GB785899A gasification process patent summary

* GB785899 (A)
Description: GB785899 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Arrangement for gasifying finely divided fuels which are in suspension
Description of GB785899 (A)
h, at W:io o-
PATENT SPECIFICATION s.'l 783 89 I
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification Nov II, 1955.
No 32323/55.
Application made in Germany on Nov 13, 1954.
Complete Specification Published Nov 6, 1957.
Index at Acceptance: -Class 55 ( 1), B 11.
International Classification: -C 10 j.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
ERRATA SPECIFICATION No 785,899
Page 2, line 28, for "praacticaliv" read "practically" Page 3, line
35, for " fithe" read "the" Page 3, line 40, for " an " read " the"
THE PATENT OFFICE, 1 16th December, 1957.
the gasification can be carried out in a particularly effective
manner.
British Patent 673,163 describes a gas producer for the so-called
suspension gasification with oxygen, in which the pulverous fuel comes
in contact from outside with oxygen after passing through a conveyor
worm and on entering a delivery tube, and is then carried along by the
oxygen over a comparatively long distance until they reach the
so-called gasifying heads, in which the reaction of the fuel with the
oxygen takes place Although it has been shown by use in practice that
the known arrangement does per se solve the problem of conveying a
mixture of fuel dust and highly concentrated oxygen, there are still
certain ways in which this arrangement can be improved The long
conveying path for the suspension between the mixing position proper
and the gasifying chamber cannot normally be made without curves in
practice However, at the curves or bends, a relatively high degree of
friction is positively set up between the particles of fuel and the
inside walls of the tubes, so that the latter are subject to a

comparatively high degree of wear and become worn lPrlce 3 s 6 Wi#ce 4
S 6 d course or the conveying movement Some of the fuel dust then
adheres to the moist zones of the conveyor tube, and the adhering dust
then has an increased tendency already to react inside the tube with
the oxygen.
A further difficulty which arises from the comparatively long
conveying tubes is that in order still to have a sufficiently high
flow velocity of the suspension in the gasifying head it is necessary
to select a comparatively high pressure for the oxygen on introduction
into the mixer in order to overcome the pressure loss in the conveyor
tube.
As already mentioned above, the known arrangement is quite capable of
effecting an operationally reliable conduction of a mixture of fuel
dust and highly concentrated oxygen over a comparatively long path of
travel However, in such a case, certain demands are placed on the
operating personnel or the automatic control systems.
The present invention has for its object to overcome the
aforementioned insufficiencies of the known arrangement.
According to the invention, the arrangement for gasifying finely
divided fuels in suspension with oxygen is arranged in such manner
that 8 C 9 C PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification Nov 11, 1955.
No, 32323/55.
Application made in Germany on Nov 13,1954.
Index at Acceptance: -Class 55 ( 1), B 110 International
Classification: -Cl Oj.
Arrangement for Gasifying Finely Divided Fuels which are in Suspension
We, HEINR Ic K KOPPERS, G M B H, of Moltkestrasse 29, Essen, Germany,
a joint stock company organised and existing under the laws of the
German Federal Republic do hereby declare the invention, for which we
pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is
to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
The present invention relates to the gasification of finely divided
fuels in suspension with oxygen and perhaps endothermically reacting
gasifying agents, a homogeneous mixture of fuel and oxygen being
injected into a reaction chamber which is at elevated temperature and
being gasified therein with formation of a gas rich in hydrogen and
carbon monoxide.
The present invention is more especially concerned with an arrangement
with which the preparation of the fuel-oxygen suspension for the
gasification can be carried out in a particularly effective manner.

British Patent 673,163 describes a gas producer for the so-called
suspension gasification with oxygen, in which the pulverous fuel comes
in contact from outside with oxygen after passing through a conveyor
worm and on entering a delivery tube, and is then carried along by the
oxygen over a comparatively long distance until they reach the
so-called gasifying heads, in which the reaction of the fuel with the
oxygen takes place Although it has been shown by use in practice that
the known arrangement does per se solve the problem of conveying a
mixture of fuel dust and highly concentrated oxygen, there are still
certain ways in which this arrangement can be improved The long
conveying path for the suspension between the mixing position proper
and the gasifying chamber cannot normally be made without curves in
practice However, at the curves or bends, a relatively high degree of
friction is positively set up between the particles of fuel and the
inside wvalls of the tubes, so that the latter are subject to a
comparatively high degree of wear and become worn lPrice 3 s6 b V
irregularly from inside In addition, the conveying of a suspension of
fuel dust and highly concentrated oxygen through a comparatively long
tube is only possible without operational difficulties as long as no
places of increased fuel concentrations are set up or exist in the
conveyor tube More especially in such a case a reaction between oxygen
and fuel dust is always already set up if particles of fuel are
deposited in appreciable amounts on the walls and then no longer
participate in the general movement Such a settling of fuel on the
inside walls of the conveyor tube can occur under certain
circumstances if, due to inattention on the part of the operating
personnel, the temperature of the oxygen, which is normally saturated
with water vapour, is not at a sufficiently high temperature, so that
a partial condensation of the water vapour can occur in the course of
the conveying movement Some of the fuel dust then adheres to the moist
zones of the conveyor tube, and the adhering dust then has an
increased tendency already to react inside the tube with the oxygen.
A further difficulty which arises from the comparatively long
conveying tubes is that in order still to have a sufficiently hiph
flow velocity of the suspension in the gasifying head it is necessary
to select a comparatively high pressure for the oxygen on introduction
into the mixer in order to overcome the pressure loss in the conveyor
tube.
As already mentioned above, the known arrangement is quite capable of
effecting an operationally reliable conduction of a mixture of fuel
dust and highly concentrated oxygen over a comparatively long path of
travel However, in such a case, certain demands are placed on the
operating personnel or the automatic control systems.
The present invention has for its object to overcome the

