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6. Part 3 – Lessons
1. Operating at a busy 24 hour towered commercial airport
2. Using the AFD
3. Understanding the airport diagram
4. Utilizing AFSS, ARTCC, ASOS and ATIS
x
5. Communicating with the tower
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7. This document has been prepared
for training purposes only and sets
forth general principles and
guidance concerning good
operating procedures for avoiding
surface incidents and runway
incursions. It is neither mandatory
nor regulatory in nature.
x
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10. How do I build
situational awareness
for operating at a
complex towered
airport?
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11. Building situational awareness
I’ll contact OLU AFSS on 122.35 to
check for any new NOTAM’s for
OMA and check the weather.
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12. Building situational awareness
Wind is from the south, I’ll
plan for Runway 18, but be
prepared for any other
runway.
OLU AFSS
“…Omaha automated
weather, sky clear below
12,000, visibility 10,
Wind 190 at 9 kts,
NOTAM Runway 14L/32R
closed…”
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13. Building situational awareness
Prior to departure
from OTM, you
reviewed the AFD
for OMA and the
airport diagram
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14. Building situational awareness
Since the AFD entry does
not list a TPA for OMA
(traffic pattern altitude)
look for field elevation to
determine YOUR TPA.
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16. Building situational awareness
A standard traffic pattern (left) for Runway 32R would
put you in the approach corridor for Runway 32L/14R.
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This is typical at airports with parallel runways.
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17. Building situational awareness
Attended continuously?
“Attended continuously” means
the airport is attended 24/7.
The airport? The tower?
The absence of
operational hours
listed with the ATCT
frequencies
indicates the tower is
operated 24/7.
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20. Building situational awareness
Crane 195 feet AGL 1186’MSL, 1.8 nautical miles
SSW from the Approach End Runway 36.
Crane ?
Crane 294’ AGL, 1281’MSL, 2.1 nautical miles
SW of the Approach End Runway 36.
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25. Building situational awareness
Since OLU AFSS said the wind
at OMA is now 190 at 9, if I land
on Runway 18, I may have to
hold short of 14R/32L.
That gives me 3,500
feet of landing and
stopping distance.
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26. Building situational awareness
Note:
At 3,500 feet down runway
18, there will be hold
position signs on both
sides of the runway and a
hold position marking
indicating where to stop.
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29. My frequency list:
OMA ATIS
120.4
Building situational awareness
ATIS is 120.4.
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30. Building situational awareness
Information TANGO:
“Omaha Eppley Information Tango 1952 Zulu,
Wind 170 at 9, Visibility 20, Sky Clear
Temperature 15, Dew point -2, Altimeter 29.92.
ILS Approach Runway 18 and 14R in Use
Landing and Departing Runway 18 and 14R.
Notice to Airman: Runway 14L/32R closed. Caution for
migratory waterfowl.
Advise on Initial Contact you Have InformationAviation
TANGO”
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31. My frequency list:
OMA ATIS
120.4
OMA APP
124.5
Building situational awareness
Contact OMA approach control
within 20 nm on 124.5
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32. My Frequency List:
OMA ATIS
120.4
OMA APP
124.5
Building situational awareness
Indicates radar services:
expect vectoring. Your plan
may not go as expected
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33. My frequency list:
OMA ATIS
120.4
OMA APP
124.5
OMA TWR
132.1
OMA GND
121.9
Building situational awareness
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37. “N252KT, Omaha approach, radar contact, 25
miles east of Eppley, expect Runway 18.”
“Mooney N252KT, 24 east,
3,000 feet, VFR, inbound with
information tango”
x
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40. Bonus question time!
x
What surface marking will be painted
across Taxiway Lima abeam this red sign?
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41. ILS hold position marking
Do you have to stop:
If you’re operating at a towered airport?
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If you’re operating at a non-towered airport?
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42. At some airports it may be
necessary to hold an
aircraft on a taxiway at a
location other than at the
runway entrance if the ILS
is in use. Holding the
taxiing aircraft at the ILS
hold point will preclude ILS
signal interference with an
aircraft on ILS final
approach.
Remember: Taxiing
aircraft are required to hold
at this position only if
directed by ATC.
