Define the following: Normal species Vulnerable species Endangered species Threaten species Critically Endangered species Rare species Endemic species Extinct species

1. Lecture
on
Endangered Species and
Conservation Methods
Organized
By
Manyapragathi
Speaker
Ravi Gedela M.Tech IITG, (PhD IITG)
Head of the department (i/c)
Assistant professor
Department of Bio-Sciences
RGUKT Nuzvid, India.
https://rguktn.ac.in/profile/120102N
Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge
Technologies, Nuzvid

3. Endangered Species Day
• Endangered Species Day, which falls on the
third Friday in May each year, is a day to
celebrate endangered species success stories
and learn about species still in danger.
• Learn what the National Wildlife Federation is
doing to protect endangered species and how
to support Endangered Species Day.

4. What is an Endangered Species?
• International Union for Conservation of
Nature (IUCN) defined :
• An endangered species is an animal or plant
that's considered at risk of extinction.
• A species can be listed as endangered at the
state, federal, and international level.
• On the federal level, the endangered species
list is managed under the Endangered Species
Act.

5. IUCN Red List Data
• International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) IUCN
Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1963, is the world's most
comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status
of biological species.
• Define the following:
1. Normal species
2. Vulnerable species
3. Endangered species
4. Threaten species
5. Critically Endangered species
6. Rare species
7. Endemic species
8. Extinct species

6. 1.Normal species
IUCN, species whose population levels are considered to be
normal for their survival such as cattles, goats, rodents, etc.
Rodents
Cattle and pine

7. 2.Vulnerable Species
• IUCN as likely to become Endangered unless the
circumstances threatening its survival
and reproduction improve.
• There are currently 4728 animals and
4914 plants classified as Vulnerable, compared with
1998 levels of 2815 and 3222, respectively.

8. Hornbill Gangetic Dolphin Asiatic Elephant
Blue Whale

9. 3. Threatened Species
• IUCN, Threatened species that are likely to
become endangered in the near future, an
animal or plant species likely to become
endangered within the predictable future its
range including animals, plants, fungi, etc.
• which are vulnerable to endangerment in the
near future.

10. Hybrid Spider
Monkey& Asiatic
Cheetah
Hawksbill Sea
Turtle, Cuban Boa
& Chinese Alligator

11. 4. Endangered Species ?
• IUCN, Endangered species species that are likely to
become extinct throughout all or a large portion of
their range.
• Endangered species are facing a very high risk of
extinction or an animal or plant species likely to
become endangered within the predictable future
its range including animals, plants, fungi, etc.

12. Lion tailed macaque
Black Buck
Kingfisher,
California
Condor &
Whooping
Crane

13. IUCN, Critical habitat areas vital to the survival of endangered or
threatened species.
critically Endangered species are those that are facing an
extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
I. The highest risk category assigned by the IUCN Red List for
wild species.
II. There are currently 2129 animals and 1821 plants with this
assessment, compared with 1998 levels of 854 and 909,
respectively.
5.Critically Endangered Species

14. Tiger, Giant Panda &
Black Rhinoceros

15. 6. Rare species
 IUCN, Species with small population may move into the
endangered or vulnerable category if the negative factors
affecting them continue to operate. The examples of such
species are the Himalayan brown bear, wild Asiatic buffalo,
desert fox and hornbill, etc.
Himalayan Brown Bear

16.  IUCN, these are species which are only found in some
particular areas usually isolated by natural or geographical
barriers. Examples of such species are the Andaman teal,
Nicobar pigeon, Andaman wild pig, Mithun in Arunchal
Pradesh.
Andaman Teal
Nicobar Pigeon
7.Endemic Species

17. 8.Extinct Species
1. IUCN, these are species which are not found after searches
of known or likely areas where they may occur.
2. A species may be extinct from a local area, region, country,
continent or the entire earth.
Examples of such species are the Asiatic cheetah, pink head
duck.
Asiatic Cheetah Pink Head Duck

18. Biodiversity Conservation Methods
• 1. Conservation: To ensure the conservation of
ecosystem, species and genetic resources.
• 2. Development: To promote economic development,
while maintaining cultural, social and ecological
identity.
• 3. Scientific Research: To provide support for research
related to monitoring and education, local, national
and global issues.
• Biosphere reserves serve in some ways as ‘living
laboratories’ for testing out and demonstrating
integrated management of land, water and
biodiversity.