aforementioned insufficiencies of the known arrangement.
According to the invention, the arrangement for gasifying finely
divided fuels in suspension with oxygen is arranged in such manner
that " 899 785,899 the fuel is conveyed by means of a conveyor worm
arranged in the immediate vicinity of the gasifying chamber into a
compression chamber terminating in an annular slot and the oxygen is
conducted through the hollow shaft of the conveyor worm to the inner
rim of the annular slot at such a velocity that the plug of fuel being
formed in the annular slot is constantly broken up from inside and
that a comparatively short mixing section is Drovided between the
annular slot and the gasifying chamber, the homogenisation of the
fueloxygen suspension being completed in the said section.
If the gasifying device is constructed in the manner according to the
invention, the aforementioned insufficiencies of the known gasifying
arrangement are overcome The conveying of the fuel-oxygen suspension
now only takes place through a comparatively short section which
moreover, does not contain any bends, so that per se a considerably
smaller degree of wear is produced on the material of the wall forming
the mixing section Furthermore, owing to the comparatively small
dimensions of this mixing section, the latter can be made of a
wear-resisting steel, thereby ensuring praactically unlimited
durability The danger of condensation of water vapour from the
saturated oxygen no longer exists in this short mixing section,
because the temperature of the walls of the said mixing section can
easily be maintained higher than the saturation temperature of the
oxygen, which is normally not higher than 50 ', particularly if, in
accordance with a further feature of the invention, the walls of the
mixing section are made as a water-cooled double jacket and provision
is made that the temperature of the wall does not fall below about 50
In this way, the danger of striking back is completely avoided in
practice The feeding of the oxygen through the hollow worm shaft can
be effected, when the shaft and cavity are given suitable dimensions,
in such manner that there is only an unimportant loss of oxygen
pressure on the section between the oxygen compressor and the annular
gap Depending on the construction of the worm shaft, it is possible in
certain cases to manage with an oxygen pressure which is 50 % lower
than that formerly used This fact is of essential importance as
regards the dimensions and the method of operating the oxygen
compressor.
When using the arrangement according to the invention, there was
surprisin 7 lv observed yet another advantageous effect which
initially was not to be expected When blowing a fueloxygen suspension
which has already been conducted a relatively long distance through a
conveyor pipe, in the hitherto usual manner, a comparatively long

flame is formed in the gasifying chamber, this flame being darker in
the core than in the marginal portions and showing externally quite a
bright fringe In addition to the combustion of the fuel with oxygen in
the region of this bright fringe, there obviously also takes place a
combustion of some of the already produced useful gas with the oxygen.
The reactions between fuel dust and oxygen 70 are therefore obviously
not uniformly distributed through the cross-section of the flame.
However, if the blower device for the suspension is constructed
according to the invention, a short bushy flame is formed in the
reaction 75 chamber, which flame does not comprise the aforementioned
bright fringes and the core of which is just as bright as the marginal
portions In this case, there is clearly a relatively uniform
distribution of the intended reactions 80 of the entire cross-section
of the flame Moreover, the shorter flame produces a stronger heat
concentration, which is of importance for the formation of as much
carbon monoxide as possible and as little carbon dioxide as pos 85
sible The basis of this phenomenon is to be seen in the fact that the
central blower device according to the invention leads to a more
uniform suspension, but that at the same time a somewhat higher oxygen
concentration 90 obtains in the core of the flame than at the marginal
portions, so that no oxygen is available for the undesired combustion
of the useful gas produced It could also be established that the
firing of the injected mixture takes 95 place more readily and more
reliably when using the arrangement according to the invention.
According to a further feature of the invention it is advantageous to
make the free cross 100 section of the annular slot adjustable, for
example, by the conveyor worm being arranged to be displaceable
longitudinally.
Furthermore, it is advantageous for the endothermally reacting
gasifying media, for 105 example, pre-heated steam, to be injected
into the reaction chamber in such manner that the useful gas already
formed in the reaction chamber is screened thereby against the
reaction with oxygen This is preferably achieved by 110 the injection
nozzle for the steam also being made of annular form and imparting to
the steam such a direction of flow that this encloses the central
flame.
One constructional example of the arrange 115 ment according to the
invention is shown diagrammatically in the figure of the accompanying
drawing.
In the figure, 10 represents the reaction chamber which is surrounded
by refractory 12 C walls 12 Connected to the reaction chamber is a
blower device 14, which advantageously can be attached and removed as
a self-contained unit The blower device consists of a conveyor worm
16, which has a hollow shaft 12 ' 18 through which the oxygen is

