1. REPORT ON RURAL AGRICULTURE WORK EXPERIANCE
Birsa Agricultural University
TILKA MANJHI AGRICULTURE COLLEGE, GODDA
SUBMITTED TO
DR. ABHIJEET SATPATHY
Asst Prof cum junior scientist,
BAU Ranchi
PRESENTED BY VIKASH KUMAR
Roll no-63
Batch-2019-20
7TH Semester
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who have contributed towards the
successful completion of my RAWE. First and foremost, I would like to thank my course
coordinator Dr. Abhijeet Satpathy for providing me with invaluable guidance and support
throughout the RAWE report. Your timely feedback and encouragement have been crucial in
shaping my work.
I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to our associate dean, Dr. Amrit Jha whose
insightful suggestions and expert advice have greatly enhanced the quality of my project. Your
ideas have pushed me beyond my perceived limitations, and I am grateful for the incredible
learning experience.
5. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS RAWE ?
RAWE stands for Rural Agricultural Work Experience Program it is organised for B.Sc
Agriculture student of VII Semester. RAWE helps the students primarily in
understanding the rural situations, status of agricultural technologies adopted by
farmers, prioritize the farmer's problems and to develop skills and attitude of
working with farm families for overall development in rural area.
6. Objectives of RAWE.
• To gain knowledge and experience opportunity aspect of agricultural
technology being use by farmer.
• To make the students familiar with socio-economic conditions of the
farmers and their problems.
• To develop communication skills in students using extension teaching
methods in transfer of technology.
• To develop confidence and competence to solve agricultural problems.
7. O2
Rapport building is an important
task for the team for collecting
reliable information. It is usually
done to develop communications
and to establish working
relationships with the local
people. Generally, rapport
building is initiated immediately
as the team enters a village. This
may help the team to bring
closer to the village people.
RAPPORT BUILDING
8. ABOUT RAMLA VILLAGE
Name of village: Ramla Naukhil
Block: Godda(Sadar)
District: Godda
Post: Ramla
Name of the Panchayat: Dhodhari
Pin code: 814133
Total geographical area: 220 ha
Naukhil has a total population of 1,800 people.
9. DETAILS ABOUT HOST FARMER
Name :- RAMBHIR BHANDARI
AGE :- 56
EDUCATION :- PRIMARY
Land holding :- 0.144 ha
No. of family members :- 5
Rambhir bhandari is a MARGINAL FARMER .
He grow crops wheat, mustard and rice.
10. VILLAGE PROFILE STUDY
In village profile study we study about total population, types of there houses, education, land
use pattern, marketing facilities and technological access etc.
30%
30%
40%
Male Female Children
TOTAL VILLAGE POPULATION
TYPES OF HOUSES
KACHHA
HOUSE
10%
PAKKA
HOUSE
90%
11. category Numbers Percentage
Illiterate 180 10%
Primary Education 1620 90%
Middle School 1260 70%
High School 900 50%
Intermediate 900 50%
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION
180
1620
1260
900
900
ILLITERATE PRIMARY EDUCATION MIDDLE SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL INTERMEDIATE
12. LAND USE PATTERN OF VILLAGE
Item Area in
hectares
% Of total geographical area
Total Geographical area
of village
220 ha 100%
Area under forest 2ha 0.909%
Barren and uncultivable
land
05 ha 2.2%
Cultivable land 82 ha 37.27%
Total fallow land 07 ha 3.18%
Net sown area 82ha 37.27%
Net irrigated area 26 ha 11.8%
Area sown more than
once
26 ha 11.8%
Gross cropped area 82 ha 37.27%
13. AGRONOMICAL INTERVENTIONS
In Agronomical intervention we collected data from individual
host farmers and taken details about following:-
TOTAL CULTIVABLE LAND .
CROP CULTIVATED BY THE FARMER.
PREVIOUS CROPPING HISTORY .
THERE COST OF CULTIVATION.
