معرفی متدهای چابک A brief introduction to the Agile methods

1. ‫افزار‬‫نرم‬ ‫تولید‬ ‫در‬ ‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬ ‫بر‬ ‫ی‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫مر‬
(Agile Methods)
‫ار‬‫ز‬‫اف‬‫نرم‬‫آکادمی‬
‫تابستان‬1394

2. ‫بررسی‬ ‫یک‬ ‫نتایج‬
Detailed results online at www.ambysoft.com/surveys/ 2

3. ‫صنعت‬ ‫در‬ ‫افزار‬‫نرم‬ ‫تولید‬ ‫متدهای‬ ‫انواع‬
• On an iterative software development project the team follows a process which is organized into
periods that are often referred to as iterations or time boxes. On any given day of the project
team members may be gathering requirements, doing design, writing code, testing, and so on. An
example of an iterative process is RUP.
• On an agile software development project the team follows an iterative process which is also
lightweight, highly collaborative, self-organizing, and quality focused. An example of an agile
process is OpenUP, Scrum, and XP.
• Lean is a label applied to a customer value-focused mindset/philosophy. A lean process
continuously strives to optimize value to the end customer, while minimizing waste which may be
measured in terms of time, quality, and cost. Ultimately the Lean journey is the development of a
learning organization. Examples of Lean methods/processes include Kanban and Scrumban.
• On a traditional software development project the team follows a staged process where the
requirements are first identified, then the architecture/design is defined, then the coding occurs,
then testing, then deployment. Traditional processes are often referred to as "waterfall" or simply
"serial" processes.
• On an ad-hoc software development project the team does not follow a defined process.
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4. Agile Pyramid
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5. ‫نامه‬‫بیان‬(‫مانیفست‬)
‫چابکی‬
5

6. THE AGILE MANIFESTO
2001www.agilemanifesto.org 6
‫چابک‬ ‫یکرد‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫با‬‫افزار‬‫نرم‬ ‫ی‬‫توسعه‬‫ی‬‫نامه‬‫بیان‬
‫ما‬‫با‬‫افزار‬‫نرم‬ ‫ی‬‫توسعه‬‫در‬ ‫دیگران‬ ‫به‬ ‫کمک‬ ‫و‬
‫انجام‬،‫آن‬‫کشف‬ ‫حال‬ ‫در‬‫های‬‫راه‬‫برای‬ ‫بهتری‬
‫هستیم‬ ‫افزار‬‫نرم‬ ‫ی‬‫توسعه‬.‫ارج‬ ‫ما‬ ،‫راه‬ ‫این‬ ‫در‬
‫گذاریم‬‫می‬:
‫افراد‬‫تعامالت‬ ‫و‬‫باالتر‬ ‫را‬‫از‬‫فرایندها‬‫و‬
‫ابزارها‬
‫افزار‬‫نرم‬‫کارکننده‬‫باالتر‬ ‫را‬‫مستندات‬ ‫از‬
‫جامع‬
‫مشارکت‬‫کار‬ ‫انجام‬ ‫در‬ ‫مشتری‬‫باالتر‬ ‫را‬‫از‬
‫قرارداد‬‫کار‬

7. ...‫ی‬‫نامه‬‫بیان‬(‫مانیفست‬)‫چابکی‬-
‫اصول‬
THE AGILE PRINCIPLES
• (1) Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and continuous
delivery of valuable software.
• (2) Welcome changing requirements, even late in development. Agile processes
harness change for the customer's competitive advantage.
• (3) Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple of
months, with a preference to the shorter time-scale.
• (4) Business people and developers must work together daily throughout the
project.
• (5) Build projects around motivated individuals. Give them the environment and
support they need, and trust them to get the job done.
• (6) The most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and
within a development team is face-to-face conversation.
THE AGILE MANIFESTO
2001
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8. … THE AGILE PRINCIPLES
• (7) Working software is the primary measure of progress.
• (8) Agile processes promote sustainable development. The sponsors,
developers, and users should be able to maintain a constant pace
indefinitely.
• (9) Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design enhances
agility.
• (10) Simplicity – the art of maximizing the amount of work not done – is
essential.
• (11) The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from self-
organizing teams.
• (12) At regular intervals, the team reflects on how to become more
effective, then tunes and adjusts its behavior accordingly.
THE AGILE MANIFESTO
2001
...‫ی‬‫نامه‬‫بیان‬(‫مانیفست‬)‫چابکی‬-
‫اصول‬
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9. ‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬ ‫از‬ ‫برخی‬ ‫معرفی‬
9

