How social media could help to forged a new Democratic Model?

1. Sonia Eyaan
Politics 3.0: A New Democratic Model Forged by Civil
Society and Digital Technology

2. “In the digital era, political parties represent the 19th century.
We need to take a 22nd century approach in order to bring politics into the 21st century. ”
Divina Frau-Meigs, media researcher

3. Summary
What do the French think of national politics? (case study)
Use of social media by politicians
Digital technology in the service of a participatory and inclusive
democracy
Digital technology in the service of ethical, moral politics
Moving towards forward-looking, predictive politics

4. What do the French think of national
politics? (case study)

5. What do the French think of national politics?
82% 93%
88%
80%
86%
74%
How can digital
technology help to
recast politics?
According to the May 2014 BVA-Orange national political barometer:
Say that
they do
not trust
political
parties
Believe that politicians do not
make interesting proposals
Feel that government policy
is ineffective
Consider that parties do
not select the best
potential candidates
Consider that parties are not
managed transparently
Believe that government
policy is not fair

6. Use of social media by politicians

7. Use of social media by politicians …
Posting selfies
Publicizing campaign
agendas
Interacting with
constituents
Giving voting
instructions
Settling scores
Posting
anecdotes
President Obama, the Danish Prime Minister Helle Thorning-
Schmidt and Britain's David Cameron took a happy selfie at
Nelson Mandela's memorial service (Dec. 10, 2013)
Who is Nadine Morano,
a former minister under
President Sarkozy, talking to?

8. … Self-promotion and influencing voters
Source: Politiquement correct

9. Cyber trespass
Cyber contraband
Cyber contraband
Child pornography
Cyber stalking
Drug sales
Computer-based
fraud
And yet, cybercrime continues to grow…1/3
Cyber theft
Advertising or
soliciting prostitution
through the internet

10. According to the 2014 McAfee Labs Top Security Threat Predictions:
Mobile malware will dominate the greater malware realm with a
heavy-handed emphasis on technical advancement that will
drive the volume of attacks to new highs.
The rising popularity of unregulated virtual currencies such
as Bitcoin will cause cybercriminals to launch malicious
ransomware attacks on a worldwide scale.
Attacks on social media platforms will not only put users’
private information at risk, but social media breaches will
become nearly ubiquitous by the end of the year
Data stored in cloud-based applications will continue to be a
favored target for cybercriminals and possibly put big data at a
great risk. The small business sector will most likely witness
the bulk of these attacks.
And yet, cybercrime continues to grow…2/3

11. 87%
48%
52%
7%
76%
Agree that the
risk of becoming
a victim of
cybercrime has
increased in the
past year
Have changed some of their
online passwords during the
past year
Avoid disclosing personal
information online
Still do not feel well
informed about the risks
of cybercrime
Have been the victim of credit
card or banking fraud online
In the IBM 5in5 report (2013) IBM imagines that 5 years
from now, a digital guardian will protect you online.
This guardian, who is trained to focus on the people
and items it is entrusted with, based on 360 degree
analysis of an individual’s data, devices and
applications, will make inferences about what is
normal or reasonable activity. Deviations that could be
precursors to an attack or identity theft will trigger an
In a Eurobarometer poll on cybercrime (22 November 2013) out of 27,680
internet users in the EU:
And yet, cybercrime continues to grow…3/3
12%
Have already had a social media
or email account hacked

12. … The development of the cyber hate …
Geography of Hate (USA)
Students at Humboldt State University have geotagged
racist , homophobic and anti-disability tweets in the
United States and plotted them on an interactive map.
The students read each individual tweet and manually
code the sentiment of each tweet to determine if the
given word was used in a positive, negative or neutral
way.
#putosjudios
Over 17,500 anti-Semitic tweets posted in Spain (May
2014) after the victory of Tel Aviv against Real Madrid in
the Euroleague men's basketball final.
Lookismus gegen rechts
A blog which posts pictures and names of internet
users who make racist comments online has caused a
stir in Germany. Is it going too far?

13. … The craze for cyber-activism…
Avaaz.org
Avaaz is a campaigning
community that brings
people-powered politics
to decision-making
worldwide. The
organization operates in
15 languages and claims
over 30 million members
in 194 countries.
MafiaLeaks.org
The website is “a mediator“
between potential
informants on Mafia
activity and those who can
act on the information,
such as journalists, anti-
Mafia organizations and
law enforcement agencies.
FWD.us
A lobbying group led by
Mark Zuckerberg and Joe
Green, based in the
United States that aims
to lobby and advocate for
its version of
immigration reform and
changes to the US
education system

14. And media coverage of cyber “anarchist vigilantes” who don’t play
by the rules of the political game
Chaos Computer Club (CCC)
The CCC is Europe's largest association of hackers.
It describes itself as “a galactic community of life
forms, independent of age, sex, race or societal
orientation, which strives across borders for
freedom of information.” The CCC also advocates
transparency in government and the human right to
communication.
Anonymous
A loosely associated international network of
activist and hacktivist entities. The Anonymous
collective became increasingly associated with
collaborative hacktivism on a number of issues
internationally. Supporters have called the group
"freedom fighters" and “digital Robin Hoods” while
critics have described them as "a cyber lynch-mob"
or "cyber terrorists"

15. Digital media in the service of a
participatory and inclusive democracy

16. Communities and think tanks are vital if a democracy is to function correctly.
However, the world is changing. The rapid development of social media is a
game-changer. Adopting a digital, collaborative strategy encourages
interactions between citizens.