conducted.
The hollow shaft of the worm terminates towards the reaction chamber
as a conical section 20, which forms an annular slot 24 in conjunction
with the wall 22 of the worm hous 131 785,899 ing, this wall also
extending conically at this point The conveying velocity of the worm
16 and the free cross-section of the annular slot 24 are so adapted to
one another that a certain compression of the fuel takes place in the
annular slot, this compression preventing rearward passage of oxygen
At the same time, however, the compression is also limited in such
manner that it is possible for the plug consisting of compressed fuel
at the inner rim 26 of the annular slot to be constantly broken up by
the oxygen flowing forwardly through the hollow shaft of the worm
After the mixing has taken place, the fuel-oxygen mixture passes into
the mixing section 28, in which is effected a certain further
improvement in the homogeneous character of the suspension, but at the
same time a somewhat higher oxygen concentration obtains in the
vicinity of the axis of the mixing section than towards the edge The
suspension then passes into the reaction chamber 10, where it is
ignited owing to the high temperatures obtaining therein, thereby
forming a short bushy flame 30, although the full length thereof is
not shown in the drawing.
The walls of the mixing section 28 are formed by a water-cooled jacket
32 The water enters this jacket by way of the pipe 34 and leaves it
again by way of the pipe 36 That side of the blower device which faces
the gasifying chamber also advantageously consists of a water-cooled
jacket 38, to which cooling water is supplied through the pipe 40 and
leaves the jacket again through fithe pipe 42 At the boundary surfaces
of the cooling jackets 32 and 38 which face one another, the said
jackets are so arranged that they form an annular nozzle 44 through
which steam is injected into the reaction chamber The slope of an
annular nozzle 44 in relation to the mean axis of the blower device is
so arranged that the steam surrounds the flame 30 with a closed
envelope and in this way and under all circumstances prevents a
reaction between oxygen and the gas which is produced, where this is
at all still possible.
The arrangement according to the invention is primarily suitable for
the blowing of a pulverous fuel with, for example highly concen 50
trated oxygen in a particularly advantageous manner.
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* GB785900 (A)
Description: GB785900 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Improvements in or relating to high speed water-craft
PATENT SPECIFICATION
7859900 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification Nov 25,
1955.
No 33863/55.
Application mode in Germany on Nov 25, 1954.
Index at acceptance: -Classes 113, A 8 F; and 114, 16.
International Classification: -B 63 b, h.
Improvements in or relating to High Speed Water-Craft I, FRIEDRICH
HERMANN WENDEL, of German Nationality, of Kielerstr 189,
Hamburg-Stellingen, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for
which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by
which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by
the following statement: This invention relates to high-speed water
craft and is mare particularly concerned with craft, the hulls of
which are hydrodynamically lifted out of the water by means of
elongated elements fitted to the hull.
According to the present invention, there is provided a high-speed
water craft comprising a hull, at least two legs depending from the
hull, said two legs being side-by-side, one on the port side of the
hull and the other on the starboard side, an elongated body carried on
the lower end of each leg, each such body being elongated in the same
direction as the length of said hull and being shaped to produce a
hydrodynamic lifting force on the hull when the craft is propelled,
driving means for propelling the craft, the driving means being
carried by said bodies, a power plant carried by the hull and
connected to operate said driving means, hydrofoils extending in a

port to starboard direction, each hydrofoil being connected at one end
thereof to one of said bodies, at least some of the hydrofoils being
pivotable about axes which extend in a port to starboard direction,
and control means for turning the pivotable hydrofoils about their
axes, the arrangement being such that when the craft is propelled the
hydrofoils and said bodies exert an upthrust on the hull, which
upthrust can be varied by turning the pivotable hydrofoils about their
port to starboard pivotal axes.
For a better understanding of the invention and to show how the same
may be carried into effect, reference will now be made to the
accompanying drawings, in which: Figures 1 to 4 illustrate four
embodiments of a high-speed water-craft, the water-craft being shown
as if it were in motion in each figure; lPrice 3 s 6 d l Figure 5 is a
front view of Figure 1; Figure 6 is a front view of Figures 2 to 4;
Figure 7 is a side elevation, to a larger scale, of a detail of the
embodiment shown in Figure 1; Figure 8 is a plan view of a part
section taken along the line VIII-VIII of Figures 1 and 7; Figure 9 is
a plan view, to a larger scale, of a part section taken along the line
IX-IX of Figure 1; Figure 10 is a part cross section of a modified
form of the detail shown in Figure 9, and Figure 11 is a plan view, to
an enlarged scale, of a part section taken along the line XI-XI of
Figures 3 and 4.
Referring to Figure 1, 1 designates the streamlined hull of the high
speed craft A power plant 2 is installed in the hull 1, the power
plant 2 supplies the driving power for the driving means required for
propelling and steering the craft The power plant 2 which is
schematically indicated in Figure 1 is a diesel engine In the case of
large high speed c-raft it is preferable to use diesel-electric,
turboelectric or high-pressure steam plants The hull 1 is provided
with three hollow supporting legs, likewise streamlined, there being
two such supporting legs 3 provided at the bow, one on the port side
and the other on the starboard side of the hull The third leg 4 is
arranged in the central longitudinal axis of the hull, adjacent the
stern thereof A horizontally arranged elongated body 5 is fitted to
the lower end of each leg 3, 4 The elongated bodies 5 are streamlined
and are so designed that they ensure, on account of their elongated
shape, a good and satisfactory running trim below the water's surface
The dimensions of the bodies 5 are so selected that the necessary
driving means, gears and other elements required for propelling and
controlling the craft may be accommodated within the bodies 5 Two
hydrofoils 6 are pivotally mounted upon each body 5 The hydrofoils 6
are controlled from the bridge in the hull 1 and are positioned to the
port and to the star, board direction of the longitudinal axes of the
bodies 5, there being a hydrofoil 6 extending horizontally from each

side of each body 5.
The controllable hydrofoils 6 can be positioned, as required, by
pivoting them wit'll their entire surface with respect to the
elongated body 5, around a horizontal axis 13.
The control gear for the hydrofoils 6 is actuated from the bridge in
the hull 1, and is schematically represented as a toothed-wheel gear
14 and/or as a lever system 7 by means of which the hydrofoils 6 may
be turned within an angle of incidence I (marked in Figure 7) around
their horizontal axis 13.
Every elongated body 5 is fitted with means for propelling the high
speed craft, e g a propeller 8 driven from the power plant 2 by way of
schematically represented shafts, gears, couplings 9, 10, 11 The
elongated bodies 5 at the bow of the vessel are firmly attached to
their supporting legs 3, whereas the rear elongated body 5 is
pivotally mounted upon a vertical shaft 12 provided in the rear
supporting leg 4 The pivotal mounting of the rear elongated body
permits a change of direction of the craft by way of the slip stream
of the propeller (Figure 7), by turning the rear elongated body 5
either way within an angle of about 900 (as shown in Figure 8).
From Figures 1 to 4 it may easily be seen that the hull 1 is entirely
lifted out of the water and is supported by the hydrofoils 6 gliding
through the water The height of the hull 1 above the surface of the
water may be adjusted by regulating the number of revolutions of the
driving propellers 8, or, in other words, by the speed of the craft,
and by a variation of the angle of incidence of the submerged
hydrofoils Likewise any lateral heeling of the craft caused by wind or
weight displacements within the hull may be compensated for by an
adequate positioning of the controllable hydrofoils Thus the high
speed craft is not influenced by the motion of the water's surface,
even if rough seas should prevail While at rest the high speed craft
is submerged like any other craft of common design with its hull 1
down to its water line.
The elongated bodies 5 are so designed that they create an additional
hydrodynamic lift.
To achieve this additional lift, the bottom surfaces 15 of the
elongated bodies 5 rise gradually towards the front end of said
bodies, at a suitable angle of incidence as is shown in Figure 7 On
account of this shaping of the surfaces 15 the bottom surfaces of the
bodies are given the properties of a longitudinal hydroynamic lifting
surface.
The propellers 8 and the control gear elements 14 or 7 for actuating
the hydrofoils 6 are driven from electric motors 17 and 18 to which
electric power is fed via cables led through the legs 3 and 4 from the
power plant 2 A vertical fin 16 is provided at the bottom 15 of the

