Más contenido relacionado
Asun Gomez Perez's presentation at SSSW 2011
- 1. Ontology Engineering and
Resource Re-Engineering
Asunción Gómez-Pérez (asun@fi.upm.es)
Credits to:
Boris Villazón-Terrazas (bvillazon@fi.upm.es)
Mari Carmen Suárez -Figueroa (mcsuarez@fi.upm.es)
Work distributed under the license Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0
Ontological Engineering 1 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 2. Motivation Index
State of the Art on Methodologies for Ontology Engineering
Building an ontology
Conclusion
Ontological Engineering 2 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 3. Motivation
Classical
In our team, we want to build an OWL ontology in
the geographical domain, but we want to use
several geographical standardized terminology
stored in DBs and classification schemes in our
own format. I want to combine it with statistic
information about unemployment
Non Ontological
Resource Reuse
Non Ontological
Resource
Reengineering
Ontological Engineering 3 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 4. Where is the terminology?
DBs from a Geographical institute
Catalog/ID
Implicit knowledge
Heterogeneity coded in numbers
.- Language
.- Terminology XX-YY-ZZ
.- Granularity 02-01-02
02: transportation
01: road
02: 3-lines highway
Ontological Engineering 4 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 5. Different Data Models
with the same information
Ontological Engineering 5 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 6. Lot of terminologies being used …
Music On-line activities
E-Gov Publications
Cross-domains
Geographic Life Sciences
Ontological Engineering 6 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 7. Tools for searching vocabularies
http://schemaweb.info
http://swoogle.umbc.edu/
Linked Open Vocabularies
Linked Open Vocabularies
http://labs.mondeca.com/dataset/lov
http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/WatsonWUI/
7
Ontological Engineering 7 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 9. Geolinkeddata ontologies
Ontology Network
WGS84 Geo
Positioning: an RDF
vocabulary scv:Dimension
scv:Item
W3C 4 scv:Dataset
hydrographical Vocabulary
Time ontology phenomena (rivers,
lakes, etc.)
O.
hasStatisticalData Statistics
hasLat/Long WGS84 hasLat/Long
SCOVO
SCOVO
on
hydrOntology hasLocation/isLocated FAO
Vocabulary for
hydrOntology O. instants, intervals,
durations, etc.
FAO Time
UNESCO Geopolitical
EGM / ERM 4 hasGeometry
hasGeometry
ontology
W3C Time
GeoNames
… GML
Names and Legend
international code
Ontology for OGC GML 4 systems for
territories and
Ontology
Geography Markup Specification
Language groups
Specification 4
Thesaurus
Ontological Engineering 9 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 10. Motivation
Ontology
Mappings
In our team, we want to build an ontology about the
Classical
human resources management domain. The
ontology should include information about
occupations and activity sectors, data must be kept
in the original DBs, and we want to have the
ontology in several natural languages.
Ontology-DB
mapping Ontological
Resource Reuse
Re-engineering
Non-ontological Localizing Ontological
resources Resources
Ontological Engineering 10 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 11. Index
Motivation
State of the Art on Methodologies for Ontology Engineering
Building an ontology
Conclusion
Ontological Engineering 11 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 12. Building ontologies in the 1990s and 2000s
Methodologies for building single ontologies do not
consider the reuse of knowledge
• Uschold and King’s method
• Grüninger and Fox’s methodology
• KACTUS approach
• METHONTOLOGY
• SENSUS method
• On-To-Knowledge
• DILIGENT
Ontology learning approaches for building ontologies from
structured, semi-structured and non-structured data
• Are not integrated with current methodologies
• Mainly from non-structured data using NLP techniques
Ontological Engineering 12 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 13. Current situation
• Reuse of knowledge-aware resources
– Already consensuated by domain experts
• Ontologies are built collaboratively
• Ontologies are connected in ontology
networks
• Multilingual features
Ontology
Development
Process
Ontological Engineering 13 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 14. Knowledge Resources
NeOn Scenarios
Non Ontological Resources Ontological Resources
Glossaries Dictionaries Lexicons O. Design Patterns O. Repositories and Registries
3 4
Flogic
5 6
Classification
Schemas
Taxonomies Thesauri RDF(S)
OWL
Ontological Resource
2 Reuse
2 5 6
O. Aligning
Non Ontological Resource Ontology Design 4
Reuse Pattern Reuse 3
6 O. Merging
2 Ontological Resource
7 Reengineering
5 Alignments
Non Ontological Resource
Reengineering 4 6
1
RDF(S)
O. Specification Scheduling O. Conceptualization O. Formalization O. Implementation
Flogic
8
9 Ontology Restructuring
(Pruning, Extension,
O. Localization Specialization, Modularization) OWL
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9
14
Ontology Support Activities: Knowledge Acquisition (Elicitation); Documentation;
OntologicalConfiguration Management; Evaluation
Engineering 14 (V&V); Assessment Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
© A. Gómez Pérez, M.C.