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45. The POFZ is defined as a volume of airspace above an area beginning at the
runway threshold, at the threshold elevation, and centered on the extended
runway centerline, 200 feet long by 800 feet wide. Maintaining the POFZ clear
during low ceiling/low visibility conditions protects both the landing aircraft and
holding aircraft or vehicle.
x
The POFZ is in effect for vertically guided approaches when the ceiling is below
Federal 4000
250 feet and/or visibility less than ¾ statute mile (or RVR below Aviationfeet), and an
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aircraft is on final approach within two miles of the runway threshold.
46. Typical POFZ
200 Feet
400 Feet
x
When the POFZ is in effect, the wing of an aircraft holding on a taxiway
waiting for runway clearance may penetrate the POFZ; however, neither
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the fuselage nor the tail may infringe on the POFZ. In addition, no ground
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vehicles may be in the POFZ when it is in effect.
47. POFZ Holding
Positions
ILS
x
Airports with a taxiway located prior to the runway threshold may result
Federal POFZ
in an aircraft being located in the POFZ when it is active.Aviation holding
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positions may be needed at these locations.
48. If a hold position is used to protect the POFZ, an ILS hold is used.
A1
30L
Runway holding
position
ILS critical area or
POFZ boundary
x
A second sign on the
right side is required in
some situations.
ILS
ILS critical area or POFZ
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holding position
48
49. Existing POFZ Holding Positions at Eppley Airfield
18 POFZ
Holding
Position on
Twy Z
x
18 POFZ
Holding
Position on
Twy F
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50. If the POFZ is already protected by an existing ILS glide slope critical area
holding position, an additional POFZ holding position is not needed.
x
The Rwy 18 Glide
Slope ILS Hold
Already Protects
the POFZ for 18
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51. Bonus question time!
A 32 APCH
You’re taxiing south on Taxiway A and
notice this red sign. Do you have to stop?
x
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52. Taxiing aircraft are required to hold at
this position ONLY if directed by ATC.
A 32 APCH
If directed, you are expected to
stop at the 32 APCH hold sign on
Taxiway A. ATC has you holding
on Taxiway A because either the
approach or departure corridor for
Runway 14/32 is active.
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64. “Mooney 2KT, Eppley Ground,
hold short Runway 14L.”
C
L
14
2R
-3
“Eppley ground, Mooney
2KT is clear Runway 18 at
charlie to GA parking.”
“Mooney 2KT, hold short
Runway 14L.”
Readback of all hold short
instructions is mandatory.
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65. L
14
2R
/3
C 14L-32R
C
L
14
2R
-3
R
14
/3
2L
18/36
As you taxi closer to Runway 14L-32R, look for the
runway hold sign, which provides the “VERTICAL development”
to identify the runway HOLD position. This will be the first
“VISUAL” to indicate the hold position. The runway hold sign
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will be visible before the hold markings. Aviation
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67. Orientation of the hold marking
to the flow of traffic and its
meaning.
S TOP AT
THE
S OLID
LINES
D ASH
THROUGH
THE
D ASHED
LINES
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69. Remember….Sometimes, the runway hold
marking may be difficult to see…….Why?
Reflection of a spinning prop
Focusing on tasks IN the cockpit instead of OUT
Pilot “seating” height
Lack of vertical development
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Sun glare and other environmental conditions
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70. L
14
“Mooney 2KT,
cross 14L, taxi to
the ramp.”
2R
/3
C
L
14
32
R
“MOONEY 2KT,
cross Runway 14L,
taxi to the ramp.”
R
14
/3
2L
18/36
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76. Caution zone ATC authorization
required to operate here.
Safe zone
No ATC
authorization
required to
operate
Here.
Danger zone ATC authorization
required to
operate here.
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77. Movement
boundary line No ATC clearance
required to operate
on this side.
C
M
L
Taxiway
edge line
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78. Taxiway Edge Markings
Pilots can cross dashed
taxiway edge markings
Pavement outboard of
continuous double yellow
lines is not available for
aircraft use
Double dashed
Double continuous
x
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NEXT DESTINATION: OMA
THIS IS A RELATIVE SHORT HOP. HOW BUSY DO YOU WANT TO BE APPROACHING OMA? THE ANSWER TO THAT QUESTION WILL BE DETERMINED BY HOW MUCH PLANNING YOU COMPLETE AHEAD OF TIME. MAKE A FREQUENCY LIST. WILL YOU ASK FOR VFR FLIGHT FOLLOWING? THERE WILL BE LITTLE TIME TO VISIT WITH PASSENGERS ON THIS LEG.
