1. EGYPTIAN RELIGION

2. EGYPTIAN RELIGION LEVEL: 1ºde ESO UNIT: “First historic civilizations: Ancient Egypt.”

3. GOALS CONTENTS: To know general features of Egyptian religion. To recognize and identify main Egyptian gods. To learn about Egyptian beliefs about life afterlife and his relationship with another aspect of Egyptian civilization like art, politic,hieroglyphicwriting …

4. GOALS LANGUAGE: To extend general vocabulary and specific words about religion and culture. To practice descriptions

5. EGYPTIAN RELIGION: MAIN FEATURES Egyptian religion already was an authentic religion, with all elements Egyptian religion polytheistic, that is, they believed in various gods and goddesses, not in just one. Egyptians had intense beliefs in life after death, what had a big influence in his whole life: art, policy…

6. 1. Elements of hisreligion A) A pantheon of gods and divinities. B) Priests: At the service of religion, we could find priests, who had great power, accumulating great wealth in their temples, and they were owners of a large part of the country's land. C) Ceremoniesand rituals: They had several rituals, the most important of which was dedicated to favoring the wishes of the rising of the Nile River, which was very necessary for agriculture. Rites were necessary to preserve the order of the universe.

7. D) Temples: Religious rites were carried out in the temples. There were priests for each god and a great temple was built to keep the statue of the god where he could be worshipped. Temples had colossal dimensions and they were decorated with enormous columns. The most famous temples are those of Karnak and Luxor, both in Thebes, and that of Abu Simbel.

9. 2. Polytheism: hisgods and goddnesses The deities had a half human (anthropomorphic) appearance, half animal (zoomorphic). Or only animal or only human appearance. The Egyptians also worshipped natural elements (earth, river Nile) and some animals that were considered sacred: cocodrile, cat and beetle. The pharaoh was considered a god.

10. Main divinities The main god was the sun, the god creator, called in different ways: Ra, Amun or Atum.: When is Ra, he has head of falcon and sun disk above his head. When is Amónhe is crowned with feathers. Atum was the title that Amenofis IV named him.

12. Geb(godof theEarth) and Nut (goddess of the sky and heavens) were married and they had 2 daughters and 2 sons:Neftis, Isis, Set and Osiris. The most important of all Egyptian myths was the myth of Osiris and Isis.

13. Osiris was the god of the underworld, judge of the dead in the afterlife and consort of Isis Isis: the moon. Goddess of magic, motherhood and fertility and sister and consort of Osiris; represented as thethrone. Seth: god of the desert, storms and foreigners; later god of chaos Neftis: goddess of death, night and lamentation; the nursing mother of Horus and the pharaohs

14. Whoiswho? It has head of falcon and body of a human. Sheisblue, withgoldenstars in herbody and sheiscurved, withherhandsonthefloor. Itis a coworiswearinghornslike a cow and solar disk betweenhorns.

17. Horus, the sky god, had the head of a hawk, and body of a human. Falcon headed god of the sky, pharaohs, war and protection Anubis: dog or jackal. God of embalming and tomb-caretaker who watches over the dead Apis: bull deity worshipped in the Menphis region Hathor:cow-goddess of the sky, fertility, love, beauty and music.

18. Now, youhaveto describe thesedivinities: A) Sebek. B) Anubis C)Thoth

19. Others Destruction Sekhmet head of lion Sky Nut blue with golden stars Earth Gebcolour of plants and Nile mud. Dead Osiris dressed in white with crook and flail Desert Seth: animal head with long curved snout Wisdom Thothhead of ibis Embalming Anubishead of jackal Justice Ma'at feather in her hair Cats Bastet head of cat

20. 3. Afterlifebeliefs The Egyptians thought that there was life after death, or in other words, an afterlife. The dead were buried in monumental tombs: pyramids, mastabas, or hypogeum)

21. Tombs

22. They believed that humans possessed a ka, or life-force, which left the body at the point of death. In life, the ka received its sustenance from food and drink, so it was believed that, to endure after death, the ka must continue to receive offerings of food, whose spiritual essence it could still consume.

23. Each person also had a ba, the set of spiritual characteristics unique to each individual.Unlike the ka, the ba remained attached to the body after death. Egyptian funeral rituals were intended to release the ba from the body so that it could move freely, and to rejoin it with the ka so that it could live on as an akh

24. So, they had to keep intact the bodies for the new life. Dead people were converted into mummies, that is, corpses were dried and wrapped with bandages. Mummies were put into a sarcophagus and buried in tombs. The sarcophagus was surrounded by different things that the deceased could need in their life after death: food, clothing, servants, statutes... This was the treasure.

25. Osiris´Judgment When a persondied, he hadtoundergotoOsiris´Judgment. In this judgment, Anubis would weigh your soul against a feather, and if your soul was heavier than the feather (with bad deeds), you would be punished. This was called the Weighing of the Heart

26. Osiris´Judgment

27. Thebook of thedead The Egyptian "Book of the Dead" contains the major ideas and beliefs in the ancient Egyptian religion. In it is explained how was the Weighing of the Heart, which amulets and instructions you must follow for arriving afterlife.

28. MUMMIFICATION A product of the belief in the afterlife was mummification or the preparation of the dead for the next life. The bodies were subjectedto a long process during which their intestines were extracted (and deposited in glasses called “canopic jars”) and, through the coated in different substances, they were carefully wrapped in bandage to preserve the appearance they had when they were alive.

29. Vocabulary Politheism Mummification Afterlife Canopicjars Toembalm Mastaba Hieroglyphicwriting