and domains
•
assessing profiles in terms of
strengths and weaknesses
•
elaborating/ assessing
relevant indicators
Gdansk, 21/22 of November, 2013

9. SC Aarhus: the first promising but linear experiences
www.smart-cities.eu
Aarhus, 2009/10
Presentation of rank – profile –
benchmarking – strengths and
weaknesses in large auditorium
Public discussion and definition
of most important topics (key
fields and domains)
Participatory setting through
corresponding workshops
Further discussion in working
groups
Local intraurban networks for
each key field in working groups
with stakeholders and citizens
No Expert interviews
Gdansk, 21/22 of November, 2013

10. SC Linz: interactive process with open end
Linz 2013
Contract with consortium of
stakeholders
Presentation of first
results, discussing indicators:
missing or reliable
Modification of few indicators and
elaboration of missing values
Workshop with stakeholders:
• assessing profiles in terms of
strengths and weaknesses
Final report & Press conference
Clear Network of stakeholders
from the beginning; marginally
enhanced over time
No interviews
Gdansk, 21/22 of November, 2013

11. Benchmarking: creating networks in SC-Krakov
Project consortium (lead partner
Technology Park Krakov) identifies
• Key fields and domains of smart urbanregional development
6 specific local workshops about key fields
• Assessing keyfields and domains
• Identifying strengths and weaknesses
• Discussion of indicators and new city
sample (300 000 to 1 mill inhabitants)
•
•
SC_Profiles: benchmarking for
dedecting strenghts and weaknesses
and good practice examples (excursions
to 4 cities)
Final report with Road map including
stakeholders
Competent Network of SC representatives
participating in 6 workshops discussing
most important projects and road map
Gdansk, 21/22 of November, 2013

12. 6 energy efficient SCies in EU: an iterative procedure
http://www.pleecproject.eu/
European consortium of scientists and 6
partner cities: 2 surveys and several
workshops
Inclusion of additional city stakeholders
• Energy efficiency
• Key fields & Domains
• Assessing domains
• Defining components / indicators
Jyväskylä
Turku
Eskilstuna
Tartu
Stoke-on-Trent
Karte folgtGreenand
buildings
land-use
Santiago de
Compostela
Renovation
and
refurbishment
Innovative
building
technologies
Spatial
structures and
land-use
Profile of SC energy efficiency:
Work in progress
Mobility and
transport
Technical
Infrastructure
Production and
consumption
Energy
supply
Public
transport
Waste, water
and sewage
management
Industry and
commerce
Fossil energy
Private and
public services
Nuclear
energy
Private
households
Renewable
energy
Motorised
private
transport
Pedestrian
traffic and
cycling
Transport of
goods
Electrical
power grids
Heating and
cooling grids
Public lighting
Strongly evolving network: 6 partners –
corresponding city stakeholders cooperating
several times with experts
Sources of basemap: TUWIEN 2013 based on
Esri, GEBCO, NOAA, National Geographic, DeLorme,
NAVTEQ, Geonames.org and other contributors; EuroGeographics
Gdansk, 21/22 of November, 2013

13. Conclusions
challenges of networks

First evidence on integrative SC-approach

Evidence based learning process and networking should/will
mutually support each other

Relational capital is irreplaceable for knowledge production in
networks
– trust building, coopeative abilities and competence

Despite an increasing circular process, following deficits of own
approach evident
– Still not fully explored in its features: convergence and irreversability
of network activities
Gdansk, 21/22 of November, 2013

14. conclusions
learning processes for integrative SC_approach

Challenges are obvious in city level


Environmental problems, problems of rapid growing cities and
metropolises, …
Need of integration of technical and social innovations


creation of business models exclusively driven by economic interests


Technical solutions more or less existing
Need of identification of relevant communities in distinct places
Need of urban innovations based on networking

Common learning about local conditions and interests provides place
based evidence  a precondition for adequate/effective solutions

Commmon learning improves chances for inclusive and sustainable
development
 For realisation, political will remains an important precondition
Gdansk, 21/22 of November, 2013

15. Many Thanks for Your Attention
Univ.Prof. Dr. Rudolf Giffinger
Department of Spatial Planning
Centre of Regional Science
Vienna University of Technology
www.srf.tuwien.ac.at
Gdansk, 21/22 of November, 2013