YOU WILL SOON BE CROSSING INTO MINNEAPOLIS CENTER AND INTO COLUMBUS AFSS AREA.
CONTINUE TO BUILD SITUATIONAL AWARENESS.
LARGE COMMERCIAL AIRPORTS CAN BE COMPLEX AND CONFUSING..
ARE TOWERED AIRPORTS SAFER THAN NON-TOWERED?
DO YOU HAVE A FEAR OF OPERATING FROM THIS TYPE OF FACILITY?
CONTACT OLU AFSS FOR AN UPDATE ON LOCAL NOTAMS & NEW NOTAMS ISSUED FOR OMA.
NOTAMS MAY HAVE BEEN ISSUED FOR OMA SINCE YOUR DEPARTURE FROM OTTUMWA.
BASED ON THE WX BRIEF – RUNWAY 18 AT OMA IS THE MOST LIKELY RUNWAY.
HOWEVER, BE PREPARED FOR ANY RUNWAY.
IS THE RUNWAY CLOSURE A LOCAL NOTAM ? YES IT IS.
LOCAL NOTAMS FOR OMA WILL AVAILABLE FROM THE “SERVICING AFSS” ONLY. THE SERVICING AFSS IS OLU.
THIS LOCAL NOTAM WILL MOST LIKELY BE ON THE OMA ATIS, BUT NOT ALWAYS.
THIS SHOULD NOT BE USED IN LIEU OF ATIS. REMEMBER, YOU ARE A LONG WAY FROM OMA AND CONDITIONS CAN CHANGE.
PRIOR TO DEPARTURE FROM OTM, YOU REVIEWED THE AFD AND THE AIRPORT DIAGRAM FOR OMA.
STUDY THE AFD AND KNOW THE SPECIFICS ISSUES CONCERNING THE OMA AIRPORT.
EXAMPLE: A KING AIR 350 LANDED ON A RUNWAY WITHOUT REGARD TO THE WEIGHT BEARING LIMITATIONS OF THAT RUNWAY. THE KING AIR PILOT WAS CITED BY THE FAA FOR BEING CARELESS AND RECKLESS. WHAT IS PUBLISHED IN THE AFD IS THE LAW.
DURING YOUR PREFLIGHT PLANNING FOR OMA, YOU NOTICE NO “TPA” LISTED FOR OMA.
FIELD ELEVATION NOTED IN AFD AND ON SECTIONAL.
WHEN THE TPA IS NOT SPECIFIED USE 1000FT AGL.
THE STANDARD TRAFFIC PATTERN IS LEFT TRAFFIC AT MOST AIRPORTS UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
THE AFD ENTRY FOR OMA INDICATES A NON-STANDARD TRAFFIC PATTERN FOR RUNWAY 32R.
RIGHT TRAFFIC CAN ALSO BE NOTED ON THE SECTIONAL (SEE NOTATION FOR NORTH OMAHA AIRPORT NW OF OMA “RP35.”) THIS MEANS RIGHT TFAFFIC FOR RUNWAY-35 AT 3NO.
IF 32R WAS OPEN THERE COULD BE SIMULTANEOUS OPERATIONS ON BOTH PARALLEL RUNWAYS. WITH LEFT TRAFFIC FOR 32L AND RIGHT TRAFFIC FOR 32R. YOU MUST FLY THE CORRECT PATTERN AND BE ON THE “NUMBERS” TO MAINTAIN LATERAL SEPARATION.
ATTENDED CONTINUOUSLY MEANS THE “AIRPORT” IS ATTENDED 24/7.
THE TOWER HOURS OF OPERATION ARE NORMALLY LISTED WITH THE OTHER FREQUENCIES.
IMPORTANT NOTE….THE ABSENCE OF ATCT HOURS LISTED INDICATES THE TOWER IS OPERATED 24/7.
WHY IS CTAF MISSING?
HAVE YOU EVER SEEN THE RESULTANT DAMAGE OF A BIRD STRIKE?
DEVELOPING THIS PARTICULAR SITUATIONAL AWARENESS COULD BE VERY USEFUL IF EXECUTING A “GO-AROUND” ON RUNWAY 18.
WHY WAS THIS INFORMATION NOT PASSED TO YOU FROM AFSS DURING YOUR LAST ENFLIGHT BRIEFING? BECAUSE THIS IS PUBLISHED INFORMATION AND PUBLISHED INFORMATION IS NOT PROVIDED DURING A BRIEFING.
