This document provides a list of 17 Romanesque slide titles presented by Amity's young art historians. The slides cover various aspects of Romanesque architecture and art from across Europe between the 11th-12th centuries CE. Some of the topics included are a relief of Christ and his disciples from Silos Abbey in Spain, the Church of Sant Vincenc in Cardona, Spain, the Abbey of Cluny in France, a reliquary statue of Saint Foy from Conques Abbey in France, the Abbey Church of Notre-Dame in Fontenay, France, the Church of San Clemente in Rome, Italy, the Church of Saint-Savin-Sur-Gartempe in France, the Church

1. ROMANESQUE SLIDES
by Amity’s young art historians
1.Christ and His Disciples on the Road to Emmaus (15-1) Eeman
2.Church of Sant Vincenc, Cardona (15-3) Catie C.
3.The Abbey at Cluny (15-9) Ben
4.Reliquary Statue of Sainte Foy (page 484) Mollie
5.Abbey Church of Notre-Dame (15-12) Priya
6.Church of San Clemente (15-14) Phil
7.Church of Saint-Savin-Sur-Gartempe, Poitu (15-15) Grace
8.Church of Sant’Ambrogio, Milan (15-16) Tori
9.Speyer Cathedral (15-17) Guillermo
10.Dover Castle (15-24) Aliyah
11.South Portal and Porch, Priory Church of St. Pierre Moissac (15-26) Shoba
12.Capital: Suicide of Judas (15-29) Jason
13.Christ in Majesty (15-30) Kavita
14.Tower of Babel (15-31) Mary
15.Crucifix (15-32) George
16.Tomb Cover with Effigy of Rudolf of Swabia (15-34) Katie Z.
17.The Mouth of Hell, Winchester Psalter (15-38) Mike

2. Christ and His Disciples on the Road to
Emmaus
• Cloister of the Abbey of Santo
Domingo, Silos, Castile, Spain, c.
1100
• Pier relief, life-size figures three
men, under arch supported by
columns
• Bodies seem boneless, slow curves,
joints seem to melt, drapery frames
delicate curves
• Heads framed by halos
• Tranquility in Christ’s figure: large,
cruciform halo, short staff
• Scene of Christ and two disciples on
road from Jerusalem to Emmauus
• Scallop shell on Christ’s satchel:
badge pilgrims wear on journey to
shrines in Spain
• Figurative, narrative, didactic
(Christian story) art

3. Church of San Vincenc
Cardona, Spain – 11th century
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Masonry building
Catalon-Lombard style (builders)
2-story narthex
Low, narrow aisles and two apses
Crossing tower for choir—very
important
• Benedictine Plan: Apses of
different sizes, narrow
aisles, and stepped outline
• Strip buttresses – bands of
masonry in ceiling

4. The Abbey at Cluny
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Created as a place of prayer and a Benedictine
Monastery
Sacked and almost completely destroyed during the
French Revolution
Image on right is a reconstruction drawing
Abbey is unique because it had an independent
status
Located in Cluny, Saône-etThe abbot answered to the Pope, not to local bishops Loire,France, founded by William I
in 910 CE
The Abbey at Cluny made up most of the city of Cluny
The Churches at Cluny combined the needs of the monks and visiting pilgrims
needs
The Abbey at Cluny reflects the widespread use of stone during Romanesque
Period
Reflects Romanesque focus on religion and rebirth of Art and Architecture
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5. Reliquary Statue of Sainte Foy
-Abbey Church of Conques, Conques, France
-Late 9th or 10th century with later additions
-Silver gilt over a wood core w/ added gems and
cameos of various dates
-Height: 33”
-Christians turned to the martyrs, or the heroes
of their church, to answer their prayers and
connect them with god
-Western churches wanted to be close to
earthly remains of the martyrs
-Bodies, parts of bodies, things associated with
the Hold Family, or the saints were kept inside
richly decorated boxed, or reliquaries.
-Could be simple boxes or a specific symbol /
shape
-Stainte Foy was a 12 year old Roman girl who
was martyred in the town of Agen for refusing
to worship pagan gods.

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Created by Cistercian Monks
Cistercian architecture: a variation of Romanesque
architecture, reflects on ideals of order, simplicity,
and austerity
The monastery plan makes it so that key buildings
are at right angles to the cloister walk so that the
building could be easily extended should the
community grow
Simple geometric plan: along nave with
rectangular chapels off the square-ended transept
arms and a shallow choir with a straight east wall
A feature of Fontenay often found in Cistercian
architecture is the pointed ribbed barrel vaults
over the nave and pointed arches in the nave
arcade and side- aisle bays
Harmonious proportions + fine stonework
Large windows at the end, unlike a clerestory,
provides light
Sets of triple windows that reminded monks of
Trinity
Similar to other Cistercian monasteries It reflects
on architectural developments of their time in
their masonry, vaulting, and proportions
This simple architecture became an international
style from Scotland to Germany to Spain and Italy
Place of sanctuary for Cistercian Monks that
represented many of there values through it’s style
Abbey Church of Notre- Dame,
Fontenay , Burgundy France 1139-47

