5556 5560.output

* GB785964 (A)
Description: GB785964 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Improvements in prompting apparatus
Description of GB785964 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
0/, Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Feb6, 1956.
No 3641156.
Application made in United States of America on Feb 17, 1955.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957.
ndex at acceptance:-Classes 44, BE 14 A; 80 ( 2), D 6 C 2; and 132 (
1), B 5 F.
international Classification:-A 45 c A 63 j F 06 h.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Prompting Apparatus We, SPE Ec Hi Q Co RPORAT Io N, a
lcorporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of New
York, Unitedl States of America, of 3,00 West 43 Shreet, New York,
State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement: -
Our invention relates to a novel prompt-ing apparatus for speakers and
performers wherein the script is continuously presented to the
speaker's view at a desired rate and in a location not apparent to the
general audience.
It is always preferable, in giving a speech, for the speaker or
performer, in situations where it is not possible to memorize his
lines, to have before him a prompting means which he may refer to as
the speech is given It is also highly desirable that such prompting
means be one which is not readily apparent to the audience but which
adequately prompts the speaker and which presents his speech or notes
to him in such a manner so that he need not be distracted from his
speech Our invention provides prompting apparatus including two
rotatable spools between which a script sheet may be wound, and means
to drive one or the other of those spools These driving means comprise

a reversible motor, a shaft coupled to the motor, a housing journaled
coaxialily of the shaft, a first friction wheel journaled in the
housing eccentrically of the shaft and parallel thereto, resilient
means stressing the first friction wheel into engagement with the
shaft, two idler wheels each supported with respect to the shaft to
present its circumference within the circle described by the first
friction wheel upon rotation of the housing about the shaft, and two
further friction wheels leach coupledl to one of the spools and each
frictionally engaging with one of the idler wheels.
The invention will now be further described in connection with the
accompanying drawings in which:
lPrice Figure 1 is, a top view of our apparatus as it would appear to
the speaker or other user.
Figure 2 is a section taken along the lines 2-2 of Figure 1 and
looking in the direction of the arrows.
Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the electrical wiring
connections which control the apparatus.
Figure 4 is a cross sectional view taken along the lines 4-4 'of
Figure 2 and shows, in detail, the reversing mechanism of our
apparatus.
Figure 5 is a side elevational view taken along the lines 5-5 of
Figure 2 and looking in the direction of the arrow.
Figure 6 is a side elevational view of the reversing mechanism shown
in Figure 4.
Essentially our invention involves a pair of rotatable reels carrying
a script roll of paper for passage from one reel to the other ito
permit reading of a script or text written or printed on the paper.
Our apparatus provides means for reversing the travel of the said
paper, by the speaker or operator, wherein only the spool dtawing the
paper toward' it is driven and the other spool is provided with a
suitable brake means Provisions are also made for the stopping,
starting or reversal of the mechanism and for the easy adjustment of
the speed of the script as it passes in front of the light source The
apparatus is also provided with a suitable light source and is simply
and economically constructed so as to be compact and readlily portable
Further details 'of construction will be discussed in connection with
the description of the drawings which follows.
Referring first to Figures 1 and 21, the apparatus is enclosed, in a
suitable casing 10 having an opening or window 11 through which the
roll carrying the script, speech or other printed matter is viewed The
script is wound or unwound from spools 14 and 15, respectively A which
spools are located near the bottom of the unit Depressible buttons '18
and 19 allow the cover to be readily removed? from the unit.
785,964 The paper 21 is transported in either direction between spools

15 and 14 and is guided by rollers 26 and 27 before passing over
translucent glass 22 These guide rollers are internally threaded and
are screwed to end plates and 31 by means of screws 32 and 33 The end
plates are also used to support flexible copper members 35 and 36
which allow the depressible buttons 18 and 19 to return to position
after pressure has been relieved.
There are two elongated light bulbs 38 which may be a conventional 25
watt 120 volt bulbs and which provideasuitablelightsource.
The light emanating from these bulbs is diffused through translucent
glass 22 so that there is an evenly lighted background supplied for
the script or speech.
The spools 14 and 15 are secured to end pieces 30 and 31 by having
their extended shafts 37 and 39 journaled within a cylindrical opening
in each end piece In order that the spools be readily removable a
flexible copper or brass member 41 is provided This piece can be
flexed outwardly at ends 42 and 43 (see Figure 5) and the spools are
then easily removed.
The electrical circuitry for this apparatus is diagrammed in Figure 3
Either an A C.
or D C source of voltage may be used, but for convenience A C is
usually preferable.
Therefore, the embodiment shown in Figure 3 ' represents a circuit
diagram wkihere the source voltage is A C Across the A C line are the
illuminating lamps 38, a variable transformer 45 which controls the
voltage applied to a D C.
motor 46, and transformer 52 In order to convert the A C to D C a
selenium rectifier 48 is provided The motor 46 may be a permanent
magnet motor, a shunt motor, or any type of variable speed A C or D C
motor.
The double pole switch 50 is used to reverse the motor and thereby
wind the script roll in an opposite direction The motor, rectifier,
and transformer are located within the unit in any suitable fashion,
the location being herein illustrated by blocks 46, 48 and 52,
respectively.
An important feature of our invention involves the means by which ithe
direction of the script is reversed, upon the reversal of the
direction of rotation of the motor shaft 55.
The mode of operation of this reversal mechanism is pointed out in
Figures 4 and 6 As the shaft rotates in one direction, shown by the
arrow in Figure 4 as counterclockwise, it contacts a rubberized
friction wheel 58 which is then made to rotate in the opposite
direction The wheel 58 in turn drives idler wheel which is made to
rotate in the opposite direction The wheel 60 carries two
circumferential surfaces 63 and 64 The smaller circumferential surface