YOU MUST ASK FOR PUBLISHED INFORMATION. AFSS ASSUMES YOU HAVE ALL APPLICABLE PUBLISHED INFORMATION.
LOOKING AT PUBLISHED INFORMATION SHOULD BE PART OF YOUR PRE-FLIGHT PLANNING.
WITH YOUR OMA AIRPORT DIAGRAM, CAN YOU VISUALIZE WHERE THESE CRANES ARE LOCATED.
AGAIN, BUILDING SITUATIONAL AWARENESS IS IMPORTANT TO ALL ASPECTS OF YOUR FLIGHT.
DIRECTION SIGNS AND LOCATION SIGNS.
SEE NEXT SLIDE FOR DETAILS.
DIRECTION SIGNS WILL ALWAYS HAVE ARROWS AND CONTAIN INFORMATION FOR YOU TO ACT UPON. DIRECTION SIGNS WILL BE LOCATED PRIOR TO THE TAXIWAY.
THE AFD ENTRY WILL NOTE WHAT RUNWAYS ARE USED FOR LAHSO.
ALWAYS CHECK TO SEE IF LAHSO IS USED AT THE AIRPORT OF YOUR INTENDED DESTINATION.
THE RULES OF LAHSO: NO MIXING OF TRAFFIC… MUST BE GA WITH GA or AIRLINER WITH AIRLINER.
BOTH AIRCRAFT INVOLVED IN A LAHSO OPS MUST BE ADVISED “OF EACH OTHER.”
REFER TO THE AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION MANUAL FOR MORE DETAIL ON LASHO PROCEDURES.
THIS IS VERY SIMILAR TO WHAT WAS SEEN WHEN YOU RESEARCH LAHSO AT IXD.
LAHSO IS NOT MANDATORY.
IF YOU ACCEPT A LASHO CLEARANCE, YOU MUST HOLD SHORT OF THE POINT INSTRUCTED.
LAHSO CANNOT MIX TRAFFIC. IT MUST BE WITH GA AND GA, AIRLINER OR AIRLINER, ETC.
ALL A/C INVOLVED MUST ACCEPT THE RESTRICTION BEFORE BOTH CAN CONDUCT LAHSO.
IF YOU SEE LAHSO MARKINGS ON THE RUNWAY, AND YOU HAVE NOT BEEN TOLD TO LAHSO, DISREGARD THE MARKING.
THE SAME SITUATION AS IF YOU ARE TAXIING TO THE APPROACH END OF THE RUNWAY, AND YOU HAVE NOT REACHED THE HOLD LINES, AND YOU ARE TOLD YOU ARE CLEAR FOR TAKEOFF. IN THIS CASE, YOU DO NOT HAVE TO STOP AT THE HOLD LINES.
THERE WILL BE TWO RUNWAY HOLD SIGNS WHERE LAHSO RUNWAY HOLD MARKING IS LOCATED.
THIS IS SIMILAR TO WHAT YOU WOULD SEE, ONE SURFACE PAINTED HOLD MARKING AND TWO RUNWAY HOLD SIGNS.
START LISTENING TO ATIS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE (WITHIN RANGE).
ATIS WILL PROVIDE MANY CLUES TO AID YOUR SITUATIONAL AWARENESS I.E. RUNWAYS IN USE, LOCAL NOTAMS, ETC.
YOU MAY WANT TO WRITE DOWN ALL THE APPLICABLE FREQUENCIES YOU WILL BE USING ARRIVING INTO OMA.
WHEN YOU CALL APPROACH CONTROL, BE SURE YOU HAVE ATIS AND ADVISE THEM ACCORDINGLY. STAY WITH APPROACH CONTROL UNTIL ADVISED TO SWITCH FREQUENCY.
IF YOU DAIL UP ATIS AND HEAR NOTHING, WAIT. TOWER MAY BE RECORDING A NEW ATIS. TYPICALLY AN UPDATED BRIEFING IS RECORDED JUST BEFORE TOP-OF-THE-HOUR.
CONTACT OMA APPROACH ON 124.5 AT APPROXIMATELY 20 MILES. IF YOU’RE WORKING WITH CENTER, THEY MAY HAND YOU OFF TO APPROACH FURTHER OUT THAN 20 MILES.
TWO APPROACH FREQUENCIES ARE LISTED IN THE AFD, DEPENDING ON WHICH DIRECTION YOU ARE APPROACHING THE AIRPORT.
