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Topic 11.2: Muscles and Movement
Principles of locomotion: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Producing movement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Muscles:
Producing movement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Bones:
Producing movement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Joints
Structure of the Human Elbow Joint ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Antagonistic Pairs:   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Functions of the parts of the elbow ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Movement at the hip and knee joint
Knee Joint :   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Knee Joint
The Hip Joint   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example of a ball and socket ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pick up a heavy object in concentric Biceps flexion. Now lower and straighten your arm. You should feel your Biceps contracted but Triceps relaxed. That an eccentric contraction of the Biceps This just shows how complex movement can be!
Structure of Skeletal Muscle ,[object Object],[object Object]
Structure of Skeletal Muscle ,[object Object],[object Object]
Structure of Skeletal Muscle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Electron Microscope images
Electron Microscope images ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sliding Filament theory (theory muscle contraction) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sliding Filament theory   (theory muscle contraction) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sliding Filament theory (theory muscle contraction) ,[object Object],10. When relaxed the tropomyosin sits on the outside of the actin blocking the binding sites. 11. Myosin cannot cross bridges with actin until the tropomyosin moves into the groove.
Sliding Filament theory (theory muscle contraction) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cross Bridge Cycle If electron micrographs of a relaxed and contracted myofibril are compared it can be seen that: • These show that each sarcomere gets shorter when the muscle contracts, so the whole muscle gets shorter. • But the dark band, which represents the thick filament, does not change in length. • This shows that the filaments don’t contract themselves, but instead they slide past each other.
Sliding Filament theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sliding Filament theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Muscles & Bones Topic 11.2

  • 1. Topic 11.2: Muscles and Movement
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. Movement at the hip and knee joint
  • 10.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Pick up a heavy object in concentric Biceps flexion. Now lower and straighten your arm. You should feel your Biceps contracted but Triceps relaxed. That an eccentric contraction of the Biceps This just shows how complex movement can be!
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25. Cross Bridge Cycle If electron micrographs of a relaxed and contracted myofibril are compared it can be seen that: • These show that each sarcomere gets shorter when the muscle contracts, so the whole muscle gets shorter. • But the dark band, which represents the thick filament, does not change in length. • This shows that the filaments don’t contract themselves, but instead they slide past each other.
  • 26.
  • 27.