10. Agile
Crystal
XPScrum
DSDM
FDD
Kanban RUP
and few more…
TDD
RAD
BDD
Lean
ASD
‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬
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11. ‫چابکی‬ ‫طیف‬
Iterative
Incremental
Evolutionary
‫تولید‬ ‫متدهای‬ ‫ی‬‫عمده‬ ‫بخش‬
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12. ‫ی‬‫درباره‬ ‫نادرست‬ ‫های‬‫دیدگاه‬ ‫برخی‬
‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬
• Agile is ad hoc, with no process control
• Agile isn’t a lack of process. Agile provides a range of formal processes, and methods,
to inform work processes, customer engagement and management models.
• Agile teams do not plan their work or write documentation
• Agile is not an excuse to avoid appropriate planning or writing documentation. It is
an on-demand, or Just-In-Time, approach that encourages continuous planning and
documentation, but only when needed for specific Customer Requirements.
• Agile is faster and/or cheaper
• An Agile project never ends
• Agile only works for small organizations
• Without upfront planning, Agile is wasteful
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13. ‫مقایسه‬‫فرایند‬‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬
• eXtreme Programming (XP)
1. Exploration
2. Planning
3. Iterations to first release
4. Production
5. Maintenance
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14. ‫مقایسه‬‫فرایند‬‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬
• Scrum
1. Pre-game
2. Development
3. Release
Crystal Clear
No defined Process
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15. ‫مقایسه‬‫فرایند‬‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬
• Feature Driven Development
1. Develop an Overall Model
2. Build a Features List
3. Plan by Feature
4. Design by Feature
5. Build by Feature
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16. ‫مقایسه‬‫فرایند‬‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬
• [Rational] Unified Process
1. Inception
2. Elaboration
3. Construction
4. Transition
• Adaptive Software Development
1. Speculate
2. Collaborate
3. Learn
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17. ‫مقایسه‬‫فرایند‬‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬
• Dynamic System Development Method
1. Feasibility
2. Business study
3. Functional Model Iteration
4. Design and build iteration
5. Implementation
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18. ‫مقایسه‬‫ها‬‫مسئولیت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ها‬‫نقش‬‫متدهای‬ ‫در‬
‫چابک‬
• eXtreme Programming (XP)
1. Coach
2. Programmer
3. Tester
4. Customer
5. Consultant
• Scrum
1. Product Owner
2. Scrum Team
3. Scrum Master
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19. ‫مقایسه‬‫ها‬‫مسئولیت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ها‬‫نقش‬‫متدهای‬ ‫در‬
‫چابک‬
• Crystal Clear
1. Sponsor
2. Designer-Programmers
3. Coordinator
4. Business Expert
5. Ambassador User
6. Lead Designer
7. Tester
8. Writer
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20. ‫مقایسه‬‫ها‬‫مسئولیت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ها‬‫نقش‬‫متدهای‬ ‫در‬
‫چابک‬
• Feature Driven Development
1. Project manager
2. Chief architect
3. Domain experts
4. Development Manager
5. Chief Programmers
6. Class owners
7. Environment Manager
8. Tester
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21. ‫مقایسه‬‫ها‬‫مسئولیت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ها‬‫نقش‬‫متدهای‬ ‫در‬
‫چابک‬
• Rational Unified Process
30 roles called workers
• Adaptive Software Development
1. Project Manager
2. Developer representative
3. Facilitator
4. Customer
5. Scribe
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22. ‫مقایسه‬‫ها‬‫مسئولیت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ها‬‫نقش‬‫متدهای‬ ‫در‬
‫چابک‬
• Dynamic System Development Method
1. Project Manager
2. Team Leader
3. Developer
4. Tester
5. Scribe
6. Advisor User
7. Technical Coordinator
8. Executive Sponsor
9. Visionary
10. Ambassador User
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23. ‫مقایسه‬‫ها‬‫پراکتیس‬‫در‬‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬
• eXtreme Programming (XP)
1. Planning game
2. Small/short releases
3. System Metaphor
4. Simple design
5. Testing
6. Frequent Refactoring
7. Pair programming
8. Collective ownership
9. Continuous integration
10. 40-hour week (sustainable pace)
11. On-site customer
12. Coding standards
13. Open workspace
14. Just rules
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24. ‫مقایسه‬‫ها‬‫پراکتیس‬‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬ ‫در‬
• Scrum
1. Self-directed and self-organizing team
2. No external addition of work to an iteration, once chosen
3. Daily standup meeting with special questions
4. Usually 30-calendar day iterations
5. Demo to external stakeholders at end of each iteration
6. Each iteration, client-driven adaptive planning
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25. ‫مقایسه‬‫ها‬‫پراکتیس‬‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬ ‫در‬
• Crystal Clear
1. Frequent delivery
2. Close communication
3. Reflective improvement
4. Personal safety
5. Focus
6. Easy access to experts users
7. Technical environment
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26. ‫مقایسه‬‫ها‬‫پراکتیس‬‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬ ‫در‬
• Feature Driven Development
1. Domain Object Modeling
2. Developing by Feature
3. Individual Class (Code) Ownership
4. Feature Teams
5. Inspections
6. Regular Builds
7. Configuration Management
8. Reporting/Visibility of Results
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27. ‫مقایسه‬‫ها‬‫پراکتیس‬‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬ ‫در‬
• [Rational] Unified Process
1. Develop Software iteratively
2. Manage requirements
3. Use component based architectures
4. Visually model software
5. Continuously verify software quality
6. Control changes to software
27

