The document outlines nine instructional strategies shown by research to improve student achievement: identifying similarities and differences, summarizing and note taking, reinforcing effort and providing recognition, homework and practice, nonlinguistic representation, cooperative learning, setting objectives and providing feedback, generating and testing hypotheses, and cues, questions, and advance organizers. Each strategy includes generalizations about effective implementation and specific classroom practices that teachers can use. The strategies range from a mean effect size of 1.32 for identifying similarities and differences down to 0.52 for generating and testing hypotheses.

1. Strategies for Increasing Student Achievement From Classroom Instruction the Works: Research-Based Strategies for Increasing Student Achievement By Robert Marzano, Debra Pickering, and Jane Pollock (ASCD: 2001 )