Spread this presentation by sharing to everyone so that the adverse effect of Nuclear Fission can be stopped otherwise the end of the days after tomorrow will come soon.

1. Nuclear Energy: Not a solution for energy crisis Dr. Manabendra Nath Bera

2. 1) Nuclear Physics: Radioactivity 2) Nuclear Power Plants 3) Nuclear Fuel 4) Nuclear Waste 5) Nuclear Safety 6) Conclusion Agenda

3. Nuclear Physics: Radioactivity

4. Nuclear Fission The reaction: 235U + n 141Ba + 92Kr +3 n + Energy 144Cs + 90Rb +2n + Energy

6. Types of Radiation http://www.uic.com.au/wast.htm

8. Nuclear Power Plants

9. Nuclear Heat Heat Steam produced Steam Turbine Generator Electricity

10. Nuclear Fuel

12. Creating Uranium Fuel Green house gases during these process

14. Nuclear Waste

17. http://www.uic.com.au/opinion6.html After 3 or 4 Years in a Reactor, Spent Fuel Rods Are Removed and Stored in Water

20. Nuclear Safety

24. What happened? -Reactor No.4 was undergoing a test of the backup power supply in case of a power loss. -The experiment involved shutting down the coolant pumps, which caused the coolant to rapidly heat up and boil. -All control rods were ordered to be inserted . As the rods were inserted, they became deformed and stuck . The reaction could not be stopped. -The rods melted and the steam pressure caused an explosion , which blew a hole in the roof. A fire also resulted from the explosion. -To save money, the reactor was constructed with only partial containment , which allowed the radiation to escape. 13%-30% of the material escaped.

27. http://www.progettohumus.it/chernobyl.php?name=dimenticafoto Effects of Radiation

28. Victims

29. Victims

30. Fukushima Cause and Effects

32. Conclusion: NPPs as an alternative source of energy

33. Fig. 15-21, p. 391 TRADE-OFFS Conventional Nuclear Fuel Cycle Large fuel supply Cannot compete economically without huge government subsidies Advantages Disadvantages Low net energy yield High environmental impact (with major accidents) Emits 1/6 as much CO 2 as coal Environmental costs not included in market price Risk of catastrophic accidents No widely acceptable solution for long-term storage of radioactive wastes Moderate land use Spreads knowledge and technology for building nuclear weapons Subject to terrorist attacks and Earth quake

34. Fig. 15-22, p. 392 TRADE-OFFS Coal vs. Nuclear Coal Nuclear Ample supply Ample supply of uranium High net energy yield Low net energy yield Very high air pollution Low air pollution High CO 2 emissions Low CO 2 emissions Much lower land disruption from surface mining High land disruption from surface mining High land use Moderate land use Low cost (with huge subsidies) High cost (even with huge subsidies)

35. Thank you

36. Extra

37. Reactor Safety Design Containment Vessel 1.5-inch thick steel Shield Building Wall 3 foot thick reinforced concrete Dry Well Wall 5 foot thick reinforced concrete Bio Shield 4 foot thick leaded concrete with 1.5-inch thick steel lining inside and out Reactor Vessel 4 to 8 inches thick steel Reactor Fuel Weir Wall 1.5 foot thick concrete

38. Controlling Chain Reaction Control rods Fuel Assemblies Withdraw control rods, reaction increases Insert control rods, reaction decreases

39. Boiling Water Reactor