RADAR SERVICE. EXPECT VECTORING.
DUAL RADIO EQUIPPED? HAVE BOTH DAILED IN AND READY TO SWITCH.
TIME FOR A STERILE COCKPIT.
YOU WILL BE VERY BUSY LISTENING, COMMUNICATING AND AVIATING.
RADAR SERVICES ARE NOW TERMINATED….HOWEVER , MINNEAPOLIS CENTER MAY HAND YOU OFF TO OMA APPROACH. IF YOU ARE HANDED OFF TO OMA APPROACH, YOU ARE STILL UNDER RADAR CONTROL.
“EXPECT RUNWAY 18.”
THIS IS JUST WHAT YOU HAD EXPECTED.
BUT BE PREPARED AS THAT MAY CHANGE AND IT COULD CHANGE AT ANY TIME.
YOU MAY BE VECTORED DIRECT TO THE BASE, ALTHOUGH EXPECTING A DOWNWIND.
YOU WILL MOST LIKELY BE VECTORED DOWNWIND FOR RUNWAY 18?
HOWEVER, APPROACH MAY VECTOR YOU TO SOMETHING DIFFERENT.
AS YOU QUICKLY REVIEW THE AIRPORT DIAGRAM,YOU NOTICE THE FINE PRINT BELOW.
SINCE YOU HAVE YOUR AIRPORT DIAGRAM READILY AVAILABLE, YOU ARE REMINDED THAT YOU MUST READBACK ALL HOLD CLEARANCES.
YOU ALSO NOTICE THAT YOU SHOULD USE EXTREME CAUTION OPERATING NEAR TAXIWAY C AND RUNWAY 14R/32L.
THE SPECIAL NOTE AT BOTTOM OF DIAGRAM IS THERE FOR A REASON. IT IS MEANT TO DRAW ATTENTION TO THE FACT THIS INTERSECTION IS COMPLEX AND YOU SHOULD BE “HEADS UP”.
AT TOWERED AIRPORTS, WHEN THE TOWER IS OPEN, AND THE ILS CRITICAL AREA IS BEING PROTECTED ( CEILING LESS THAN 800 FEET AND/OR VISIBILITY 2 MILES), TAXIING AIRCRAFT ARE REQUIRED TO STOP ONLY IF DIRECTED BY ATC.
ILS CRITICAL AREAS ARE NOT PROTECTED AT NON-TOWERED AIRPORTS.
EXERCISE CAUTION WHEN APPROACHING AN ILS HOLD POSITION.
WHEN THE TOWER IS CLOSED, OR AT A NON-TOWERED AIRPORT, YOU BE THE “CONTROLLER”. OFFER FELLOW PILOTS THE BENEFIT OF YOUR POSITION AND INTENTIONS BY MAKING THE TRANSMISSION ON CTAF.
ANNOUNCE YOUR POSITION AND INTENTIONS ON CTAF.
TAXIING AIRCRAFT ARE REQUIRED TO STOP ONLY IF DIRECTED BY ATC.
EXERCISE CAUTION WHEN APPROACHING A RUNWAY APPROACH AREA HOLD POSITION.
WHEN THE TOWER IS CLOSED, OR AT A NON-TOWERED AIRPORT, VISUALLY SCAN THE APPROACH AREA AND THE OPPOSITE DEPARTURE END BEFORE PROCEEDING.
YOU BE THE “CONTROLLER”. OFFER FELLOW PILOTS THE BENEFIT OF YOUR POSITION AND INTENTIONS.
ANNOUNCE YOUR POSITION AND INTENTIONS ON CTAF.
LARGE SCALE DIAGRAM PROVIDES ADDITIONAL REFERENCE AS TO ITS LOCATION ON THE AIRPORT.
IF FACT, THIS PARTICULAR “HOT SPOT” HAS SUCH NOTORIETY, THERE IS A SPECIAL PUBLICATION FOR PILOTS TO EXPLAIN IN MORE DETAIL.
THE HOT SPOT POINTS OUT A COMPLEX AND POTENTIALLY CONFUSING INTERSECTION.
THIS HOT SPOT BROCHURE IS AVAILABLE AT WWW.FAA.GOV/RUNWAYSAFETY/ACE
THE HOT SPOT OF OMA!
