The document provides population data for several US cities from the first US census in 1790 through 1810. Boston grew from 18,038 to 33,250 people during this period. New York grew the most, from 33,131 to 96,373 people. Baltimore grew the least, from 13,503 to 35,583 people. The census was needed to determine taxation and congressional representation. Non-white people were counted as three-fifths of a person.

1. Bell RINGERS 
Read, analyze chart and answer the questions
In 1790, the first U.S. census was taken, as required by the
Constitution…The count was necessary in order to
determine taxation and representation in Congress. All
free people were counted, as well as “three-fifths of all
other Persons.” Indians were excluded.
City 1790 1800 1810
Boston 18,038 24,937 33,250
New York 33,131 60,489 96,373
Philadelphia 45,529 69,403 91,874
Baltimore 13,503 26,114 35,583
Charleston 16,359 20,473 24,711
1. What is a Census check, why was it needed and when does it occur?
2. What does it mean when it states 3/5’s of all other persons?
3. Which city grew the most during the 20 years shown?
4. Which city grew the least during the 20 years shown?

2. Wash inaugural
•Washington
begins his
presidency in New
York City and
alternates between
there and
Philadelphia.
•Capital city at this
time was New York
City.

3. Precedents are models,
examples or influences other
Presidents would follow
What to call the President? Mr.
President
President sets their own personal style
Cabinet appointed by President and
advises him
VP has no official duties
President acts independent from Congress
Congress relies on the advice of the President
Served 2 terms and stepped aside for someone else
precedents

4. cabinet
Cabinet advises the President and heads up
an agency of the government
Department of State-----Foreign affairs
•Thomas Jefferson----Secretary of State
Department of Treasury---Financial affairs
•Alexander Hamilton—Secretary of the Treasury

5. •Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson played a
valuable role in the beginning of our nation.
•President Washington was stuck in the middle of these
two men as they argued over our country’s beginnings.

6. •Judiciary Act of 1789
•Congress created lower courts to
assist the Supreme Court.
•President Washington appoints 6
justices to the Supreme Court
•3 from North and 3 from South
John Jay first
Chief Justice
of the Supreme
Court

7. Foreign Debt •Pay off $80 million debt
$11,710,000 •National Govt should take
Federal Domestic Debt over States DEBT-
unification
$42,414,000
State Debt •Tariff: a tax on imports
$21,500,000 •Establish good credit with
foreign nations
•Create a national bank
with a national currency
•Raise money for govt
backed by gold silver
Misc. Excise Custom
Revenue Tax Duties
on Whiskey (Tariffs)
debt

8. BUS
HAMILTON JEFFERSON
•Provide loans to •Against the Constitution
government and state banks
•State banks would collapse
•A national currency---$$$$$
•Strict construction…If it is
•Constitution did not forbid not mentioned in the
a national bank….Loose Constitution than there
construction of Constitution can’t be a national bank.
•National debt good for •Against a national debt
country

9. •Farmer’s revolt in
western
Pennsylvania.
•Refused to pay
Hamilton’ s excise
tax on Whiskey
•Believed it was an
unfair tax.
•Were called the
“Whiskey Rebels”

10. farewell
Washington stressed that the US
should stay neutral in all foreign
affairs.
That way the US would never be
pulled into a war when it was not
involved.
“conduct friendly and impartial toward the
belligerent powers.”
-Washington

11. farewell
•Washington warned of the
dangers of political parties and
permanent alliances with other
nations.
•Washington’s warning against
“entangling alliances” became a
principle of U.S. foreign policy.
…..Isolationism

12. Adams Becomes President
• Adams was a difficult person.
• Adams was supported by New
England and Federalists
– Defeated Jefferson 71-68 in Electoral
College
– Jefferson becomes VP
• France and US close to war.
• Adams Biggest achievement was
avoiding war with France

13. xyz
To avoid war with France, President
Adams sent representatives to negotiate a
peace agreement…..
US representatives were snubbed by the
French government……
Eventually, 3 French representatives
(known as X, Y and Z because they refused
to give their names) approach the American
Govt
XYZ demanded a bribe of $250,000 to
merely talk
Insulted, we refused the demands and left
France…
President Adams on the XYZ Affair….”I will never send another minister to France without
assurances that he will be received, respected, and honored as the representative of a
great, free, powerful and independent nation.”

14. • President Adams black mark on his
Presidency
• Allowed the Govt to forcibly EXPEL
foreigners and Newspaper editors for
“scandalous and malicious writing”
• Was this UNCONSTITUTIONAL?

15. Kty/va resolutions
•Jefferson’s and Madison’s response to
Adam’s Sedition Act…..
•Believed Sedition Act violated freedom
of speech and press.
DOCTRINE OF NULLIFICATION:
Since the States created the National
Government, they have the right to
nullify, cancel or decide not to obey a
law they believed was unconstitutional
….

16. •Many historians look at this
time period as the beginning of
the true democracy.
•Champion for the common
man
•Believed education would
prepare them for participation
in government…..
Jeffersonian democracy

17. Louisiana
purchase
•Jefferson purchased Louisiana
Territory for $15 million, about 3
cents an acre
•Doubled the size of the US
•Jefferson’s greatest
accomplishment
•Ironic because Jefferson was a
STRICT CONSTRUCTIONIST…

19. •Jefferson sends personal secretary
Meriwether Lewis and army officer
William Clark to explore north Louisiana
•28 men who accompanied Lewis/Clark.
•Exploration yielded maps, knowledge of
Indians, overland trail to Pacific
•United States’ claim to the Pacific
Northwest

20. Britain Vs. USA
•Causes:
•British impressments of of
American Seamen
•Brits interference with American
Commerce
•British Aid to Native Americans
NEXT

21. Consequences of War of 1812
• Demise of Federalist Party
• Nationalist Feelings
• Industrialization
• Era of Good Feelings... KINDA
• Andrew Jackson advances career

22. highlights
Dolly Madison escaped
from White House and
took many pieces of
art, furniture from the
White House before the
Washington, D.C. burned by British destroyed it.
British, 25th of August 1814

23. highlights
U.S. Flag which flew
over Fort McHenry to
inspire Francis Scott
Key to write the Star
Spangled Banner.
September 13th, 1814

24. Nationalism: powerful feeling of patriotism
and NATIONAL unity! (developed after
War of 1812)
Economic Nationalism: Protective tariffs
•Foreign producers taxed to protect American
manufacturers
Judicial Nationalism: McCulloch v. Maryland
•The court stuck down a Maryland law that taxed the
National Bank.
This showed that States did not have the right to

25. madwar
UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL
•Born in Virginia in 1758,
•Elected United States
Senator
•Helped negotiate the
Louisiana Purchase.
•Era of Good Feelings
President James Monroe

26. • Referred to as America’s Self
Defense Doctrine.
• It is a continuation of President
Washington’s neutrality and
isolationist policies.
• YOU STAY OUT OF MY
BUSINESS… I’ll stay out of
yours.
US recognized US protector of new
existing democracies in the
European Monroe Western Hemisphere
Colonies Doctrine
US will stay out No European
of European Colonization in the
affairs Americas