elongated body 5, the fin 16 (Figure 7) serving as protection for the
propeller, and is a docking keel.
Should three supporting legs prove insufficient in number for stress
and strength factor considerations in view of the size of the pro 71
jected craft it is possible to fit the hull with four or five
supporting legs.
The embodiment shown in Figures 2 and 6 is a high speed craft designed
for very high speeds For this design the length of the elon 7:
gated bodies must be approximately equivalent to 70 %X/ of the (total)
length of the craft.
In this case the elongated bodies 5 are designed with longitudinal
hydrodynamic lifting surfaces similar to those described above 81 in
connection with Figures 1 and 7 One such elongated body S having a
longitudinal hydrodynamic lifting surface is arranged on the port side
and one on the starboard side of the hull, each elongatel body 5 being
con & nected with the hull by means of a hollow supporting leg 3
underneath the centre of gravity of the hull.
Should one supporting leg each on the port and starboard side of the
hull of large cratt 91 prove insufficient for stress and strength
factor consideration it is of course possible to provide for several
such supporting legs on the port and starboard side, respectively, as
is shown in Figure 3 9 The long submerged bodies 5 (Figures 2 and 3)
have, exactly as has been the case with the shorter elongated bodies 5
(Figure 1), a bottom surface 15 gradually rising towards the front end
of the submerged elongated body i O (Figure 7).
The embodiment shown in Figure 4 differs from those of Figures 2 and 3
merely in that the two elongated bodies 5 merge in their forward part
with the supporting legs 3, so that 10 the elongated bodies 5 and the
supporting legs 3 form an integral structural member in their forward
part In this manner the elongated bodies are prevented from nosing
down for any cause whatever Short controllable trans 11 versal
hydrofoils 19 are provided on the elongated bodies both in front and
in the rear (Figures 2, 3 and 4) The hydrofoils 19 are designed and
arranged in a manner similar to that selected for the hydrofoils 6
shown in 11 Figures 1, 7 and 8 These transversal hydrofoils 19 serve
to regulate the (running) height of the hull above water and to
correct any heeling of the craft To make possible a satisfactory
steering, rudders 20 are provided 12 at the sterns of the longer
elongated bodies 5 behind the propellers 8.
The power plants 2 are located inside the hull 1 and transmit
electrical power to the propelling and controlling means through the
12 supporting legs in a manner similar to that described in connection
with Figure 1.
Referring now to Figure 10, which illustrates an elongated body 5 that

differs from that shown in Figure 9, in that the right hydro 13 785,9
( O able hydrofoils about their port to starboard pivotal axes.
2 A high-speed water craft as claimed in 55
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* GB785901 (A)
Description: GB785901 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Improvements in or relating to refrigerator cabinets
785,901 Date of application and filing Complete Specification: Nov 29,
1955.
No 34132155.
1, />/ j Application made in Norway on Nov 30, 1954.
%,, MTIF Application made in Denmark on March 31, 1955 Complete
Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 29, H 2 (A: IG: H), H 6; 52 ( 1), C 4 B(
7: 16); and 137, B(IC: 2 C: 3 D)0 International Classification:-A 47 b
F 24 f F 25 d.
Improvements in or relating to Refrigerator Cabinets I, GREGERS KURE,
of Norwegian National syphon current system is rather short.
ity, of Setraveien 8, Oslo, Norway, do here It is the object of the
present invention to by declare the invention, for which I pray
provide a convenient ventilation of the storthat a patent may be
granted to me, and the age compartment located under the refrig 50
method by which it is to be performed, to be erator cabinet and at the
same time to render particularly described in and by the follow the

