natural vegetation and wild life

1. ISWK SHARING KNOWLEDGE
CLASS-VII-Geography
©ISWK

2. What IS NATURAL VEGETATION?
It refers to a plant community which has
grown naturally without human aid.
Exotic vegetation: Plant species originated
outside the country

3. FACTORS AFFECTING DIVERSITY IN
FLORA AND FAUNA
a. Relief
• Land
• Soil
b. Climate
• Temperature
• Photoperiod
• Precipitation
c. Ecosystem

4. Classification of Natural vegetation
Forests Grass
lands Shrubs

5. IMPORTANCE OFFORESTS
 They influence climate and cause rainfall.
 They reduce soil erosion.
 They control wind force and temperature.
 They provide shelter to various animals species.
 They support a variety of industries.
 They offer panoramic or scenic view for recreation.
 The control flood.
 They purify the air.

6. Types of forests
Tropical evergreen forests
Tropical deciduous forests
Temperate Evergreen forests
Meditteranean vegetation.
Coniferous forests
Grass lands

7. NATURAL
VEGETATION
OF INDIA

8. TROPICAL EVERGREEN FORESTS
 These forests are also called TROPICAL RAINFORESTS.
 12% of India is covered with this forest.
 These are found in the region of Western Ghats, both groups
of islands{Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands},
upper parts of Assam and some parts of the coasts of Tamil
Nadu and Odisha.
 These areas are warm and wet almost throughout the year.
 tfeight of the trees is up to 60 m and they all are creepers
and bushes.

9. TEMPERATE EVERGREEN FORESTS
 These forests are also called TROPICAL RAINFORESTS.
 12% of India is covered with this forest.
 These are found in the region of Western Ghats, both groups
of islands{Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands},
upper parts of Assam and some parts of the coasts of Tamil
Nadu and Odisha.
 These areas are warm and wet almost throughout the year.
 tfeight of the trees is up to 60 m and they all are creepers
and bushes.

10.  Vegetation occur in multilayered structure.
 There is no definite time for the trees to shed their leaves;
as such these forests appear green all the year round.
 Annual rainfall is 200 cm.

11. Plants found here:
EBONY
MAHOGANY
CINCHONA
ROSEWOOD
RUBBER

12. Animals found here:
DEER
SCORPIONS
LEMUR
ELEPtfANTS
SLOTtf

13. Tropical Deciduous Forests
 These cover around 64% of total forested areas of India.
 Also called MONSOON FORESTS.
 Annual rainfall : 70 cm to 200 cm
 The trees of these forests shed their leaves for about 6 to 8
weeks in dry summer.
 There are 2 types of tropical deciduous forest
1. Moist deciduous
2. Dry deciduous

14. MOIST DECIDUOUS
 The moist deciduous forests are found in areas which receive
rainfall between 100 cm and 200 cm.
 They cover about 34% of country’s forested areas.
 Such forests are found mainly in the eastern part of India;
like northeastern states, along the foothills of the Himalayas,
Jharkhand, West Orissa and Chhattisgarh.
 They are also found on the eastern slopes of the Western
Ghats.

15. Plants found here:
ARJUN
BAMBOO
KtfAIR
KUSUM
MULBERRY
SAL
SANDALWOOD
TEAK

16. DRY DECIDUOUS
 The dry deciduous forests are found in those regions which
receive rainfall between 70 cm and 100 cm.
 They cover about 30% of the country’s forested areas.
 Such forests are found in the rainier parts of the peninsular
plateau and the plains of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.

17. FLORA AND FAUNA OF DRY DECIDUOUS FOREST:
SAL
TEAK

18. Temperate Grasslands
 They're located in the mid-latitudinal coastal regions and,
mostly in the eastern margins of continents.
 The important trees there are oak, pine and eucalyptus.
Pine trees
Eucalyptus trees

19. The Temperate grassland wildlife

20. Mediterranean vegetation
 This type of vegetation gets its name from the Mediterranean
Sea bordering Europe, Asia, and Africa, and the west and
south-west margins of continents are covered with it.
 It is also found in south-west America, Africa, and Australia,
regions that are marked with hot dry summers and mild
rainy winters.
 Cultivation of citrus fruits takes place in areas with
Mediterranean vegetation, and not much of wildlife is found
there.

21. FLORA AND FAUNA OF MEDITERRANEAN VEGETATION

22. Coniferous forests
 They are found in the higher latitudes of the Northern
Hemisphere, such as in the Himalayas, and are also known as
the taiga.
 They have softwood evergreen trees such as chir, pine, and
deodar that are used to make pulp for the paper and box-
making industries.
 The important animals there are the silver fox, the mink, and
the polar bear.

23. FLORA AND FAUNA OF CONIFEROUS FORESTS

24. Grasslands – Temperate & Tropical
 This type of vegetation gets its name from the Mediterranean Sea
bordering Europe, Asia, and Africa, and the west and south-west
margins of continents are covered with it.
 It is also found in south-west America, Africa, and Australia, regions that
are marked with hot dry summers and mild rainy winters.
 Cultivation of citrus fruits takes place in areas with Mediterranean
vegetation, and not much of wildlife is found there. Grasslands occur
where it is too wet for deserts but too dry for forests.
 Can be sub divided into a) Tropical grasslands
 b) Temperate grasslands
 Grasslands get about 10 to 24 inches of precipitation per year, although
some tropical grasslands can get over 40 inches of rain a year.
 Grasslands are considered the transitional biome. This means that they
are usually found between deserts and forests.