MACHINE AND LABOUR COSTS.
NET PROFIT.
14. AGRONOMICAL INTERVENTIONS
RECOMMENDED DOSE FOR FARMER
CROPS AREA OF
CULTIVATION
NPK RATIO KG
PER HECTARE
FERTILIZER DOSE FOR
FARMER
UREA MOP DAP
RICE 0.144 ha 100:60:60 30.43
kg
14.4 kg 18.78 kg
Mustard 0.074 ha 80:60:40 9.27 kg 5 kg 9.65 kg
wheat 0.07 ha 80:60:40 9.22 kg 5 kg 9.65 kg
15. AGRONOMICAL INTERVENTIONS
COST OF CULTIVATION OF HOST FARMER FIELD
CROPS AREA OF
CULTIVATION
YIELD OBTAINED COST OF
CULTIVATION
VALUE OF
PRODUCE
PROFIT
RICE 0.144 ha 6.48 quintal 11,520 12,960 1440
Mustard 0.074 ha 0.88 quintal 2500 5150 2650
wheat 0.07 ha 1.61 quintal 1800 2900 1450
1.RICE
GROSS INCOME = 12960
B.C RATIO = GROSS INCOME/COST OF
CULTIVATION
B.C RATIO = 12960/11520 = 1.125
2. MUSTARD
GROSS INCOME = 5150
B.C RATIO = 5150/2500 = 2.06
3. WHEAT
GROSS INCOME = 2900
B.C RATIO = 2900/1800 = 1.60
16. AGRONOMICAL INTERVENTION
IMPORTANCE OF LINE SOWING OVER
BROADCASTING
• Seeds are placed at proper & uniform depths,
therefore proper crop stand.
• Along the rows, inter - culturing can be done.
• Uniform row to row spacing is maintained.
• Seed requirement is less than ‘broad casting’.
17. AGRONOMICAL INTERVENTIONS
WEED MANAGEMENT
weed management, also known as weed control, refers to the
practice of preventing, suppressing or eradicating unwanted
plants that are invasive or harmful to crops, gardens or natural
ecosystems. Weed management can involve various techniques,
1. Manual removal
2. Chemical treatments
3. Cultural practices
4. Integrated pest management strategies.
18. AGRONOMICAL INTERVENTIONS
WEED MANAGEMENT SUGGESTION TO FARMER
1.Hand Weeding: This is one of the oldest and cheapest methods
of weed management. Hand weeding can be done using simple
hand tools, and it involves removing weeds manually from the
farm.
2.Mulching: Mulching involves covering the soil around the crops
with organic materials like straw, leaves, or grass clippings.
3.Crop Rotation: Crop rotation involves growing different crops
in the same field in different seasons..
19. AGRONOMICAL INTERVENTIONS
WEED MANAGEMENT SUGGESTION TO FARMER
CHEMICAL METHOD
RICE CROP :-
PREMERGENCE WEED HERBICIDES BUTACHLOR @ 1 kg a.i/ha
POST EMERGENCE WEEDS PROPANIL@3KG a.i/ha
WHEAT CROP :-
Spray Isoproturon 800 g/ha as pre-emergence spraying
20. HORTICULTURAL INTERVENTION
CANOPY MANAGEMENT
Canopy management is the manipulation of tree
canopies to optimize the production of quality fruits.
Increase in production with enhanced fruit quality is
obtained by managing canopies of short statured trees.
Basic principles in canopy management are:
1. Maximum utilization of light.
2. Convenience in carrying out the cultural practices.
3. Maximizing productivity with quality fruit
production.
21. HORTICULTURAL INTERVENTION
TRAINING
Training of young plant is done in early years of planting by
removing side branches upto the height of one metre from the
ground level and side branches are allowed to grow beyond 1
metre height.
Such type of initial training provides good architecture of the
plant and it is helpful in good fruit production.