17. Open Government for an open democracy
Open Government Partnership
OGP was launched in 2011 to provide an international
platform for domestic reformers committed to making
their governments more open and responsive to citizens.
Since then, OGP has grown from 8 to 64 countries, in
which government and civil society are working together
to develop government reforms.

18. The IBM report “Using Crowdsourcing In Government” provides a
strategic view of crowdsourcing and identifies four specific types:
Knowledge Discovery and
Management
Distributed Human
Intelligence Tasking
The National Archives of Australia
The National Archives of Australia
(NAA) launched the arcHIVE project to
encourage the public to transcribe
archive records into their collection to
make them easier to find.
Political crowdsourcing: a participatory approach to democracy 1/2
Datapoa
In November 2013, Porto Alegre
launched a crowdsourcing platform that
gathers information directly from
citizens on matters such as sanitation,
health, the environment and traffic to
help improve urban life.
1
2

19. Political crowdsourcing: a participatory approach to democracy 2/2
The IBM report “Using Crowdsourcing In Government” provides a strategic view
of crowdsourcing and identifies four specific types:
Avoin Ministeriö
The Open Ministry (Avoin ministeriö in
Finnish) is a non-profit organization that
helps crowdsource legislation. Since
March 1, 2012 the Citizens' Initiative Act
in Finland requires the parliament to vote
on initiatives that are supported by
50,000 people online.
Next Stop Designing Chicago BRT Station
2013 Burnham Prize Competition: NEXT
STOP is a competition that seeks to
integrate innovative and compelling
transportation design into Chicago’s
urban fabric, which can transform space
and community.
Broadcast Search
Peer-Vetted Creative
Production
3
4

20. Digital technology in the service of
ethical, moral politics

21. Campaign accounts for the 2012 French presidential election

22. Does this scandal point to a system
that is no longer adapted to the current
challenges facing political parties?
Mr. Sarkozy’s campaign accounts following the Bygmalion scandal
According to
Mediapart, more
than 17 million euros
were concealed from
the French National
Commission for
Election Financing
(CNCCFP).
Which digital
tools can lead to
more ethical
campaigns?

23. Political crowdfunding “Made in the USA”…
2008
2012
2014...
• By using a donation-based
crowdfunding strategy to target small
donors, half of Obama’s donations
came from crowdfunding.
• Social media and crowdfunding
relied on an emotional connection,
which created a direct link between
potential donors and Obama’s
message.
Sunlight Foundation
held a series of
webinars in 2014 on
the influence of
money in elections
and to promote
more transparent
political campaigns.
VoteRaise.org
is a new, nonpartisan
crowdfunding platform that
launched in May 2014 to give
people the option of raising or
donating early contributions for a
campaign, with a guaranteed
refund if the candidate stays out
of the race.
• The Obama campaign raised $750
million from small donors.(John
McCain raised $350 million)
• 2/3 of financing came from small gifts
($86 on average)

24. … A political campaigning tool…
To test a
candidate’s
popularity
ahead of
time
To increase
donor
involvement
in decision-
making
To increase
campaign
finance
transparency
To establish
direct
communication
between donors
and candidates
To raise
early
campaign
funds

25. …And general interest projects
Give money to
the homeless
In France, the National Monuments
Center has joined force with
MyMajorCompany, a French crowd
funding specialist, to raise money for
four national landmarks, including
restoration projects at the Panthéon
and Mont St. Michel.
Handup.us is unique in that it allows you
to specify a specific homeless individual
to receive your donations. The site also
identifies why the individual is seeking
funding. These individuals are often
identified by the neighborhood they
usually frequent.
Restoration of
French
national
heritage

26. World Bank Group President Jim
Yong Kim joined UN Secretary-
General Ban Ki-moon in April 19,
2013, for Global Voices on
Poverty, an interactive event
featuring world leaders, opinion
makers, and a global online
audience discussing what it takes
to end poverty.
Following his fifth State of the Union address,
President Obama took a virtual road trip across the
country via Google+ Hangouts to discuss the issues
and policies laid out in the speech with citizens from
around the country.
A GLOBAL
INTERACTIVE
DEBATE
ORGANIZED BY
THE WORLD
BANK
BARACK OBAMA
VIRTUAL ROAD
TRIP (GOOGLE+
HANGOUT)
Online events…