above mentioned air passages immediing statement: ately over and under
the cabinet superfluous,
The present invention relates to a refrig and according to the
invention this is oberator cabinet comprising a cupboard or tained by
arranging the heat emitting parts 55 cupboard section of the type
having a rear of the absorption refrigerating system in an wall
reaching substantially from the floor to air duct extending vertically
at the rear of the ceiling of a room in which cupboard, at the
cupboard and communicating at its a certain height above the floor is
incorpora lower end with an air outlet from the storage ted an
absorption refrigerator, the space be compartment, and at its, upper
end with the 60 tween the bottom of the refrigerator and the ambient
air; air inlets to the storage cornfloor being used as a storage
compartment partment also being provided so that a It is previously
known to mount common thermo-syphonic circulation of air is
obhousehold refrigerator cabinets in a cup tained through the storage
compartment and board in such a way that the refrigerator is the duct
65 located at convenient height above the floor, To give a better
understanding of the the cupboard arrangement simultaneously present
invention it is schematically shown providing the necessary passages
for air cir in the accompanying drawing where:culation for cooling the
heat emitting parts Fig 1 shows a section through a refrigerof the
absorption refrigerator Most of such ator cabinet arrangement
according to the 70 household refrigerators have been of the ab
invention.
sorption type which inter aim is character Fig 2 shows a somewhat
modified emized by a relatively large consumption of bodiment.
electric energy which results in that the heat As shown in Fig 1 the
cupboard arrangegiven off requires relatively large ventilation ment
according to the invention is such that 75 passages for its
circulation the relatively cold air may flow in at A or B Until now
the most commonly used ar arbitrarily, flow through the lower part of
the rangement for such ventilation cupboards storage compartment C,
cool the heat emithas been a horizontal, relatively high air pas ting
parts of the absorption system behind sage ( 10-15 cm) located under
and over the the refricerator cabinet H, flow further up 80
refrigerator cabinet and extending across its through the ventilating
shaft D which may entire depth and width so that a draught is be made
narrow to obtain an enhanced obtained by means of the thermosyphon
tliermosyphon action and finally may disaction, the heated air around
the heat emit charge through the outlet openings E or F.
toc parts located behind the cabinet rising By this solution the
compartment C will 85 and flowing out tbrough the above men be very
well suited for storage of food for tioned horizontal upper air

passage, cold air which the refrigerator cabinet of itself is unat the
same time being sucked in through the suitable, adequate ventilation
as well as relower passage frigeration being required.
The reason for the said horizontal air pas The air circulation
arrangement whereby 90 sages being given a relatively great cross sec
cold or fresh air flows through the opening tion is that the vertical
part of the thermo B in the exterior wall into the compartment lprice
C up behind the cabinet and out through the exterior wall at E or
through F, gives the best cooling and ventilation for the compartment
C while at the same time the heat emitting parts will work under the
most favourable conditions.
In addition the air sucked in at A and leaving at E gives the best
ventilation for the kitchen itself.
Air inlet at A and outlet at F gives the poorest result but if the
ventilation in the Xkitchen is favourable such arrangement may give
good results in that the ventilation air of the present arrangement
after being sucked in as cold floor air at A is heated when it flows
out at F and from there will be distributed under the ceiling and
easily may find its way out through a correctly located ventilating
outlet arrangement on a convenient place in the exterior wall of the
kitchen.
This opens the possibilities of having the cupboard not necessarily
arranged at an exterior wall for the sake of ventilation which fact
gives the architect greater possibilities of finding new and good
designs for kitchens.
The refrigerating system will even in the = least favourable
alternative work under substantially better conditions than by
arrangements used up to now.
Which of the above mentioned alternatives one ought to choose is
contingent upon the local conditions in each case, but all
alternatives are as it appears, based upon the use of the thermosyphon
action, known per se, to provide a better air circulation in such a
cupboard arrangement as above described, at the same time giving the
heat-emitting parts themselves a better efficiency The last mentioned
advantage may be utilized by reducing the size of a given cooling
apparatus.
If a certain ventilation of the compartment G also is desirable, this
may be obtained by an arrangement as indicated in the drawing at J, by
forming one or more ejector like slots over a greater or smaller part
of the width of the compartment Air may be sucked into the compartment
G through convenient openings K in the door.
If desirable the air sucked into the compartment may be let in at a
somewhat higher level, e g at L instead Qf at the bottom of the
cupboard This may perhaps be appropriate if it is desirable that the

lower Part of the compartment preferably is uninfluenced by the
draught.
Whether the air is let in at A, B or L it may further be appropriate
to arrange a dust filter in the inlet opening used Said filter ought
to be of the electrostatic type made e g.
of polyethylene which possesses the property that at such air velocity
as is characterizing the described system of ventilation the filter is
charged so that it has good possibilities of retaining the dust which
may be entrained with the air.
In Fig 1 in dotted lines is indicated an arrangement of such an
electrostatic dust filter Ft under the bottom of the compartment C.
Fig 2 shows a modification of the invention The filter Ft' is here
arranged vertic 70 ally in the duct which by means of a flap or slide
valve S arbitrarily may be connected with ventilation air let in at A
or B The flap S extends over the entire width of the cupboard and is
arched and may be moved by 75 means of a pull rod T The arched form of
the flap has for its object to give a favourable distribution of the
air flowing in from the usually quadrangular opening B in the interior
wall and guide the air up into the 80 narrow rectangular vertical
ventilating passage When set as shown in Fig 2 air is let in only from
the surrounding atmosphere.
With dotted lines is indicated the flap when air is let in only from A
At an intermediate 85 position of the flap air may be let in from B as
well as from A For all adjustments of the flap S the air will have to
pass the filter Ft 1.
An arched flap arrangement similar to 90 that described above may be
provided at the branching of the ventilating shaft D to the outlet
passages F and E.
As appears from what above is set forth the invention may be utilized
in different 95 ways Common to them all is, however, that the
thermosyphon action produced by the heat emitting parts of the
refrigerator is used for ventilation of the compartment located under
the refrigerator cabinet, which com 100 partment preferably is used as
food storage compartment By the arrangement tne Kitchen also may have
a better ventilation.
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p

* GB785902 (A)
Description: GB785902 (A) ? 1957-11-06
A new or improved appliance for cleaning slatted structures and in
particular venetian blinds
785,902 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification Dec 7,
1955.
No 35158155.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 19, C, D 1, E.
International Classification: -A 471.
A new or improved Appliance for Cleaning Slatted Structures and in
particular Venetian Blinds I, JEAN CHARLES DELACRETAZ, a Swiss
Citizen, of 26, Roosevelt Street, North Coburg, N 13, Victoria,
Australia, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a
patent may be granted to me and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: This invention concerns a new or improved appliance for
cleaning slatted structures and in Particular venetian blinds.
Although venetian blinds are widely employed by many interior
decorators in lieu of the more standard form of curtain, the
substitution has occasioned numerous problems in maintenance
Deterioration of finish has been largely overcome by the use of new
lacquers and enamels applied to an aluminium or steel base The use of
metal slats has also eliminated breakage and warpage Newer synthetic
textiles have provided more durable tapes and control cords Cleaning
of the venetian blinds has, however, remained a difficult and time
consuming task.
Various suggestions have been advanced for expeditious handling of
this cleaning operation but none has been entirely satisfactory even
for the wiping of a single surface of a single blind slat Attempts to
improvise devices which could handle a plurality of slats
simultaneously have met with still less success.