19. 1. Maintenance of essential ecological processes and life support
systems on which human survival and economic activities
depend
2. Preservation of species and genetic diversity
3. Sustainable use of species and ecosystems which support
millions of rural communities as well as major industries.
4. There is an urgent need, not only to manage and conserve the
biotic wealth, but also restore the degraded ecosystems.
5. Thus a logical strategy for conservation of biodiversity should
involve:
Protection, preservation, maintenance, exploitation,
conservation and sustainable utilization of
Biodiversity..
Strategies & Priorities

20. Types of Conservation Methods
• 1. In-situ conservation
• 2. Ex-situ conservation

21. 1. In-situ conservation, the conservation of species in their natural
habitats, is considered the most appropriate way of conserving
biodiversity.
2. Conserving the areas where populations of species exist
naturally is an underlying condition for the conservation of
biodiversity.
3. India’s national strategy for conserve of biodiversity.
Hotspots (4),
Bioreservers (15),
National Parks(96),
Sanctuaries (490)
1. In-Situ Conservation

22. The olive ridley sea turtle Conservation
i. The species is the second-smallest and most abundant of all sea turtles found
in the world.
ii. Olive ridley turtles are best known for their behavior of synchronized nesting
in mass numbers, termed arribadas.return to the same beach from where
they hatched, to lay their eggs.
iii. In the Indian Ocean, the majority of olive ridleys nest in two or three large
groups near Gahirmatha in Odisha.
iv. The coast of Odisha in India is one of the largest mass nesting sites for the
olive ridley, along with the coasts of Mexico and Costa Rica.

23. Advantages of in-situ conservation
1. The flora and fauna live in natural habitats without human
interference.
2. The life cycles of the organisms and their evolution
progresses in a natural way.
3. In-situ conservation provides the required green cover and
its associated benefits to our environment.
4. It is less expensive and easy to manage.
5. The interests of the indigenous people are also protected.

24. 1. Ex-situ conservation is the preservation of components of
biological diversity outside their natural habitats.
2. This involves conservation of genetic resources, as well as wild
and cultivated or species, and draws on a diverse body of
techniques and facilities.
3. E.g: Such strategies include establishment of botanical gardens,
zoos, conservation strands and gene, pollen seed, seedling, tissue
culture and DNA banks.
4. In vitro plant tissue and microbial culture collections
5. Captive breeding of animals and artificial propagation of plants,
with possible reintroduction into the wild.
2. Ex-situ conservation

25. Conti..
• i. Seed gene bank:
These are cold storages where seeds are kept under
controlled temperature and humidity for storage and
this is easiest way to store the germ plasma of plants at
low temperature. Seeds preserved under controlled
conditions (minus temperature) remain viable for long
durations of time.
• ii. Gene bank:
Genetic variability also is preserved by gene bank
under normal growing conditions. These are cold
storages where germ plam are kept under controlled
temperature and humidity for storage; this is an
important way of preserving the genetic resources.

26. Conti..
• iii. Cryo-preservation:
This is the newest application of technology for
preservation of biotic parts. This type of conservation
is done at very low temperature (196°C) in liquid
nitrogen. The metabolic activities of the organisms are
suspended under low temperature, which are later
used for research purposes.
• iv. Tissue culture bank:
Cryopreservation of disease free meristems is very
helpful. Long term culture of excised roots and shoots
are maintained. Meristem culture is very popular in
plant propagation as it’s a virus and disease free
method of multiplication.

27. Advantages of ex-situ preservation:
1. It is useful for declining population of species.
2. Endangered animals on the verge of extinction
are successfully breeded.
3. Threatened species are breeded in captivity and
then released in the natural habitats.
4. Ex-situ centers offer the possibilities of
observing wild animals, which is otherwise not
possible.
5. It is extremely useful for conducting research
and scientific work on different species.

28. How to fix Species loss
1. Natural Causes
2. Man made activities
3. Natural Causes
4. Habitat Destruction
5. Invasive Species
6. Over exploitation
7. Climate Change
8. Pollution
9. Overpopulation
10.Urbanization

30. 1) Cretaceous (About 65 million years ago)
2) Triassic (About 208 million years ago)
3) Permian (About 245 million years ago)
4) Devonian (About 360 million years ago)
5) Ordovician (About 438 million years ago)
6) Present mass extinction going on..?
Present 6th Mass Extinctions going on…

31. Thank you