LOOK AT THE AMOUNT OF CONCRETE HERE. THIS IS A HUGE INTERSECTION WITH LOTS OF MARKINGS,SO REALLY EXAMINE AND STUDY THE DIAGRAM AND HOT SPOT BROCHURE
BACK TO OUR FLIGHT, YOU ARE NOW PASSED OFF TO TOWER.
DOWNWIND FOR RUNWAY 18.
JUST WHAT YOU HAD EXPECTED AND PLANNED FOR.
CLEARED TO LAND WITH NO LAHSO INSTRUCTIONS.
THINK ABOUT THE WAKE TURBULENCE, KEEP A STERILE COCKPIT AND EYES OUT!
TAXIWAY LOCATION SIGN AND RUNWAY HOLD POSITION SIGNS.
SEE NEXT SLIDE FOR DETAILS.
WHERE’S MY TURNOFF?
A LEFT ON TAXIWAY CHARLIE WILL TAKE ME THROUGH THE AIRPORT’S HOT SPOT.
AS YOU ROLLOUT ON RUNWAY 18 YOU WILL SEE THE TAXIWAY CHARLIE DIRECTION SIGN POINTING TO A LEFT TURN OFF.
HOLD SHORT!! A HOLD SHORT INSTRUCTION IS A MANDATORY READ BACK INSTRUCTION.
READING BACK ALONE DOES NOT INSURE THAT YOUR MIND REGISTERED THE HOLD SHORT. THE JOURNEY IS ABOUT COMPLETE, YOU ARE TIRED, BUT NOW IS NOT THE TIME TO LET YOUR GUARD DOWN. SOMEONE COULD BE LANDING ON RUNWAY 14 IN ERROR.
HOLDING SHORT.
WHY?
LOOK FOR TRAFFIC.
JUST BECAUSE YOU DON’T SEE TRAFFIC ON THE RUNWAY DOESN’T MEAN THERE ISN’T TRAFFIC SOMEWHERE ON FINAL.
YOU MAY HAVE BEEN STOPPED JUST AS A PRECAUTION.
HOLDING SHORT!
HOLD SHORT FAR ENOUGH BACK THAT NO PART OF THE AIRCRAFT, NOT EVEN THE TIP OF THE NOSE SPINNER, IS ON OR OVER THE CLOSEST PART OF THE HOLD MARKING.
IF ANY PART OF YOUR AIRCRAFT IS INSIDE THE SAFETY AREA, THE RUNWAY IS COMPROMISED.
KNOW THE ORIENTATION AND MEANING OF THE HOLD LINE.
75% OF PILOT DEVIATIONS IS A MISTAKEN UNDERSTANDING OF THE MEANING OF THESE MARKINGS.
HOW CAN SOMETHING THIS SIZE BE MISSED….?
REMEMBER, EVERY HOLD MARKING HAS AN ADJACENT “VERTICAL DEVELOPMENT,” OR RUNWAY HOLD SIGN.
LOOK FOR THE RED RUNWAY HOLD SIGN TO LOCATE THE SURFACE PAINTED RUNWAY HOLD MARKING.
CLEARED TO CROSS.
IS THE RUNWAY ACTIVE OR STILL CLOSED?
ASSUME IT IS ALWAYS OPEN & ALWAYS CROSS WITHOUT DELAY.
YOU ARE NOT OPERATING ON A RUNWAY,YOU ARE CROSSING IT!
CROSSED THE RUNWAY – CLEAR OF THE RSA, THE “DANGER ZONE.”
MORE SIGNS, BLACK SQUARE, YOU’RE THERE & YELLOW ARRAY POINTS THE WAY.
CROSSED THE RUNWAY – CLEAR OF THE RSA, THE “DANGER ZONE.”
MORE SIGNS, BLACK SQUARE, YOU’RE THERE & YELLOW ARRAY POINTS THE WAY
SINCE YOU HAVE NOT CROSSED THE MOVEMENT BOUNDARY LINE, YOU ARE STILL REQUIRED TO BE IN CONTACT WITH ATC.
……..EXPLAIN DOUBLE EDGED TAXIWAY MARKING AND MEANING AND BOUNDARY EDGE MARKING AND MEANING
DOUBLE SOLID YELLOW LINES ON THE SIDE OF A TAXIWAY MEANS THAT THE PAVEMENT ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE LINES IS NOT DESIGNED TO SUPPORT THE WEIGHT OF AN AIRCRAFT.