28. ‫مقایسه‬‫ها‬‫پراکتیس‬‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬ ‫در‬
• Dynamic System Development Method
1. Active user involvement is imperative
2. Teams must be empowered to make decisions
3. The focus is on frequent delivery of products
4. Fitness for business purpose
5. An iterative and incremental approach
6. All changes during development are reversible
7. Requirements are base lined at a high level
8. Testing is integrated throughout the lifecycle
9. A collaborative and co-operative approach
28

29. ‫مقایسه‬‫ها‬‫پراکتیس‬‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬ ‫در‬
• Adaptive Software Development
1. Iterative development
2. Feature-based (component based) planning
3. Customer focus group reviews
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30. ‫مقایسه‬‫ی‬‫محدوده‬‫متدهای‬‫چابک‬
• eXtreme Programming
• Small and medium size team (between 3 and 20 members)
• Scrum
• Small teams (less than 10 members)
• Crystal Clear
• Any size team but not cover life critical projects
• Adaptive Software Development
• Not built-in limitations
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31. ‫مقایسه‬‫ی‬‫محدوده‬‫متدهای‬‫چابک‬
• Feature Driven Development
• effective on large projects with complex business logic
• Suitable for the development of critical systems
• Upgrading existing code, second version
• Rational Unified Process
• Not built-in limitations
• Dynamic System Development Method
• Has been applied in small and large projects
• More easily applied to business systems than to engineering or scientific
application
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32. ‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬ ‫برخی‬ ‫مقایسه‬(‫افزار‬‫نرم‬ ‫حیات‬ ‫ی‬‫چرخه‬ ‫پوشش‬)
‫مدیریت‬‫پروژه‬
‫مدیریت‬‫تیم‬
‫ها‬‫نیازمندی‬
‫معماری‬
‫سازی‬‫پیاده‬
‫تست‬
‫پشتیبانی‬
‫استقرار‬(‫وکار‬‫کسب‬)
‫روزانه‬
(day to day)
‫ی‬‫چرخه‬‫کاری‬
(iteration)
‫ارا‬‫ئ‬‫ی‬‫ه‬‫ی‬‫نسخه‬‫تحویلی‬
(release)
‫پروژه‬
(project)
XP
Scrum
Prince2
RUP
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33. ‫پیشنهادی‬ ‫راهکار‬ ‫یک‬
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34. ‫چابکی‬+‫دیسیپلین‬
‫ها‬‫پروژه‬ ‫بر‬ ‫حاکمیت‬
‫ناب‬ ‫تولید‬ ‫تجارب‬ ‫کارگیری‬‫به‬
‫مشتری‬ ‫به‬ ‫راهکار‬ ‫انتقال‬
‫پروژه‬ ‫شروع‬
‫چرخه‬ ‫کل‬ ‫مالحظات‬ ‫پوشش‬
‫سازمان‬ ‫کالن‬ ‫مالحظات‬ ‫پوشش‬
‫گرا‬‫هدف‬
‫راهکار‬ ‫تدریجی‬ ‫تحویل‬
‫پیوسته‬ ‫یادگیری‬
‫کاهش‬[‫طول‬]‫بازخورد‬ ‫ی‬‫چرخه‬
34