- 15. NeOn Methodology
Process and activities covered: All processes and activities are described with:
Ontology Specification A filling card
Scheduling A workflow
Non-Ontological Resource Reuse Examples
Non-Ontological Resource Re-engineering
Reuse General Ontologies
Reuse Domain Ontologies
Reuse Ontology Statements
Reuse Ontology Design Patterns
Ontological Engineering 15 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 16. Handbook on the NeOn Methodology
http://www.neon-project.org/nw/NeOn_Book
Ontological Engineering 16
Slide© A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
16
- 17. 22 Executive Chapter Summaries are available at the NeOn Web Site
Slide 17
Ontological Engineering 17 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
Slide 17
- 18. Index
Motivation
State of the Art on Methodologies for Ontology Engineering
Building an ontology
Conclusion
Ontological Engineering 18 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 19. Looking for an European Employment
o
EURES
p ESES
(Int) n Cand.
ES ES
m
q
ES Cand. ES
Vacan.
Vacan. Cand. l
Catalonia
r ESES
(Es)
ES Vacan.
i
Lombard ES
ES (It)
Cand.
a h
ES ES
LEGENDA
b
ES
g
Private
ES ES
(Int)
ES Employment Service c f Vacan.
Cand.
Cand. ES ES
Job Seeker’s Candidacy d e
Wallonia
ES ESES
(Be)
Vacan.
Vacan.
Employer Job Vacancy
Ontological Engineering 19 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 20. Helping Job Seekers on their way
Local
o
EURES Matching
p ESES n
(Int) algorithm
ES ES
m Local
Matching
q ES algorithm
Cand. ES Cand.
Cand.
Vacan. l
Catalonia
r Vacan.
Vacan.
Cand.
Cand. ESES
(Es)
ES
Cand.
Cand.
European Vacan.
Vacan.
i
Lombard Employment ES
ES (It) Mediators
Vacan.
Vacan.
Marketplace Cand.
Cand.
a h
ES ES
LEGENDA Cand.
Cand.
Vacan.
Vacan.
Vacan.
Vacan. Local
Matching
Requester ES b Private algorithm
g
ES ES ES
(Int)
Responding ES Local
Matching
ES not involved c f
algorithm
Cand.
Cand. ES ES
d e
Wallonia
Job Seeker’s Candidacy ESES
(Be)
ES
Vacan.
Vacan.
Employer Job Vacancy
Ontological Engineering 20 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 21. Key issues
• Reuse of proprietary knowledge-aware
resources
• Heterogeneity
– Terms are in different languages
– Different conceptualization (different ways of
organizing job categories)
– Different DB schemas
• Data must be kept in the original sources
and in their own language.
Ontological Engineering 21 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 22. Key aspects of Ontological Engineering
• Ontologies
– Single versus network of ontologies?
– Are ontologies built from scratch or reusing knowledge-aware
resources?
– Are mappings used for solving conceptual mistmaches?
• Instances
– Where are the data/instances?
• Instances are in the ontology
• Instances are in RDF files independently of the ontology
• Data are kept in the original sources
– Are instances distributed or centralized?
– Have instances a very high rate of changes?
– Heterogeneous provenance of instances
– Degrees of data quality
– Permissions
Ontological Engineering 22 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 23. Centralized network of Federated network of ontologies
ontologies where data are where data are distributed
distributed
Ms Ms
Ms
Ms Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms Ms
1. Build a reference ontology for the domain
1. Build a reference ontology 2. Build local ontologies
3. Build mappings between the core and local ontologies
2. Build mappings between the 4. Build mappings between the local ontologies and the data
reference ontology and the data sources sources
Ontological Engineering 23 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 24. Knowledge Resources
NeOn Methodology
Non Ontological Resources Ontological Resources
Glossaries Dictionaries Lexicons O. Design Patterns O. Repositories and Registries
3 4
Flogic
5 6
Classification
Schemas
Taxonomies Thesauri RDF(S)
OWL
Ontological Resource
2 Reuse
2 5 6
O. Aligning
Non Ontological Resource Ontology Design 4
Reuse Pattern Reuse 3
6 O. Merging
2 Ontological Resource
7 Reengineering
5 Alignments
Non Ontological Resource
Reengineering 4 6
1
RDF(S)
O. Specification Scheduling O. Conceptualization O. Formalization O. Implementation
Flogic
8
9 Ontology Restructuring
(Pruning, Extension,
O. Localization Specialization, Modularization) OWL
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9
24
Ontology Support Activities: Knowledge Acquisition (Elicitation); Documentation;
OntologicalConfiguration Management; Evaluation
Engineering 24 (V&V); Assessment Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
© A. Gómez Pérez, M.C.