An object of this invention is to provide a cleaning appliance adapted
for direct application to slatted structures and in particular
venetian blinds without their disassembly from their normal Position
or blind assembly.
A further object of the invention is to provide an appliance of this
kind which is adapted effectively to clean simultaneously opposed
sides of a blind slat A still further object of the invention is to
provide an appliance which will effectively clean both sides of a
plurality of blind slats simultaneously, whilst a further object of
the invention is to provide an appliance which will adjust itself to
the lPaine 3 s 6 d l varying cross-sectional configurations of the
slats of different structures.
According to this invention there is provided an appliance for
cleaning slatted structures and in particular venetian blinds, such
appliance comprising a handle from which extend two or more prongs or
fingers arranged in spaced relationship and each of which carries, and
is at least partially covered by, a resilient, shapen porous wiping
element, said elements being so constructed, shapened and arranged on
said prongs or fingers that they can be introduced between the slats
to be cleaned with one slat located and resiliently gripped between
adjacent surfaces of the or each pair of adjoining wiping elements, so
that, as the appliance is moved along the lengths of the slats, the
said elements will clean the surfaces of the slat or slats located
therebetween.
According to a further aspect of this invention, there is provided an
appliance for cleaning slatted structures and in particular venetian
blinds, such appliance comprising a handle from which extend two or
more prongs or fingers arranged in substantially fixed spaced
relationship in a common plane and each of which carries a spongeous
wiping element which is resiliently deformable at least in the
direction of the said common plane, the arrangement of the said
elements on the said prongs or fingers being such that they can be
introduced between the slats to be cleaned with one slat located and
resiliently gripped between adjacent surfaces of the or each pair of
adjoining wiping elements, so that, as the appliance is moved along
the lengths of the slats, the said elements will clean the surfaces of
the slat or slats located therebetween.
According to further features of the invention, the said prongs or
fingers on said handle may be arranged substantially parallel in a or
the common plane and the said wiping elements, which may be formed of,
for example, sponge rubber, cellular plastics material, cellulosic
sponge material or the like of such resiliency as to permit them
readily to conform to the opposed slat surfaces engaged between them,
may be of fiat rectangular cross-sectional form and have their wider

or major surfaces arranged in planes substantially perpendicular to
the direction of movement of the appliance during a slat cleaning
operation.
In order that the invention may be more readily understood and further
features of the same readily appreciated, one embodiment thereof will
now be described, by way of example, with reference to the
accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a front elevation of an
appliance constructed in accordance with this invention for cleaning
the slats of a venetian blind.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the appliance shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional elevation through one of the
wiping elements of the appliance and showing the manner of its
attachment to the handle of the appliance.
Figure 4 is a detailed view of one of the prongs of the handle of the
appliance, and Figure 5 is a perspective view showing the manner of
using the appliance illustrated in Figures 1 to 4.
Referring to the drawings, it will be seen that the appliance
illustrated comprises, briefly stated, a plurality of shapen spongeous
wiping elements 6 mounted in spaced parallel relationship upon a
handled fork or rack constructed for ready manipulation and for the
easy insertion of the wiping elements between a series of blind slats,
the wiping elements being of such shape, resiliency and consistency as
to permit of them readily conforming to the opposed slatted surfaces
with which they are engaged, thereby to permit of the thorough
cleansing of these surfaces by the wiping elements.
More particularly, the appliance comprises a body 1 formed of a
suitable material such as moulded synthetic resin plastics, moulded
hard rubber, or pressed or cast sheet metal, such body having a
central handle 2 and a plurality of prongs or fingers 3 arranged in
regularly spaced substantially parallel relationship and projecting
from the wider end of handle 2 The body 1 (inclusive of the handle 2
and the prongs or fingers 3) is of uniplanar form with the exception
of ribbing or beading 4 provided along the perimeter or parts of the
perimeter thereof to impart greater strength and rigidity to the body.
Each of the prongs 3 terminates in a cross head 5 which extends in the
plane of the prong or finger slightly beyond the longitudinal edges of
the latter and serves to retain or assist in retaining the wiping
element (subsequently referred to) from accidental withdrawal from the
prong or finger; moreover a face or faces of each prong or finger is
or are roughened to improve the grip of the prong or finger upon such
wiping element.
On each prong or finger 3 is mounted a shapen wiping element 6 Each of
these wiping elements is formed of spongeous 70 material such as latex
sponge rubber, cellular synthetic plastics material, cellulosic sponge

