Reza Zanjani, Unit Manager at SEVEN PRINCIPLES Solutions & Consulting AG, held a presentation about "Connected Car - the future technology and opportunities in car networking" during the spirit conference 2014.

1. Connected Car
The future technology and opportunities in Car Networking
REZA ZANJANI

2. Service portfolio and stakeholders
Connected Car
User
related
Safety
Navigation &
information
Entertainment &
convenience
Communication &
social media
Vehicle
related
Remote vehicle
service
Vehicle & power
management
Roadside
related
Traffic
management &
routing
Special
purposes
Fleet
management
Smart logistics Financial services
OEM
OES
(aftermarket)
Fleet
management
Logistics
company
Financial
services
Advertiser

3. Motivation
Connected Car
Objectives of the European white
book will not be achieved with
conventional systems alone
Leverage the potential
of communications to
improve this situation.
Congestion generates annual
economic cost of 17,4 bn. €
(Estimate EU commission, 2006)
Accident statistics 2006:
appr. 420.000 injured pers.
appr. 5000 fatalities in Germany
(Source: Statistisches Bundesamt
Germany, 2008)
Mobility
Traffic Safety
Challenges

4. Problem
Connected Car
Pheromone update : 𝜏 ← 1 − 𝜌 𝜏 𝑥𝑦 +
𝑘
Δ𝜏 𝑥𝑦
𝑘
Δ𝜏 𝑥𝑦
𝑘
=
𝑄/𝐿 𝑘
0
where
if ant k uses curve xy in its tour
otherwise
Edge selection : 𝑝 𝑥𝑦
𝑘
=
(𝜏 𝑥𝑦
𝛼
)(𝜂 𝑥𝑦
𝛽
)
𝑦∈𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑑 𝑦
(𝜏 𝑥𝑦
𝛼
)(𝜂 𝑥𝑦
𝛽
)
Example
pseudo-code
and formulae :
procedure ACO_MetaHeuristic
while (not_termination)
generateSolutions()
daemonActions()
pheromoneUpdate()
end while
end procedure

5. Connected Car
Ultrasound (ca. 4 meter)
Camera (ca. 80 meter)
Radar (ca. 200 meter)
(> 200 meter)
WWAN (UMTS, HSPA, LTE)
WLAN (IEEE 802.11p, DSRC)
Informational Collaboration

6. In-Car Online Services
Connected Car

7. C2X
Connected Car
» C2C
» Direct communication between two vehicles.
» An ad-hoc communication network is to be
established.
» C2I
» Infrastructure is used as an informational source as
well as cache for information from other sources.

8. C2X
Connected Car

9. Connected Car
Sichere Intelligente Mobilität
Testfeld Deutschland

10. Technology
Connected Car
» Wireless LAN
» Reserved frequency spectrum at 5.9 GHz
» Standardized communication protocols are available:
» IEEE 802.11p / DSRC
» ETSI ITS G5A (EU)
» SAE J2735 (US)
» Cellular network
» 3G / UMTS
» 4G / LTE

11. DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication)
Connected Car
» International standard for C2X communication
» Consists of physical, electronical and logical standards
» At logical level, it is an XML based transfer protocol
» Documentation available at:
http://www.sae.org/exempt/misc/dsrc/docs.htm

12. DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication)
Connected Car
BasicSafetyMessageVerbose ::= SEQUENCE {
-- Part I, sent at all times
msgID DSRCmsgID, -- App ID value, 1 byte
msgCnt MsgCount, -- 1 byte
id TemporaryID, -- 4 bytes
secMark DSecond, -- 2 bytes
-- pos PositionLocal3D,
lat Latitude, -- 4 bytes
long Longitude, -- 4 bytes
elev Elevation, -- 2 bytes
accuracy PositionalAccuracy, -- 4 bytes
-- motion Motion,
speed TransmissionAndSpeed, -- 2 bytes
heading Heading, -- 2 bytes
angle SteeringWheelAngle, -- 1 bytes
accelSet AccelerationSet4Way, -- 7 bytes
-- control Control,
brakes BrakeSystemStatus, -- 2 bytes
-- basic VehicleBasic,
size VehicleSize, -- 3 bytes
-- Part II, sent as required
-- Part II,
safetyExt VehicleSafetyExtension OPTIONAL,
status VehicleStatus OPTIONAL,
... -- # LOCAL_CONTENT
}
<xs:element name="basicSafetyMessageVerbose" type="BasicSafetyMessageVerbose"/>
<xs:complexType name="BasicSafetyMessageVerbose">
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="msgID" type="DSRCmsgID"/>
<xs:element name="msgCnt" type="MsgCount"/>
<xs:element name="id" type="TemporaryID"/>
<xs:element name="secMark" type="DSecond"/>
<xs:element name="lat" type="Latitude"/>
<xs:element name="long" type="Longitude"/>
<xs:element name="elev" type="Elevation"/>
<xs:element name="accuracy" type="PositionalAccuracy"/>
<xs:element name="speed" type="TransmissionAndSpeed"/>
<xs:element name="heading" type="Heading"/>
<xs:element name="angle" type="SteeringWheelAngle"/>
<xs:element name="accelSet" type="AccelerationSet4Way"/>
<xs:element name="brakes" type="BrakeSystemStatus"/>
<xs:element name="size" type="VehicleSize"/>
<xs:element name="safetyExt“
type="VehicleSafetyExtension“
minOccurs="0"/>
<xs:element name="status“
type="VehicleStatus“
minOccurs="0"/>
<xs:element name="localBasicSafetyMessageVerbose"
type="local:BasicSafetyMessageVerbose“
minOccurs="0"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>