- 25. Ontology Requirement
Specification Document
Ontology Requirements Specification Document Template
1 Purpose
“Software developers and ontology practitioners should include in
this slot the purpose of the ontology”
2 Scope
“Software developers and ontology practitioners should include in
this slot the scope of the ontology”
3 Level of Formality
“Software developers and ontology practitioners should include in
this slot the level of formality of the ontology”
4 Intended Users
“Software developers and ontology practitioners should include in
this slot the intended users of the ontology”
5 Intended Uses
“Software developers and ontology practitioners should include in
this slot the intended uses of the ontology”
6 Groups of Competency Questions
“Software developers and ontology practitioners should include in
this slot the groups of competency questions and their answers,
including priorities for each group”
7 Pre-Glossary of Terms
Terms
“Software developers and ontology practitioners should include in
this slot the list of terms included in the CQs and their
Ontological Engineering 25 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
frequencies”
- 26. Ontology Specification:
Identify requirements using competency questions
Ontological Engineering 26 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 27. Ontology Specification.
The Ontology Requirement Specification
Document
Ontological Engineering 27 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 28. Knowledge Resources
NeOn Methodology
Non Ontological Resources Ontological Resources
Glossaries Dictionaries Lexicons O. Design Patterns O. Repositories and Registries
3 4
Flogic
5 6
Classification
Schemas
Taxonomies Thesauri RDF(S)
OWL
Ontological Resource
2 Reuse
2 5 6
O. Aligning
Non Ontological Resource Ontology Design 4
Reuse Pattern Reuse 3
6 O. Merging
2 Ontological Resource
7 Reengineering
5 Alignments
Non Ontological Resource
Reengineering 4 6
1
RDF(S)
O. Specification Scheduling O. Conceptualization O. Formalization O. Implementation
Flogic
8
9 Ontology Restructuring
(Pruning, Extension,
O. Localization Specialization, Modularization) OWL
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9
28
Ontology Support Activities: Knowledge Acquisition (Elicitation); Documentation;
OntologicalConfiguration Management; Evaluation
Engineering 28 (V&V); Assessment Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
© A. Gómez Pérez, M.C.
- 29. Searching Resources
• Use the terminology from the ORSD
• Find resources covering the terminology
Knowledge Resources
Non Ontological Resources Ontological Resources
Glossaries Dictionaries Lexicons O. Design Patterns O. Repositories and Registries
Flogic
Classification
Taxonomies Thesauri RDF(S)
Schemas
OWL
2
• Where:
- Internet
Linked Open Vocabularies
- Standardization bodies (ISO,…)
- Intranet of the organization
- Ontology Registries
Ontological Engineering 29 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 30. Search and Select
non-ontological resources
• We select the most appropriate
standards and taxonomies for:
– Occupation Classification Language Classification
ISCO-88 (COM), SOC, ISCO-88, ISO 6392, CEF
ONET, Eures Taxonomy.
– Classification of Economic
Driving License Classification
Activities European Legislation
ISIC Rev. 3.1, NACE Rev. 1.1, Skill Classification
NAICS
– Apprenticeship classifications
Eures Taxonomy
ISCED 97, FOET Contract Types Classification
– Currency Classification LE FOREM, Eures and BLL Classification
ISO 4217 Work Condition Classification
– Geography Classification LE FOREM, Eures and BLL Classification
ISO 3166, Eures Taxonomy
Is the terminology included in
the Ontology Requirements Specification Document
covered by the resources?