material, or the like and, although the wiping elements 6 may each be
formed in one piece and either moulded onto its prong or fingei 75 3
or provided with a pocket and subsequently applied to the prong or
finger, it is conveniently formed of complementary sections or parts
of sponge material cut from a sheet and secured to one another by a
suitable adhesive 80 or cement, one on each side of each of the prongs
3 Even where the wiping elements are unitarily formed, e g, as unitary
pocketed pads or blocks, for mounting over the prongs or fingers, an
adhesive binder will preferably 85 be employed to retain or assist in
retaining the elements in place on the prongs or fingers.
As well as assisting in retaining the wiping elements 6 against
endwise withdrawal from the prongs or fingers 3, the cross heads 5 90
assist in preventing rotation of the elements about their prongs or
fingers 6, this also being assisted by making the prongs or fingers of
a flat cross-sectional form.
The wiping elements 6 are of very approxi 95 mately rectangular block
form of uniform thickness i e, the dimension seen in Figure 2.
The wiping elements are also of flat rectangular shape in
cross-section as will be apparent from a consideration of Figures 1, 2
and 3 100 The width of each element 6 (i e the transverse dimension
seen in Figure 1) will be slightly greater than the standardised
spacing between the slats of the conventional venetian blind (which
the appliance is designed 105 to clean) in order that positive
pressure will be exerted by the wiping elements against the surfaces
of the slats when the appliance is in use.
The length of each wiping element 6 is pre 110 ferably greater than
the front to rear widths of the slats of the conventional venetian
blind in order to ensure complete coverage of the slat surfaces during
the wiping operation.
Moreover, the dimensions of the elements are 115 so chosen as to
facilitate the manipulation of the same around the control cords,
tapes and cradle supports of the venetian blinds.
The precise dimensions of the wiping elements may, of course, vary to
suit different 120 makes of venetian blind, but they are preferably
chosen so as to be universally applicable to venetian blinds as they
are at present constructed and marketed by various companies Very
conveniently, the wiping 125 elements are about 2-" long; of an
average width of about 18 " and about 4 thick at the centre of their
widths, the elements being slightly thinner at their longitudinal
edges due to the fact that complementary sections 130 785,902 785,902
or parts of the elements bend very slightly around the prongs or
fingers 3 The spacing of the said prongs or fingers is conveniently 1
k" centre to centre.
The slat engaging surfaces 7 and 8 of the wiping elements 6 are

preferably complementarily slightly longitudinally curved to conform
to the arcuate surface shapes of the conventional or modem venetian
blind slats and, although the said surfaces curve in one direction
only in the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, it will
be understood that these surffaces cif the wiping elements could
include a reverse curvature, if desired, to suit the more recently
manufactured venetian blinds employing transversely doubly curved
slats.
The formation of the wiping elements with longitudinally curved slat
engaging surfaces does not, however, preclude the use of the appliance
for cleaning blinds having slats of flat cross-section, since the
inherent resiliency of the spongeous wiping elements 6 enables them to
conform to slats of a variety of different shapes.
Preferably, the adjacent slat engaging surfaces of the wiping elements
6 are very slightly spaced to provide gaps 9 to facilitate the
reception of blind slats between the wiping elements This spacing
between the wiping elements is obtained through proper correlation of
the size of the elements, their configuration, and their disposal upon
the prongs or fingers 3 of the appliance which are, of course, also
suitably spaced The gaps 9 are, however, insufficient to prevent the
elements resiliently engaging the slat surfaces for simultaneously
cleaning both sides thereof as the appliance is moved along the slats.
One or each of each pair of adjacent leading edges or corners of
adjoining wiping elements 6 is chamfered or cut away at 10 to provide
flared leads-in or guides for simplifying the proper positioning of
the appliance upon the slats and the engagement of the latter between
the wiping elements 6.
As will be clearly seen from Figure 5, the slat cleaning appliance
described above is used by positioning the appliance with its body 1
in a substantially vertical plane perpendicular to the vertical plane
containing the front edges of the slats of the venetian blind, by then
registering the flared leads-in 10 to the gaps 9 between the wiping
elements with the front edges of the chosen slats, and by then pushing
the appliance rearwardly in its own plane so as to cause the slats to
pass into the gaps 9 between the wiping elements When the slats have
thus been accommodated fully between the wiping elements 6, the
appliance is moved bodily backwards and forwards along the slats
thereby to clean the surfaces thereof simultaneously on both sides in
the case of the slats engaged between adjoining wiping elements The
resiliency of the spongeous wiping elements 6 ensures full contact of
the elements over the surface of the slats regardless of the
configuration of the latter and also ensures automatic compensation
for any sur 70 face irregularities in the slats, thus avoiding streaks
or missed and uncleaned areas.

The slat engaging surfaces of the wiping element 6 collect and retain
dust and dirt particles very efficiently and these elements may 75 be
used dry or for the purpose of applying liquid detergent or other
cleaning agents to the slat surfaces when a more thorough cleansing is
desired, and thereafter, may be used for drying and polishing the
cleaned surfaces 80 The wiping elements may be quickly and completely
cleaned by simple immersion in soap and water or synthetic detergent,
slight agitation therein, and subsequent rinsing.
Upon the wiping elements being pressed or 85 squeezed dry, the
appliance is again ready for use; it can can be hung up upon a hook or
nail passed through a hole 11 provided in the handle 2.
Although the above described embodiment 90 of the invention
illustrates an appliance particularly suitable for use with a venetian
blind, it should be understood that other forms of appliances
constructed for use with other slatted structures are included within
the scope 95 of the invention.
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* GB785903 (A)
Description: GB785903 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Electric circuit closing device, especially for use in the testing of
switches
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
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FR1138144 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
COA{PLETE SPECI,FICATION
Electric Circuit Closing Device, especially for use in the Testing
of Switches
We ALLMINNA SVENS1A ELEI(TRISIZA
AKTIEBOLAGET, a Swedish Company, of
Vasteras, Sweden, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to
be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:
In short-circuiting testing of electrical switches and other similar
apparatus it is often of great importance that the test circuit is
closed with great accuracy at the intended moment of closing. Ibis is
especially applicable when testing polyphase switches, where usually
it is necessary for the circuits of the different phases to be closed
absolutely simultaneously with a deviation of, at the most, a few
electrical degrees. In other cases it may be necessary, in order to
carry ouz a certain test, for the circuits of the different phases to
be closed at different instants of time. In such cases the relation
between the closing times has to be determined in advance with great
accuracy.
Hitherto used arrangements for carrying out short-circuiting tests
have employed switches which were released by some mechanical
arrangement, e.g. blocking hooks or the like, and the contacts usually
were arranged in the open air. Switches have been used, however,
having theft contacts arranged in oil or in a compartment filled with
compressed air, in order to decrease by this arrangement the length of
the closing arc.
The present invention relates to a circuit dosing device for
short-circuiting tests with switches and other similar tests, which
comprises one or more movable contacts which are brought into
engagement with one or more stationary contacts by compressed air. The
in vention is characterised in that on the occasion of closing the
device the movable contact is, or the movable contacts are, operated
Iby a piston movable in a cylinder which imtnedi- ately before closing
is subjected to an unbalanced air pressure in closing direction but is