PRUNING
In plant cultivation, pruning refers to the process of removing
certain parts of a plant, such as branches, shoots, or leaves, in
order to improve its growth, health, and productivity.
22. HORTICULTURAL INTERVENTION
Bearing Mango Orchards
In bearing mango trees, for management of canopy and enhancing
their productivity, identify uprightly growing branches in each tree and
thin them out for increasing the productivity.
ALTERNATE BEARING
Alternate Bearing (AB) is an alternating pattern of large and small crops
occurring in many fruit species that is internally regulated by the plant.
The biennial bearing or alternate bearing habit of mango (Mangifera
indica L.) is a major problem for its commercial cultivation for getting
expected productivity.
23. SOIL INTERVENTION
IN OUR SOIL INTERVENTION WE COLLECTED SOIL SAMPLE FROM FARMER
FIELDS TO KNOW VARIOUS SOIL PROPERTIES, NUTRIENT CONTENTS, AND
IT'S OVERALL COMPOSITION.
SOIL SAMPLING OF A
PARITICULAR LAND SHOULD
BE DONE IN ZIG-ZAG PATTERN
ATLEASST 5 SAMPLE FROM
DIFFERENT AREAS OF FIELD
MAKE A ‘V’ SHAPED CUT IN
THE SAMPLING SPOT USING
THE SPADE TO A DEPTH OF 15
CM BY MEASURING IT WITH A
SCALE
COLLECT 4-5 SAMPLES FROM
EACH PLOT DEPENDS UPON
THE PLOT
MIX ALL THE SAMPLES
THOROUGHLY
REDUCE THE BULK TO THE
DESIRED AMOUNT
COLLECT THE SAMPLE IN A POLYTHENE BAG.
LABEL THE BAG WITH INFORMATION LIKE
NAME OF THE FARMER, LOCATION OF THE
FARM, SURVEY NUMBER, PREVIOUS CROP
GROWN, PRESENT CROP, CROP TO BE
GROWN IN THE NEXT SEASON, DATE. of
collection,
24. DEMONSTRATION AND INSTALLATION OF YELLOW STICKY TRAP
MATERIAL REQUIRED
Hardboard and paint it yellow colour
White grease
Bamboo poles
Rope
STEPS OF YELLOW STICKY TRAP
ENTOMOLOGY INTERVENTION
25. PLANT PATHOLOGY INTERVENTION
TYPES OF SEED TREATMENT DESCRIBE TO THE FARMERS
• DRY SEED TREATMENT
• WET SEED TREATMENT
• SLURRY SEED TREATMENT
26. DRY SEED TREATMENT
Dry seed treatment is a process of applying chemicals to seeds in
their dry state to control diseases and pests, improve seed
germination and plant growth, and increase yield. Here are some
common dry seed treatment methods:
1.Seed Coating: Seed coating involves applying a layer of
chemicals or nutrients to the surface of the seed to protect it from
pests and diseases and enhance its germination and growth.
2.Seed Dressing: Seed dressing involves applying a chemical
solution to the surface of the seed to control seed-borne diseases
and pests.
PLANT PATHOLOGY INTERVENTION
27. PLANT PATHOLOGY INTERVENTION
WET SEED TREATMENT
Wet seed treatment, also known as seed soaking, is a process of
treating seeds with a chemical solution to control pests and
diseases and improve seed germination and plant growth
1.Seed Soaking: Seed soaking involves immersing seeds in a
chemical solution for a specified period to control pests and
diseases and improve seed germination. Common chemicals used
for seed soaking include fungicides, insecticides, and growth
regulators.
28. SLURRY SEED TREATMENT
Slurry seed treatment is a process of applying a slurry of
chemicals to the seeds to protect them from diseases and pests
and improve seed germination and plant growth. In this method, a
mixture of water, chemicals, and sometimes other materials like
adhesives or nutrients is prepared, and the seeds are coated in
this mixture.
31. PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA)
FATHER OF PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL:- ROBERT CHAMBER
HE ALSO PROPOSED FARMER FIRST MODEL PROPOSED
PRA IS A PROCESS OF INVOLVING LOCAL PEOPLE IN THE ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF LOCAL SITUATION. PRA IS CHARACTERIZED BY AN
APPLIED SCIENCE, HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT, FLEABLE APPROACH OF
PROGRESSIVE LEARNING SYSTEM WHICH IS CONDUCTED BY MULTI
DISCIPLINARY TEAM EMPHASIZE ON COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION. IT INITIATES
A PARTICIPATORY PROCESS AND SUSTAINS IT.
32. PRA TECHNIQUES
PRA is both an attitude and methodology. It is one of the tools of surveying that
helps outsiders to understand the village symbols, systems, dynamics and
politics by using various techniques as well as by methods of direct observation
and discussion. The process of understanding the agro system and the social
organization can only be successful with the total involvement of the village
people & the officials concerned.
Social map
Time line
Resource map
Venn diagram
Trend analysis
33. Social map is a diagram depicting village layout, roads, human habitation, post office, schools, temple,
anganwadi centre, cattle, common facilities etc.
SOCIAL MAP OF VILLAGE RAMLA NAUKHIL
34. Time line is the best participatory method to collect information
pertaining to changes in forests, land use, community preferences,
community problems, socio-economic aspects, bio-diversity and other
development activities.
TIMELINE MAP
35. Resource map focuses on the natural resources in the locality and depicts land,
hills, rivers, fields, vegetation, degraded lands, pastures, water sources, forest
areas, etc.
RESOURCE MAP
36. Trend analysis is a participatory technique to record the key positive and negative
events and trends in the history of the village.
This process may involve comparing past and current crop productivity levels, cost
of production, soil fertility, rates of erosion, income levels, agricultural labor
force and involvement in allied enterprises.
TREND ANALYSIS
37. Venn diagram is a visual method to represent the role of individuals or institutes
and degree of their importance in the process of decision making and their
performance.
Overlapping of circles indicates their inter-relationship and interaction with
another institutions.
VENN DIAGRAM
38. ITK
Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) is the actual
knowledge of a given population that reflects the
experiences based on tradition and includes more recent
experiences with modern technologies.
1. Parboiling
39. 1. WOODEN PLOUGH FOR LAND PREPARTION
This plough is made up of Babool, sal, sisham wood and mild steel. The body and handle are made
from one piece, but the shoe is separate. It is operated by one pair of bullocks by fixing a rope to a
yoke. The weight of the implement is 48 lbs and covers 0.8 to 1 acre/day with an average depth and
width of 5 and 6 inches respectively in alluvial soils. The draught requirement for this tool is 185 lbs.
40. C
1.Marginal farmers unable
to afford costly crop
cultivation.
2.Large insect pest attack.
3.Farmers are shifted from
crop cultivation and
migrated.
4.No crop rotation
practices.
CHALLENGES
O
1.Latest & upto-date information
and technology are easily
available.
2.Ease availability of inputs. Due
to the nearest market.
3.Good communication facilities
may help to developed new agro-
based industry in the village.
OPPORTUNITIES
W
1.Better irrigation facility is not available.
2.Most of the farmers of the village are
marginal.
3.Agricultural produce storage facility is
not good.
WEAKNESS
S
STRENGHT
1.Near to the KVK.
2.Market facility is good and
nearer to the village.
3.Transport facility is very good.
4.Most of the farmers of the
Village are educated.
SWOC
ANALYSIS
41. Action Plan for The Village
1. Due to the availability of KVK is near to the village, a capacity building
training Centre would be made in the village for skill development of the
villagers.
2. The village have not any storage unit for storing the agricultural products of
the village. So with the help of local govt. a storage unit must be prepared.
3. Most of the crops cultivated in the villages are depends on the monsoon, so
preparation an irrigation canal will be helps in development of the entire socio-
economic condition of the village.