35. ‫پیشنهادی‬ ‫کار‬ ‫چرخه‬-‫کلی‬ ‫مرور‬
Disciplined Agile Delivery
35

36. ‫پیشنهادی‬ ‫کار‬ ‫چرخه‬-‫فازها‬ ‫اهداف‬
36

37. •‫راهکار‬ ‫ی‬‫ارائه‬ ‫بر‬ ‫تمرکز‬(Solution)‫افزار‬‫نرم‬ ‫فقط‬ ‫نه‬ ‫و‬
•‫راهکار‬=‫افزار‬‫نرم‬+‫سازمانی‬ ‫و‬ ‫فنی‬ ‫مستندات‬+[‫افزار‬‫سخخت‬+ ]
[‫شخخونده‬‫متحول‬ ‫سخخازمانی‬ ‫فراینخخدهای‬[ + ]‫سخخاختار‬ ‫در‬ ‫تحخخوالت‬
‫سازمانی‬+ ]‫نگهداری‬ ‫خدمات‬
•‫تولید‬ ‫های‬‫تیم‬ ‫در‬ ‫اسکرام‬ ‫رویکرد‬ ‫کارگیری‬‫به‬
•‫مشتری‬ ‫با‬ ‫تعامل‬ ‫در‬ ‫سازمان‬ ‫بلوغ‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫ارتقاء‬
•‫مدیریت‬ ‫و‬ ‫محصول‬ ‫مدیریت‬ ‫کارکردهای‬ ‫و‬ ‫ها‬‫نقش‬ ‫تعریف‬ ‫خصوص‬ ‫به‬
‫سرویس‬/‫راهکار‬
•،‫ابزارها‬ ،‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬ ‫خصوص‬ ‫در‬ ‫پرسنل‬ ‫آموزش‬
‫نسخه‬ ‫تحویل‬ ‫و‬ ‫بندی‬‫پیکره‬ ،‫تست‬ ‫های‬‫رویه‬ ،‫ها‬‫زیرساخت‬
•‫استفاده‬ ‫مورد‬ ‫های‬‫فناوری‬ ‫مستندسازی‬(Technology Stack)‫همراه‬
‫مالکیت‬ ‫دقیق‬ ‫تعریف‬ ‫با‬(ownership)،‫خدمات‬ ‫سطوح‬ ‫و‬
‫برای‬ ‫شده‬‫مدیریت‬ ‫و‬ ‫مجزا‬ ً‫کامال‬ ‫های‬‫محیط‬ ‫آوری‬‫فراهم‬
‫نسخه‬ ‫تحویل‬ ‫و‬ ،‫تست‬ ،‫تولید‬
•‫تمامی‬ ‫برای‬ ‫وکار‬‫کسب‬ ‫فرایندهای‬ ‫مستندسازی‬ ‫و‬ ‫تعریف‬
‫پیشنهادی‬ ‫کار‬ ‫چرخه‬-‫مالحظات‬ ‫برخی‬
37

38. ‫افزار‬‫نرم‬ ‫آکادمی‬ 38
‫افزار‬‫نرم‬ ‫تولید‬ ‫در‬‫چابک‬ ‫متدهای‬‫بر‬ ‫ی‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫مر‬
(Agile Methods)

39. 39
THE TRADITIONAL APPROACH
(PHASED DELIVERY OF KNOWN OUTPUTS)
THE AGILE APPROACH
(ITERATIVE DELIVERY TO MEET CHANGING EXPECTATIONS)

40. ‫کمکی‬ ‫اسالیدهای‬
40

41. ‫محصول‬ ‫مدیریت‬
‫سرویس‬ ‫مدیریت‬/‫راهکار‬
‫وکار‬‫کسب‬ ‫تحلیلگر‬(BA)‫و‬
‫طراح‬‫کاربری‬ ‫ی‬‫تجربه‬(UXD)
‫تیم‬(‫های‬)‫افزاری‬‫نرم‬ ‫محصول‬ ‫تولید‬
[‫کاسپین‬ ‫داخل‬]
‫سرویس‬ ‫پشتیبانی‬ ‫و‬ ‫نگهداری‬ ‫تیم‬
‫افزاری‬‫نرم‬ ‫محصول‬ ‫استقرار‬ ‫تیم‬
‫دسک‬‫هلپ‬
‫مشتری‬
Test Cases
Detailed Design
Releases
… ‫تیم‬(‫های‬)‫افزاری‬‫نرم‬ ‫محصول‬ ‫تولید‬
[‫کاسپین‬ ‫از‬ ‫خارج‬]
Requirements Spec.
UX Design
Release Plan
PMO
SQA
R&D
Data Migration, Training, …
‫تیم‬(‫های‬)‫سرویس‬ ‫پشتیبانی‬ ‫و‬ ‫نگهداری‬
[‫کاسپین‬ ‫از‬ ‫خارج‬]
41
DRAFT IDEA!

42. WATERFALL
MODEL
42

43. RAPID
APPLICATION
DEVELOPMENT
43

44. DYNAMIC SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT MODEL
METHODOLOGY
44

45. SPIRAL
MODEL
45

46. EXTREME
PROGRAMMING
METHODOLOGY
46

47. FEATURE DRIVEN
DEVELOPMENT
47

48. JOINT APPLICATION
DEVELOPMENT
METHODOLOGY
48

49. LEAN
DEVELOPMENT
METHODOLOGY
49

50. RATIONAL UNIFIED
PROCESS
METHODOLOGY
50

51. SCRUM
DEVELOPMENT
METHODOLOGY
51

52. PROTOTYPE
METHODOLOGY
52

53. AGILE SOFTWARE
DEVELOPMENT
METHODOLOGY
53