held in open position by a holding magnet until the latter is
demiagnetised Iby a releasing impulse. With this arrangement the
operating piston for the movable contact or contacts is influenced by
the complete air pressure from the beginning of the release. As a
result a practically constant acceleration of the movable contact or
contacts of the device is obtained and thus the closing moment of the
device can be determined with great precision.
Two embodiments of circuit closing devices in accordance with the
invention will now Ibe described with reference to the accompanying
drawing, in which
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of one embodiment,
Figure 2 is. a sectional elevation of a modified detail of Figure 1,
Figure 3 is la sectional elevation of Ithe holding magnet of the
embodiments of Figures 1 and2.
In Figure 1, 1 designates a compressed air container, which is.
divided by an intermediary wall 2 into two compartments 3 and 4 filled
with compressed air supplied through the pipe lines 5 and 6. A
cylinder 7 is attached to the intermedilary wall 2., in which cylinder
there are arranged two pistons S and 9 joined together by means of a
piston rod 10 carrying a contact bridge 11, which in the closed
position of the switch engages the stationary contacts 12 and 13 The
latter contacts are carried by leading through insulators 14 and 15
mounted in the wall of the container 1. The container 1 is provided at
the top with an inspection opening closed by a cover 16 and at the
bottom with another opening closed by a cover 17 on which there is
arranged a holding magnet 18. The cylinder 7 is divided roy the
intermediary wall 2. into two compartments 19 and 20. The compartment
19 com municates through a pipe line 21 with an electromagnetically
operated threeway valve 22 and further communicates through the valve
22 and a pipe llinie 23 with the compartment 4. The valve 22 is
operated by the current through an operating winding 24. A disc shaped
armature 25 is attached to the piston 9, which armature, in the open
position of the device, is held by the holding magnet 18. A spiral
spring 26, arranged in the cylinder space 19, has for its purpose to
move back the pistons -8 and, 9 to their lower position, when the
compartment 19 is evacuated through the valve 22. The armature 25 is
slightly hollowed out on its lower side, and the space 27 thus formed,
between the armature and the holding magnet 1.8. is in communication
with the open air by means of a channel 28 through the holding magnet
Thus the armature 25 is forced against the magnet 18 not only by the
magnetic attraction but also by the air pressure in the compartment 4.
Instead of completely hollowing out the armature 25, as shown in
Figure 1, the lower side of the armature may be provided with a
peripheral groove 34 as shown in Figure 2.

The holding magnet suitably consists of X ring 29 of permanent
magnetic material, which is attached to a yoke 30 of soft iron.. A
central core 31 of soft iron is joined to the yoke 30 and extends
through the ring 29 and through a U-shaped pole ring 32 attached to
the end of the ring 29 remote from the yoke 30. Inside the pole ring
32 there is situated a demagnetisation winding 33. In order to
decrease the size of the holding magnet and thus to give it a higher
speed, there may be arranged in addition one or more permanent magnets
without any demagnetisation arrangement, which are unable to hold the
piston 9 by them- solves but only in cooperation with the
demagnetisable holding magnet
In order to limit the motion of the pistons 9 and 20, and thus also
the motion of the contact bridge 11, the piston rod 10 above the top
of the cylinder 7 is provided with a crossAlead 35, the ends of which
move in two hair-pin shaped hooks 36.
The above described arrangement acts in the following way:
In performing a short-circuiting test there is obtained through the
usual controller used in the testing of switches, a current through
the winding 24, which current influences the valve 22 in such a way
.that the compartment 19 in the cylinder 7 is brought into
communication with the open air through the pipe line 21. Immediately
afterwards the holding magnet b8, also through the operating control,
receives a release impulse through the winding 33.. This releases the
armature 25 so that the piston 9, under the influence of the pressure
acting in the compartment 4, is moved upwards with a strong pressure
until its movement is retarded by the air cushion formed in the upper
part of the space 20 above the piston 8. The movement upwards is
finally limited in that the cross-head 35 reaches the top of the
hair-pin shaped hooks 36. The contact bridge 11 then has forced itself
between the stationary contacts 12 and 13. When the .circuit closing
device is to be opened, the valve 22 is reversed in such a 'way that
the compartment 19 is Ibrought into communication with the compartment
4 through the pipe lines 21 and 237 and as the pressure thus becomes
the same on both sides. of the piston 9, the latter is moved
downsvards under the dn- pence of the spring 26, until the armature 25
is again forced against the holding magnet 18.
Whatwe claim is:
1. Circuit closing device for short-circuiting tests with switches and
other similar tests, comprising one or more movable contacts which are
brought into engagement with one or more stationary contacts by
compressed air, characterised in that on the occasion of closing the
device the movable contact is, or the movable contacts are, operated
by a piston movable in a cylinder which immediately before closing is
subjected to an unbalanced air pressure in closing direction but is

held in open position by a holding magnet until the latter is
demagnetised by a releasing impulse.
2. Circuit closing device according .to claim 1, characterised in that
the holding magnet is arranged in a space which on the occasion of
closing of the device is filled with compressed air, in that its
armature is provided with a hollow or groove-shaped recess in the
surface making contact with the magnet, and in that the magnet is
provided with an evacuation channel placing this hollow or groove in
communication with the open air.
3. Circuit dosing devices constructed and arranged substantially as
herein described with reference to the accompanying drawing.

GB785899A gasification process patent summary

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GB785899A gasification process patent summary