27. Innovate
Collect,
compile and
analyze
exchanges
Generate
collective
knowledge
Ensure
meeting
continuity
Avoid
electoral
campaign
budget
overruns
…A solution to increase democratic interactions

28. Moving towards forward-looking,
predictive politics

29. Information literacy in 2025 and beyond 1/3
Information teleportation
A team of scientists at the University of Delft‘s
Kavli Institute of Nanoscience used the concept
of quantum entanglement to transport
information a distance of three meters from one
diamond to another without passing it through
the space in between.
The teleportation of information will help to
create a more secure communication network.
Quantum cryptography will make it possible for
one government to communicate with another
in complete confidentiality, with no need for a
shared secret key that would could be
intercepted by a network of cyber terrorists.
CREDIT: voyager624/Shutterstock

30. Information literacy in 2025 and beyond 2/3
Holographic Information
Holography is a technical spatial
representation that simultaneously reproduces
all the viewing angles of a set of information.
Human subjectivity and the multiple realities
perceived by each person can be seen through
this complexity. Use of these tools will show
how a change in reference point and observer
can directly affect the information that can be
perceived.
By removing all the emotional and subjective
factors that clutter up data, holographic
information will, for example, show the various
possible scenarios if a candidate is elected (or
not).
CREDIT: Avatar, James Cameron

31. The artificial brain
Following on from the Human Brain Project that was
launched in 2005 in the Lausanne École
Polytechnique in Switzerland, the Brain initiative
started in April 2013 during President Obama’s
second term.
These projects aim to gather as much data as
possible on the brain, map neurons and, ultimately,
to convert the contents of a brain into digital format
and to transfer them to a computer.
Information literacy in 2025 and beyond 3/3
CREDIT: Andrew Ostrovsky / iStockphoto / THINKSTOCK

32. Information literacy today
Research for predicting critical societal events in the
near to distant future (1 to 5+ years) is in progress. A
conference on "Predicting the Likelihood of Financial
Crises With the Help of Information Theory“ was held
at The Graduate Institute of Geneva (IHEID) in October
2013.
In order to win the 2012 election, Barack
Obama used big data, in particular to
determine the optimum amount to request
from donors. Specialists agree that big data
will play an even greater role in the 2016
US presidential election.
According to Virginia Tech university research,
there is a potential to use ‘big data’ as a lever for
tracking trends and making forecasts for critical
societal events, including civil unrest, elections,
disease outbreaks, and criminal activities, with
quantifiable accuracy a few days or weeks before
they occur.
BIG DATA

33. The relationship between big data and open data
Big data that is not open is not
democratic.
Open data does not have to be big
data to matter.
Big, open data does not have to
come from government.
But, when the government turns big
data into open data, it is especially
powerful.
This Venn diagram maps the relationship between
big data and open data, and how they relate to the
broad concept of open government. There are a
few important points to note.
4 points are explained in in this Guardian article
Source: Joel Gurin

34. Young people at the heart of the democratic process
Adopting a forward-looking
approach means exploring the
future and anticipating
initiatives that will facilitate
"living together in harmony".
Today's children are the
citizens of tomorrow: which
tools encourage their
ownership of the main issues
facing our society?

35. How to facilitate full awareness of citizenship and the democratic process
Serious game/simulationCo-design / e-magazine
Les petits citoyens
A multimedia platform that is
dedicated to children and teaches.
The aim is to provide support for
children in media and citizenship
education.
5 mayors during electoral
campaigns
After experiencing a ballot,
democracy and municipal
administration, this project will
enable pupils in Montréal to
choose a candidate and to help
him/her win an election.
SimCityEDU
An adapted version of Sim City that
is distributed in schools, to help
children become aware of
environmental issues, and to teach
them how to solve problems using
digital techniques

36. Involve young citizens in designing the democracy of tomorrow
The Weingartner Digital Citizenship
Challenge
This challenge dedicated to American
students is looking for creative new ideas
to help make the internet, including all
forms of social media, a better tool for
strengthening democracy.
The winners were announced at the
Weingartner Digital Citizenship Forum on
February 11, 2014.

37. Conclusion

38. Democracy
From politics 2.0 to Politics 3.0
Politics 2.0
Expert blogs
Online donations by
supporters
Citizen Forums
Content curation
Content aggregation
Big data
Artificial Intelligence
Crowdsourcing
Crowdfunding
Cyber Petitions
Politics 3.0
The era of
pooling
The era of
sharing
Information
Skills &
Knowledge
Finance
Citizen
Actions
Politics 3.0: Digital technology used to recast democracy

39. 39
Sonia Eyaan
LinkedIn: Sonia Eyaan
Twitter @Eyaansonia