Ontological Engineering 30 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 31. ISO 4217 (currencies) ISO 3166 (countries)
Ontological Engineering 31 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 33. Searching Ontologies
Ontology Requirement
Specification Document
• Search ontologies
• Compare and Assess ontologies
• Select the best ontology based on
– Coverage of the domain
– Expressivity of the Implementation language
Ontological Engineering 33 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 34. Knowledge Resources
NeOn Methodology
Non Ontological Resources Ontological Resources
Glossaries Dictionaries Lexicons O. Design Patterns O. Repositories and Registries
3 4
Flogic
5 6
Classification
Schemas
Taxonomies Thesauri RDF(S)
OWL
Ontological Resource
2 Reuse
2 5 6
O. Aligning
Non Ontological Resource Ontology Design 4
Reuse Pattern Reuse 3
6 O. Merging
2 Ontological Resource
7 Reengineering
5 Alignments
Non Ontological Resource
Reengineering 4 6
1
RDF(S)
O. Specification Scheduling O. Conceptualization O. Formalization O. Implementation
Flogic
8
9 Ontology Restructuring
(Pruning, Extension,
O. Localization Specialization, Modularization) OWL
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9
34
Ontology Support Activities: Knowledge Acquisition (Elicitation); Documentation;
OntologicalConfiguration Management; Evaluation
Engineering 34 (V&V); Assessment Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
© A. Gómez Pérez, M.C.
- 35. Gantt chart for your project. Waterfall model
Ontological Engineering 35 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 36. Reuse and Re-engineer ing + Incr emental
Ontological Engineering 36 Slide 36
© A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 37. Knowledge Resources
NeOn Methodology
Non Ontological Resources Ontological Resources
Glossaries Dictionaries Lexicons O. Design Patterns O. Repositories and Registries
3 4
Flogic
5 6
Classification
Schemas
Taxonomies Thesauri RDF(S)
OWL
Ontological Resource
2 Reuse
2 5 6
O. Aligning
Non Ontological Resource Ontology Design 4
Reuse Pattern Reuse 3
6 O. Merging
2 Ontological Resource
7 Reengineering
5 Alignments
Non Ontological Resource
Reengineering 4 6
1
RDF(S)
O. Specification Scheduling O. Conceptualization O. Formalization O. Implementation
Flogic
8
9 Ontology Restructuring
(Pruning, Extension,
O. Localization Specialization, Modularization) OWL
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9
37
Ontology Support Activities: Knowledge Acquisition (Elicitation); Documentation;
OntologicalConfiguration Management; Evaluation
Engineering 37 (V&V); Assessment Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
© A. Gómez Pérez, M.C.
- 38. Motivation
I want to transform my
adjacency list-based
classification into an
ontology
Ontological Engineering 38 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 39. Types of non-ontological resources
Non-Ontological
Resources are
knowledge-aware
resources whose
semantics have not
been formalized yet
by means of an
ontology
Ontological Engineering 39 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 40. Types of non-ontological resources
Ontological Engineering 40 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 41. Approaches to transform
resources into ontologies
ABox
TBox
Population
Ontological Engineering 41 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 42. Approach for Re-engineering Non-Ontological
Resources
Ontological Engineering 42 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 43. Patterns for Re-engineering Classification Schemes into Ontologies
– ABox transformation
– TBox transformation
Ontological Engineering 43 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 44. Re-engineering NORs
Template for the PR-NOR
INPUT
OUTPUT
PROCESS
Ontological Engineering 44 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
© A Method for Reusing and Re-engineering Non-Ontological
- 45. Patterns for Re-engineering Classification Schemes
Pattern for re-engineering a classification scheme, which follows the adjacency list data model,
into an ontology schema
INPUT: Non-Ontological Resource
OUTPUT: Ontology PROCESS: How to Re-
General Generated
General engineer
Example
Example
Example
Ontological Engineering 45 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 46. Technological support
PR-NOR library at the ODP Portal
NOR2O: a Library for Transforming
Non-Ontological Resources to Ontologies
http://mccarthy.dia.fi.upm.es/nor2o/
Ontological Engineering 46 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 47. Pattern based approach for re-engineering
non ontological resources
ISCO-88 (COM)
Inter national Standar d Classification
of Occupations Occupation
Ontology
(for Eur opean Union pur poses)
FOET
Classification of fields of Education
Ontology
education and tr aining
Pattern for re-engineering a
NACE classification scheme modelled
Statistical Classification of with a Path Enumeration Data Model
Economic Activities in the Economic
Eur opean Community Activity
Ontology
ISO 3166 Pattern for re-engineering a