7. Church of San Clemente
by Phil Hochman

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constructed in Rome, Italy
led by Cardinal Anastasius,
built by Benedictines
finished in 1123,
consecrated in 1128
made primarily of marble,
some parts timber
Desiderius Church served
as a model

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rebuilding of Church of San
Clemente is on top of a 4th
century basilica (the top of this
church served as a Church while
the bottom served as a
mithraeum, or place of worship
for followers of Mithraism)
built to honor Pope Clement I
also shows the Catholic Church’s
growing power

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artist achieved amazing
structure by combining
elements of different
centuries in one church
magnificent collection of
early church furniture
including choir stalls,
pulpit, lectern, candlestick
(5th century)
twelfth century inlaid floor
pavement
ninth century choir screens
reused from old church
below
upper wall and ceiling
decoration are eighteenth
century
● also, columns are spolia, taken
from Roman art

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moderately different from Early Christian
Churches
as opposed to having parallel rows of identical
columns, rectangular piers disrupt the line of
Ionic columns and divide the nave into bays
also, most Early Christian Churches did not have
spoila like the San Clemente
just as many other Romanesque churches did,
San Clemente exemplifies the growing power of
Catholicism during that time period
because central apse was not large enough to
hold new abundant participants of 12 century,
choir extended into the nave and defined by a
lower barrier made up of ninth century relief
panels
most early Romanesque basilicas merely had
altar area enclosed by screen wall

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arguably the most
breathtaking component is
the timber roof, but actually
very elaborate
Jesus Christ on the cross
with doves surrounding him
stylized geometric patterns
that repeat
angels saints, and sheep
shown
much symmetry in all

13. Church of St-Savin-Sur-Gartempe
Location: Vienne, France 11th Century
Slide by: Grace Leyden
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Mostly made of marble
Built in the time of Charlemagne, to shelter two martyrs, Savin and Cyprian
Church build in honor of, and to shelter the holy relics
During the Hundred years war, it was taken over and burned by Prince Edward III
Housed many remarkable murals and paintings in good shape
The front entry porch shows the cycle of the Apocalypse
Scenes from the Old Testament are seen in the nave
The vault of the nave has an area of 460 square meters of frescos
Abbey buildings include the church, monastic building, and lodging/gardens
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47 meters long
Ambulatory and five chapels
Has some Gothic style steeples
Romanesque hall church with
Exceptional internal lighting
High full arched openings

14. Church of Sant’ Ambrogio
(379-386 CE, rebuilt 12th century CE)
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Milan, Italy. Brick. Built by St. Ambrose.
Very old church; built in area where many Roman martyrs were buried
Dedicated to Ambrose- bishop of Milan
Focal point of Milan’s religious life; city built around this church
Common pilgrimage destination
Features:
– Central nave lighted from the clerestory, two side aisles, a
semicircular apse, and an atrium
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Very large arcaded atrium
– Narthex leads into nave, which has a high ribbed vault while the
side aisles have groin vaulting
– 2 bell towers
– Portico's (porch leading to the entrance of a building) arcade are
supported by pillars, flanked by semi-columns. They have double
archivolts
Building has a lot of religious significance to Milan, and is one of the
oldest churches. Holds many important relics that appealed to pilgrims
Similar to Durham Cathedral with use of ribbed vaults, as well as many
other Romanesque churches

15. Speyer Cathedral
Guillermo Lopez-Vila

16. Founder: Conrad II, later
finished by grandson,
Emperor Henry IV
Features: Designed to attract
worshippers; accomplished by creating
intricate decorations on the easily carved
sandstone. Dedicated to St. Mary, and
burial sight for several kings, so symbol of
imperial power.
Features:
Total length: 134 m (from the steps at the
entrance to the exterior wall of the east
apse)
External width of the nave (with aisles):
37.62 m (from exterior wall to exterior
wall)
Internal width of the nave: 14 m
Height of the nave at the vertex of the
vaults: 33 m
Height of the eastern spires: 71.20 m
Height of the western spires: 65.60 m
Crypt Length: east-west 35 m; northsouth 46 m Height: between 6.2 m and
6.5 m
Date/Era: 11th Century,
Romanesque
Location: Speyer,
Germany
Similar Work:
Abbey Church of
Notre Dame
Medium: Red
sandstone

17. Dover Castle in Dover
Built during the 12 century England
Built with earthworks, wood, various stone
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• Built over time by Romans (lighthouse) Anglo-Saxons (church)
• Built to guard the city of people and religious leaders within (included guard towers,
moats, and acres of courtyards)