25. FLORA OF GRASSLANDS

26. FAUNA OF GRASSLANDS

27. The Thorn Forests and Scrubs
 These cover around 5% of total forested area of the country.
 Thorn forests grow in those regions which receive less than
70 cm of rainfall.
 This type of vegetation is found in the north-western part of
India, e.g. Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and tfaryana.
 The trees found here are scattered.
 The plants have long roots, succulent stem and small thick
leaves.
 All these characteristics have developed to minimize
evaporation and conserve moisture.

28. FLORA AND FAUNA OF THORNY FOREST
EUPHORBIA
PALM
cactus
ACACIA

30. MEDICINAL PLANTS
 Sarpagandha:
1. It is used for the treatment of high blood sugar. ...
2. It cures insomnia, hysteria and hypertension. ...
3. It is also useful for in the treatment of cataract.
4. It also cures plague and fever.
 Arjun:
1. The bark of the tree has been used for several centuries for treating
cardiovascular ailments.
2. It has a host of other therapeutic benefits including treating
asthma, hypertension and kidney stones.

31.  Babool:
1. Treats Eye pain
2. For Toothache
3. Aids in Jaundice
4. Treats Diarrhoea
5. Good for Stomach related problems
6. Cures Throat problems
7. Aids in Eczema
8. tfelpful in Pregnancy
9. Reduces Excessive sweating

32.  Neem:
1. Neem leaf is used for leprosy, eye disorders, bloody nose, intestinal
worms, stomach upset, loss of appetite, skin ulcers, diseases of the
heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular disease), fever, diabetes, gum
disease (gingivitis), and liver problems.
 Tulsi plant: Benefits include oral care, relief from
respiratory disorders, as well as treatment of fever,
asthma, lung disorders, heart diseases and stress.

33.  Kachnar:
1. MOUTH DISORDERS
2. LOOSE MOTION
3. SWELLING OF LIVER
4. DYSURIA
5. DIARRHOEA DUE TO INDIGESTION
6. INTESTINAL WORMS
7. WORM INFECTED WOUNDS
8. STOMATITIS
9. MULTINODULAR TUBERCULOSIS
10. DYSPEPSIA
11. CHRONIC CONSTIPATION
12. DIARRHOEA

34. WILDLIFE
• India has about 90,000 animal species,
2,000 species of birds which constitute 13%
of the world’s total. There are 2,546 species
of fish, which account for nearly 12% of the
world’s stock. It also shares between 5 and 8
percent of the world’s amphibians, reptiles
and mammals.

35. Distribution of WILDLIFE in India
• Elephants are found in the hot wet forests of Assam, Karnataka
and Kerala.
• One-horned rhinoceroses live in swampy and marshy lands of
Assam and West Bengal.
• Rann of Kachchh is habitat of wild ass and camels are found in
Thar desert.
• Indian bison, nilgai (blue bull), chousingha (four horned antelope),
gazel and different species of deer are some other animals found in
India.
• Gir forest in Gujrat is the natural habitat
of lion whereas Tigers are found in the forests of Madhya Pradesh,
the Sundarbans of West Bengal and the tfimalayan region.
• The tfimalayas harbour a hardy range of animals, which survive in
extreme cold.

36. Conservation of Flora and Fauna
• • The excessive exploitation of the plants and animal resources by
human beings, disturbed the ecosystem. About 1,300 plant species
are endangered and 20 species are extinct also few animals are
endangered and some have become extinct.
• Causes of this threats are:
→ Hunting by greedy hunters for commercial purposes.
→Pollution due to chemical and industrial waste and acid
deposits
→ Introduction of alien species
→Reckless cutting of the forests to bring land under cultivation
and inhabitation.

37. • • Governmental steps to protect flora and fauna of country are:
→ Fourteen biosphere reserves have been set up in the country to
protect flora and fauna.
→ Financial and technical assistance is provided to many
Botanical Gardens by the government since 1992.
→ Project Tiger, Project Rhino, Project Great Indian Bustard and
many other eco- developmental projects have been introduced.
→89 National Parks, 490 Wildlife sanctuaries and Zoological
gardens are set up to take care of Natural heritage.
•The Sunderbans in the West Bengal, Nanda Devi in Uttarakhand,
the Gulf of Mannar in Tamil Nadu and the Nilgiris (Kerala,
Karnataka and Tamil Nadu) have been included in the world
network of Biosphese reserves.

38. List of fourteen bio-reserves in India are:
• Sunderbans (West Bengal)
• Simlipal (Odisha)
• Gulf of Mannar (Tamil Nadu)
• Dihang-Dibang (Arunachal Pradesh)
• The Nilgiris in South India (in the states of Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka and Kerala)
• Dibru Saikhowa (Arunachal Pradesh)
• Nanda Devi (Uttarakhand)
• Agasthyamalai (Kerala and Tamil Nadu)
• Nokrek (Meghalaya)
• Kanchenjunga (Sikkim)
• Great Nicobar (Bay of Bengal)
• Pachmari (Madhya Pradesh)
• Manas (Assam)
• Achanakmar-Amarkantak (Chhattisgarh)