English countr y names
classification scheme modelled
and code elements Geography
with a Snowflake Data Model Ontology
ISTAT
Italian Geogr aphy
Standar d
Pattern for re-engineering a
classification scheme modelled Italian
Geography
with an Adjacency List Data Model Ontology
Ontological Engineering 47 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 48. Knowledge Resource Re-engineering and
Aggregation
…. ISO 3166-1 (XML) Regions Table
<ISO_3166-1_Entry>
(Eures Oracle DB)
<ISO_3166-1_Country_name>SPAIN</ISO_3166-1_Country_name>
<ISO_3166-1_Alpha-2_Code_element>ES</ISO_3166-1_Alpha-2_Code_element>
</ISO_3166-1_Entry>
…
Excerpt of the
Location
Geography Ontology
Ontology model subClass-Of
Country has region Region
Spain Cataluña
Canarias
Ontology instances
Galicia
Ontological Engineering 48 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
Andalucía
- 49. Knowledge Resources
NeOn Methodology
Non Ontological Resources Ontological Resources
Glossaries Dictionaries Lexicons O. Design Patterns O. Repositories and Registries
3 4
Flogic
5 6
Classification
Schemas
Taxonomies Thesauri RDF(S)
OWL
Ontological Resource
2 Reuse
2 5 6
O. Aligning
Non Ontological Resource Ontology Design 4
Reuse Pattern Reuse 3
6 O. Merging
2 Ontological Resource
7 Reengineering
5 Alignments
Non Ontological Resource
Reengineering 4 6
1
RDF(S)
O. Specification Scheduling O. Conceptualization O. Formalization O. Implementation
Flogic
8
9 Ontology Restructuring
(Pruning, Extension,
O. Localization Specialization, Modularization) OWL
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9
49
Ontology Support Activities: Knowledge Acquisition (Elicitation); Documentation;
OntologicalConfiguration Management; Evaluation
Engineering 49 (V&V); Assessment Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
© A. Gómez Pérez, M.C.
- 50. Conceptualization:
Modular approach for ontology construction
Reusability Usability
- +
Application
Domain O. : Job Seeker, Job Offer
Domain O.: Economic Activity, Occupation, Education, Skill, Driving
License, Compensation, Labour Regulatory, Competence
General/Common Ontologies: Time, Geography, Language
+ Representation Ontology: WSML -
Ontological Engineering 50 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 51. Reference Ontology ISCO-88 COM
EURES CEF
ONET
ISO 6392
EURES
Language
Skill
Ontology
Ontology Occupation
Ontology
EURES
LE FOREM + BLL + EURES
ISO 3166
subClass-Of
Labour
Regulatory Geography
Ontology Ontology
DAML Time
Ontology
Job Offer Job Seeker
Ontology Ontology
Competence has date of birth
Ontology / is date of birth of
Time
Ontology
ISO 4217
FOET
subClass-Of
ISCED97
Compensation
Ontology
European Legislation
Education
Ontology
Driving Ad hoc wrapper
License Economic
Ontology External Sources
Activity
Ontology NACE Rev. 1.1
Ontological Engineering 51 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 52. Details of the ontology
has education / requires education /
is education of Education is associated with
Language has competence / requires competence /
Ontology is competence of Competence is associated with
Competence
has mother language / Ontology
Education
has work condition /
Language
is mother tongue of Ontology has work condition /
is associated to
Work Condition Labour is associated with
Regulatory
has contract type /
Job Offer
has compensation / is associated to
Ontology Ontology
speaks /
is spoken by Job Seeker has contract type /
Contract Type
Ontology is associated with
has compensation /
is associated with
has nationality from / Compensation has location /
Job Seeker
is nation of Compensation is location of
Organization
is associated with / is associated to
Ontology
has candidacy/ resides in / has job vacancy/
belongs to is residence of Country belongs to
Geography
Ontology
Candidacy
has work experience /
Job Vacancy
belongs to
Location
has location
is located in /
has objective / has activity sector / is associated with has vacancy/
has job category / belongs to is associated with belongs to
Offered Work Requested
Sector
is associated with Experience Work Experience
Objective is associated with / Vacancy
has activity sector / requires work experience
is associated with
has activity sector /
subClass-Of is associated with subClass-Of
Economic
has activity sector /
Activity
is associated with
has job category Computing Ontology has job category/ ICT
ICT Objective
is associated with Professionals is associated with Vacancy
has job category / subClass-Of Occupation has job category/
Ontology is associated with
is associated with
Occupation
has job category /
is associated with
Ontological Engineering 52 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza
- 53. Conclusions
1. The NeOn methodology
facilitates the reuse and
reengineering of non
ontological resources into
ontologies
2. The reuse of non-ontological
resources that have been
reached some degree of
consensus in a community
allows the development of
ontologies easier and quicker
Ontological Engineering 53 © A. Gómez Pérez, M.C. Suarez de Figueroa, B. Villazón, E.Montiel, G. Aguado, M. Espinoza