Pathology pathanatomy pharmacology

1. CHRONIC
INFLAMMATION
Submitted By
Sinsha Yesudasan
General Medicine Group 300

2. DEFINITION
Chronic inflammation is also referred to as slow,
long-term inflammation lasting for prolonged
periods of several months to years.

3. Effector Cells of the Chronic Inflammatory
Response :
• - fibroblasts
• - Monocyte/macrophage
• - Epitheloid macrophage
• - MGCs
• - Dendritic cells
• - Lymphocytes
• - NKcells
• - Mast cell
• - Endothelial cells

8. PATHOGENESIS
• Chronic inflammation can result from the
following: Failure of eliminating the agent
causing an acute inflammation such as
infectious organisms including Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, protozoa, fungi, and other
parasites that can resist host defenses and
remain in the tissue for an extended period.

10. Symptoms of Chronic Inflammation
• Body pain, arthralgia, myalgia.
• Chronic fatigue and insomnia.
• Depression, anxiety and mood disorders.
• Gastrointestinal complications like constipation,
diarrhea, and acid reflux.
• Weight gain or weight loss.
• Frequent infections.

11. Morphologic forms
• Fibrinous inflammation.
• Granulomatous inflammation.
• Purulent inflammation.
• Serous inflammation.
• Ulceration.

12. Outcomes
DNA damage, tissue death, and internal
scarring.
 Chronic inflammation is involved in the
disease process of many conditions,
including:
• Alzheimer's disease.
• Asthma.
• Cancer.
• Heart disease.
• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing
spondylitis (AS).
• Type 2 diabetes.

13. GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION
• Is a distinct type of chronic inflammation in which cells
• of monocyte-macrophage system are predominant
• and take the form of Macrophage, epitheloid
• macrophage and MGCs
• Development of granulomatous inflammation requires
• multiple factors :
• (1) An inciting agent, usually with indigestible, poorly
• degradable and persistent antigens(e.g Mycobacteria
• spp.)
• (2) A host immune response, usually an intense T cellmediated response
• (3) The interplay of various cytokines produced by cells
• within the chronic inflammation lesion.

14. • Classification of granulomatous inflammation :
• 1. Diffuse (lepromatous) granuloma
• 2. Nodular (tuberculoid) granuloma
• 3. Eosinophilic granuloma

15. THANK YOU