18. Dover Castle (continued)
• The Great Tower (later known as the keep ((in
England)) or donjon ((in France))) stood in a
courtyard (called a bailey)
• Stone walls surrounded every building and
outdoor air, and each wall was surrounded by
ditches and moats to keep out intruders
• A gatehouse guarded the entry, and barns and
workshops could be found within, along with
a city of people and host of religious leaders
• Dover Castle is Romanesque due to its
immensity, both in underground tunnels and
high towers. Plus, it’s almost entirely made
out of stone
• Dover Castle was a prosperous center for
merchants, sailors, and religious figures,
keeping the moderate population safe and
happy

19. South Portal and Porch, Priory Church of St. Pierre Moissac
• Created - c.1115-30
• Design consist of Christ in Glory with
seraphim. Below and on the side of him in
rows are the twenty-four
elders, crowned, holding chalices and
musical instruments, praising him with
song. The clouds of Heaven or the rippling
sea provides a boundary line.
• Carved portal art was a significant change in
Romanesque art. Representing a
combination of biblical
narratives, history, and Christian symbolism.
The most common themes were scenes of
Christ in Majesty and the Last Judgment.
• The lintel has ten concave rosettes (like
dishes) inside a rope design issuing from
the mouth of a grotesque animal

20. South Portal and Porch, Priory Church of St. Pierre Moissac
This picture helps show details of the
tympanum, the arched area directly above the
portal. Also illustrated with details on this site
are the trumeau (the vertical supporting post
between the leaves of a doorway), the jambs-on each side of the doorway, and the side
walls, which are decorated with narrative
sculpture.

21. Capital: Suicide of Judas
Location: Cathedral of Saint Lazare in Autun, France
Artist: Gislebertus
Date: 12th century
Medium: Rigid stone work with skilled amount of texture
Period: Found in the Romanesque period
Purpose: This piece of art depicts various biblical scenes and figures. This Sculpture also was made to represent
the agonies and passions of the Christian Faith.
How artist achieved
Purpose: The artist achieved this purpose by clearly showing the betrayal
of Christ in the sculpture.
Unique features: The stonework presented in this piece of work is very
Unique. The detail used is also extremely pericise.
Similar works: The prophet of Ezekiel is another work of similar art.
This sculpture is also made from the same type of stone and its purpose
Was to also portray the agonies and passions of the Christian Faith.
Aspects of Romanesque art: Some aspects of Romanesque art include
The sculpture portrays the agony of Christian Faith which is mainly portrayed by Christ betraying Judas.

22. Tower of Babel
Located in the Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe in Poitou, France.
c 1115 CE.
Dampened pigment on plaster.
Created by many artists in groups.

23. Tower of Babel (continued)
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Purpose was to illustrate the story of the Tower of Babel on the Church’s
nave
According to Bible, humans attempted to build a tower to the heavens,
God punished them by changing each of their languages so they could not
understand each other
Painting depicts workers hauling and placing blocks to form a tower. God
(far left, with halo) scolds them, body depicted as walking away from them
(they will not reach God with their tower)
Similar to many other works of Romanesque art, religious and Christian in
subject matter
Unlike other paintings in Italy, wet-plaster fresco NOT used - only slightly
dampened plaster
As it illustrates part of the Bible on the the nave of a church, represents
Christian religion - large part of Romanesque culture

24. Crucifix (mid 12th century)
•Catalunya, Spain
•Carved from Polychromed wood
•Shows Jesus Christ on the cross
•Recalls Byzantine work Volto Santo of Lucca
•Said to be carved by Nicodemus who moved
the body of Jesus
•Not commonly depicted with clothing
•Royal Robes emphasize king ship
•Designs to resemble Arabic writing on his
robes show honor
•Sculpture similar to this common in
Romanesque art
•Show deep Christian Faith

25. Tomb Cover With Effigy of Rudolf of Swabia:
c. 1080, Bronze with niello, 6’ 5½” x 2’ 2 ½”, Cathedral of Merseburg on Saxony,
Germany
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Bronze tomb effigies (portraits of the deceased)
Oldest known tomb effigy
Rudolf died in battle in 1080
Life size, king’s head modeled in high relief and
stands out from body like detached shield
Niello: fine linear detailing incised and filled with
black alloy
Spurs on his feet show he was a warrior
In hands, hold scepter and orb, significant of a
Christian king
Large-scale work (a traditional Romanesque
feature)

26. Closer pictures

27. •Mouth of Hell,
Winchester Psalter (c. 1150)
Ink and tempura on vellum
Commissioned by Henry of Blois, Bishop
Winchester, English king's brother
Inscription: “Here is hell and the angels who
are locking the doors”
It's a psalter—religious text
Sinners inside include rulers with crowns,
monks with shaved heads: “daring”
reminder about vulnerability of souls
Narrative style—chaotic, full of things
happening—can be traced to Carolingian
Utrecht Psalter (although pen work,
apparently, has become more controlled)
Despite action, dominated by framing
Parallels to Hellmouth images from liturgical
dramas (“mystery plays”)
Hell scenes (often with vulgar humor) often
most popular parts