4. The farmers must be encouraged to visit KVKs to seek help regarding all
matters of agriculture.
42.
43. WHAT IS KVK?
KVK stands for (Krishi Vigyan Kendra) It has been functioning as
Knowledge and Resource Centre of agricultural technology supporting
initiatives of public, private and voluntary sector for improving the
agricultural economy of the district and are linking the NARS with
extension system and farmers.
First KVK Established in 1974 in Pondicherry under the recommendation of
Mohan Singh Mehta Committee constituted by ICAR. Previously KVK is
known as vocational training centre but renamed as Krishi Vigyan Kendra.
44. Mandates of KVK
The mandate of KVK is Technology Assessment and Demonstration for
its Application and Capacity Development.
Activities of KVK
On farm testing to identify the location specificity of technologies in
various farming situations.
Frontline demonstrations to establish production potentials of newly
released technologies on the farmers' field and provide feedback.
Training of farmers and farm women to update their knowledge and
skills in modern agricultural technologies and training of extension
personnel to orient them in the frontier areas of technology
development.
45. Work as resource and knowledge Centre of agricultural technology for
supporting initiatives of public, private and voluntary sector for
improving the agricultural economy of the district.
Create awareness about frontier technologies through large number of
Extension activities like farmers' fair, field day, strategic campaign, ex-
trainees meet, etc.
Production of quality seed and planting materials to make it easily
available to the farmers.
46. DETAILS ABOUT GODDA DISTRICT KVK
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Godda in Jharkhand was established at Sub-
divisional Agriculture farm near Rautara chowk in the year 2006. GVT - Krishi
Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Godda is managed by Gramin Vikas Trust and funded by
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, ICAR, New Delhi.
Head of KVK : Dr. Ravi Shanker.
49. DETAILS ABOUT KHUSHAALII FPO
Company Name KHUSHAALI FARMERS PRODUCER COMPANY
LIMITED
Registration Number 12905
Company Category Company limited by Shares
Company Sub Category Non-govt company
Class of Company Private
Date of Incorporation 02 May 2019
Age of Company 3 years, 10 month, 0 days
Activity Growing of crops; market gardening; horticulture;
Milk collection; Seed production.
50. KHUSHALII FPO COLLECT MILK FROM THE FARMERS AND TEST MILK SNF
THROUGH ITS OWN MACHINE LACTO SCANNER THAN ACCORDING TO
THE PERCENTAGE OF SNF MONEY IS DISTRIBUTED TO THE FARMER AND
THE COLLECTED MILK SELL TO THE MEDHA DAIRY
KHUSHAALII FPO CEO :- MR. PRIYABRAT JHA
FINANCED BY :- NABARD
THE KHUSHALII FPO HAS 1 CEO AND 5 DIRECTOR AND 300 FARMERS ARE
ATTACHED TO THE FPO AND TOTAL MILK COLLECTED AROUND 5
QUINTAL. THEY COLLLCET MILK 2 TIMES A DAY
51. PROCESS FLOW CHART
The milk collected
from the farmers
weighed in the
given weighing
machine.
The collected
milk sample is
filled in the small
bottles
The milk filled plastic
bottles are then
inserted into the
Lacto meter to obtain
the information of Fat
and SNF
52. PROCESS FLOW CHART
Data Processor process
the complete data of
milk
The data of Fat, SNF and Rate
of Milk is Indicated in the data
indicator.
