5. ניתוחיות אפשרויות
:
הרצויה הטכניקה את לקבוע כיצד
T categories for kidney cancer
TX :The primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0 :No evidence of a primary tumor
T1 :The tumor is only in the kidney and measures 7 cm
T1a :The tumor measures 4 cm or smaller and confined to the kidney .
T1b :The tumor is larger than 4 cm but not larger than 7 cm confined to the
kidney .
T2 :The tumor is > 7 cm across confined to the kidney .
T2a :The tumor is more than 7 cm but not more than 10 cm across and
confined to the kidney .
T2b :The tumor is more than 10 cm across and confined to the kidney .
Staging of Renal Masses
T1a: The tumor measures 4 cm or smaller and
confined to the kidney
6. ניתוחיות אפשרויות
:
הרצויה הטכניקה את לקבוע כיצד
• absolute – solitary (/functioning) kidney
• relative – morbidity in the opposite kidney
• elective – localized unilateral RCC w/a normal contralateral
kidney.
Relative indications include hereditary forms of RCC
which carry a high risk of tumor in the contralateral kidney.
For elective indications, nephron-sparing surgery for tumors
limited in diameter (T1a) provides recurrence-free and long-term
survival rates similar to those after radical surgery
Indications for Nephron-Sparing Surgery –
EAU Guidelines
7. ניתוחיות אפשרויות
:
הרצויה הטכניקה את לקבוע כיצד
In patients with a solitary kidney, laparoscopic partial
nephrectomy results in a prolonged warm ischaemia
time and a higher complication rate. Temporary or
permanent dialysis is more likely to be necessary
Indications for Nephron-Sparing Surgery –
EAU Guidelines
10. Trends in Renal Tumor Surgery Delivery Within the United
States
Lori M. Dulabon, DO1; William T. Lowrance, MD2; Paul Russo, MD2; and William C. Huang, MD1
Cancer May 15, 2010
רע לא מצבנו
!!
18. NCCN Guideline:
“Surgical resection remains the only effective
therapy for clinically localized RCC”
EAU Guideline:
“Surgical therapy is the only curative theraputic
approach for the treatment of RCC”
But:
“Patients with small tumors and/or significant co-
morbidity who are unfit for surgery should be
considered for an ablative approach, e.g.
cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation.”
19. EAU Guideline:
“Pre-treatment biopsy has to be carried out as
standard”
“Other image-guided percutaneous and minimally
invasive techniques, such as microwave ablation,
laser ablation and high-intensity focused
ultrasound ablation, are still experimental in
character. The experience obtained with
radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation should
be considered when using these related
techniques”
20. Cryoablation or Radiofrequency Ablation
of the Small Renal Mass - a Meta-Analysis
Cancer. 2008 Nov 15;113(10):2623-6
Cryo RFA
Tumor Progression: 5.2% 12.9%
Re Treatment Rates 1.3% 8.5%
Metastatic Disease 1% 2%
22. Follow Up:
Imaging ?
Biopsy ?
Imaging:
Decrease in Size (lack of decrease does not entitle failure)
Non Enhancement (lack of non-enhancement does not entitle
failure but warrants biopsy)