13. DSRC message examples
Importance Level from
FCC Policy Description
Description
(When to apply a specific urgency level) Example(s)
Reception
Latency
(Urgency)
Message
Priority
Access
Category (IEEE
802.11 Std)
Channel
(Suggested)
1 = Safety of Life
Those Messages and
Message Sets
requiring immediate
or urgent
transmission
Emergency impact mitigation and injury avoidance/mitigation Crash-Pending Notification < 10 mSec 7 3 Control
Emergency potential-event impact and/or injury mitigation and
avoidance
Pre-Crash < 10 mSec 7 3 Control
Urgent Warning Events (using Event Flags) Hard-Brake (Collision Warning, EEBL, Anti Lock, etc.) and Control Loss < 10 mSec 7 3 Control
Urgent warning of impending local situation Emergency Vehicle Approaching 10 to 20 mSec 5 2 Control
Situation-based status information of uninvolved local interest Situation Ahead (e.g., Emergency Vehicle, Accident) 10 to 20 mSec 5 2 Service
Situation-based status information of uninvolved local interest Situation Ahead (e.g., Emergency Vehicle, Accident) 10 to 20 mSec 5 2 Service
Potential-situation information of uninvolved local interest Probable-situation (e.g., Rapidly deteriorating dangerous conditions) 10 to 20 mSec 5 2 Service
Possible-situation information of uninvolved high-latency local interest Possible-situation (e.g., Deteriorating dangerous conditions) > 20 mSec 3 1 Service
2 = Public Safety
(Safety not in 1)
Roadside Units (RSUs)
and On-Board Units
(OBUs) operated by state
or local governmental
entities that are
presumptively engaged
in public safety priority
communications
(Includes Mobility and
Traffic Management
Features)
Urgent public safety downloads (Intersection Information) SPAT (Signal Phase and Timing) < 10 mSec 6 3 Control
Urgent public safety data transactions, exchanges Electronic Toll Collection < 10 mSec 5 2 Service
Periodic public safety status information Heartbeat message < 10 mSec 4 2 Control
Public safety geospatial context information GID message (Geospatial Context) < 10 mSec 4 2 Control
Semi-urgent public safety link establishment Lane Coordination; Cooperative ACC < 10 mSec 4 2 Control
Public safety GPS correction information GPSC message (GPS Correction) < 10 mSec 4 2 Control
Periodic less frequent public safety status information Heartbeat (at lower frequency) < 10 mSec 3 1 Control
Semi-urgent public safety system enabler Localized Geometric Intersection Definition Download 10 to 20 mSec 3 (0) 1 Service
Semi-urgent public safety data and application enabler Services Table, Digital Map Download > 20 mSec 3 (0) 1 Service
Important Traffic Management status information enabler Highway Closed Ahead > 20 mSec 3 (0) 1 Service
Important Announcement of Services WSA message (Wave Service Announcement) > 20 mSec 3 (0) 1 Service
Semi-important Traffic Management enabler General Traffic Information Download > 20 mSec 3 (0) 1 Service
Non-urgent Traffic Management Foundational Data Probe Messages, Localized warning zones update > 20 mSec 3 (0) 1 Service
3 = Non-Priority
Communications
(not in 1 or 2)
Fleet Management of
Traveler Information
Services and
Convenience or Private
Systems
Urgent, private mobility message Off-Board Navigation Reroute Instructions < 10 mSec 2 0 Service
Urgent, private and commercial electronic transactions Electronic Payments < 10 mSec 2 0 Service
Semi-urgent, private mobility data exchange Private mobility applications (e.g., GPS based driving instructions) 10 to 20 mSec 1 0 Service
Semi-urgent, private and commercial electronic transactions Commercial and private e-commerce applications 10 to 20 mSec 1 0 Service
Important, private and commercial electronic transactions Large commercial transactions (E-Commerce) 10 to 20 mSec 1 0 Service
Important, private mobility data exchange Commercial and private offers, directions 10 to 20 mSec 1 0 Service
Background, private mobility data exchange Area map download or upgrade > 20 mSec 1 0 Service
Background, private data downloads and upgrades Database download > 20 mSec 1 0 Service

14. Challenges
Connected Car
Awareness of energy consumption
Awareness of radiation
High-speed processing of information
Filtering the interesting slices of information
High-speed handshake for information exchange
High-speed setup of parallel and ad-hoc networks

15. Thank you for your attention!
mail@reza-zanjani.de
REZA ZANJANI