53. BALANCE SHEET OF FPO
ASSETS AMOUNT LIABILITIES AMOUNT
CURRENT ASSETS CURRENT LIABILTIES
CASH ON HAND 25,000 LOAN TO BE PAID 1,40,000
SAVING IN BANK 1,00,000 COST OF PRODUCT 58,40,000
LIVESTOCK PRODUCT(MILK) 73,00,000 COST OF MAINTENCE 20000
VALUE OF BONDS AND SHARES 2000 OPERATING COST 6,47,300
SUB TOTAL 74,27,000 SUB TOTAL 65,16,300
INTERMIDIATE ASSETS INTERMEDIATE LIABILITIES
MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT 2,50,000 MACHINERY LOAN 60,000
DAIRY CATTLE 60,000
SUB TOTAL ,10,000 SUB TOTAL 60,000
LONG TERM ASSETS LONG TERM LIABILTIES
LAND (BOOK VALUE) 10,00,000 WORKING CAPITAL LOAN 5,00,000
FARM BUILDING 5,00,000
SUB TOTAL 15,00,000 SUB TOTAL 5,00,000
TOTAL ASSETS 92,37,000 TOTAL LIABILTIES 70,76,300
54. PROFIT STATEMENT OF KHUSAALII FPO FOR ONE YEAR
TOTAL COST MILK = 58,40,000
COST OF OPERATION = 6,40,300
COST OF MAINTENCE= 20,000
TOTAL COST = 65,00,300
TOTAL SELL OF MILK = 73,00,000
PROFIT= TOTAL PRICE OF MILK – TOTAL COST
PROFIT = 7,99,700
PROFIT % =PROFIT*100/64,90,300
PROFIT % = 12.47
56. INCOME STATEMENT OF KHUSHAALII FPO
FIXED EXPENSES OR COST
A. DEPRECIATION(AT THE RATE 7%) Rs. 112,500
B. LAND REVENUE Rs.200
C. RENTAL VALUE OF OWNED LAND Rs.15,000
D. TOTAL FIXED COST Rs.127700
NET CASH INCOME Rs.8,12,700
NET OPERATING INCOME Rs.8,62,700
NET FARM INCOME Rs.7,35,000
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES Rs.64,87,300
57. INCOME STATEMENT OF KHUSAALII FPO FOR ONE YEAR
OPERATING RATIO = TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES/ GROSS INCOME
OPERATING RATIO= 0.879
FIXED RATIO = FIXED EXPENSES / GROSS INCOME
FIXED RATIO =0.010
GROSS RATIO = TOTAL EXPENSES/ GROSS INCOME
GROSS RATIO =0.89
58. CASH FLOW OF KHUSAALII FPO FOR ONE YEAR
PARTICULARS I QUARTER II QUARTER III QUARTER IV QUARTER TOTAL
CASH RECEIPTS
CASH BALANCE 25,000 --------------- ----------------- ----------------- 25,000
TOTAL OPERATING SALES 18,00,000 18,20,000 18,40,000 18,40,000 73,00,000
BORROWING 5,00,000 --------------- ------------- ----------- 5,00,000
TOTAL 23,25,000 18,20,000 18,40,000 18,40,000 78,25,000
CASH EXPENSES
OPERATING EXPENSES 1,61,200 1,63,000 1,66,700 1,66,700 6,57,600
INSTALMENT ON
INVESTMENT LOAN
35000 35000 35000 35000 14,2000
PAYMENT TO FARMER 14,40,000 14,56,000 14,72,000 14,72,000 58,40,000
TOTAL 16,09,200 16,54,000 16,73,700 16,73,700 49,36,900
CASH BALANCE 7,15,800 1,66,000 1,66,300 1,66,300 12,14,400
59. C
1) May face difficulties in
maintaining the trust and
commitment of member
farmers, who may be
tempted to sell their milk
to other buyers offering
higher prices.
CHALLENGES
O
1. Can explore new markets
for milk and dairy
products beyond the local
area.
2. Can diversify into other
agricultural products and
services to increase
revenue.
OPPORTUNITIES
W
WEAKNESS
S
STRENGHT
1) Good road connectivity
2) Can negotiate better
prices with dairy farms
due to the collective
bargaining power of the
FPO. SWOC
ANALYSIS
1. May face competition from
other milk collection
agencies and dairy farms in
the area.