64 then drives rubberized friction wheel 66 in an opposite direction.
As can be seen in Figure 4, the wheel 66 is located on one end of rthe
shaft carrying spool 15 Note that spool 15 is driven as the take-up
spool only when the motor shaft is rotated in one direction
(counter-clockwise as seen in Figure 4) The rotation of the motor
shaft in this fashion throws the rotatable 7 rubber friction wheel 58
mounted on shaft 75 against the outer circumference 63 of wheel This
is done by having a common housing 76 for shaft 55 and wheel 58 The
extension of motor shaft 55 is held in intimate 7 contact with wheel
58 by springs 72 and 74, (see Figure 6).
Actually it need not be the motor shaft, itself, which drives friction
wheel 58 but any sleeve or other cylindrical member rigidly 8 (
secured to the same may be used as the drive.
In any event as shaft 55 rotates it tends to swing the housing over to
one direction or the other, depending upon the direction of rotation
of the motor shaft Thus, in the embodiment 85 shown in Figure 4, the
counterclockwise rotation of shaft 55 swings the wheel 58 and the
member supporting it to the right against the outer circumference of
the wheel 60.
Upon reversal of the motor which may be 90 done by the operator
through switch 50, the opposite thrust is obtained and the wheel 58 is
thrown against the outer circumference 83 of wheel 80 Thus, the inner
circumference 84 drives friction wheel 86 which is attached to 95
spool 14 which then acts as the take up spool for the script roll.
No matter which spool is the take up reel it is necessary that the
supply reel be provided with a certain amount of tension so that the
100 paper does not unravel At the same time it is necessary not to
have too much tension or else the paper might tear The appropriate
tension is provided by spring members 90 and 91 which are attached to
end piece 30 by means of 105 screws 92 and to arms 94 and 95 by means
of screws 93 These arms, which are mounted to the end piece 30 by
screws 98, are then pulled downwardly by the springs 90 and 91 so that
the ends of the arms opposite screws 110 98, which are provided with
openings 100 and 101 and which carry journaled therein the shafts 102
and 103 about which wheels 60 and revolve, tend to displace those
shafts downwardly and to pull the inner circumfer 115 ential surfaces
64 and 84 of wheels 60 and 80 against the circumference of friction
wheels 66 and 8 '6, respectively Openings 87 and 88 in end plate 30
permit the passage through plate of shafts 102 and 103, with clearance
for 120 limited upward and downward motion of those shafts to insure
engagement of surfaces 84 and 64 with wheels 86 and 66 Thus, when
spool is the take up spool, wheel 80 forms a load on supply spool 14,
providing a desired tension 125 in the paper and when spool 14 is the
take up spool, wheel 60 forms a similar load to the same purpose.

In Figure 5 a jack 110 is shown, through which appropriate cords may
be inserted so as 130 785,964 785,964 3 to make the reversing
mechanism and/or the speed rheostat readily controllable 'by the
operator through a portable unit.
our preferred embodiment is shown in Figure 1, wherein a manually
operable variable transformer 115 is connected to the unit through
cord 113 The operator changes the speed of travel of the script merely
by the appropriate adjustment of button 118.
The path of the paper or other script bearing material is best seen by
referring to Figures 4 and 5 The paper 21 travels between spools 14
and 15 in either direction, dependck ing upon the the position of
switch 50 and the consequent direction of rotation of the variable
speed driving motor.
The paper after leaving the supply spool (assuming this to be spool,
14) travels over guide roller 26 and then over the translucent glass
22, guide roller 2:7 and finally to the take up reel 15 The
translucent glass is held in position by means of brackets 135 and
136.
The illuminating lamps 38: are located below the translucent glass and
in order that the light be evenly distributed elongated lamps of the
type illustrated in Figure 2 are preferred.
These lamps may be 120 volt incandescent bulbs of any desired wattage
rating.
The jack 110 is held against end piece 31 by means of screws 140 and
141 The function of screws 142 and '143 is to allow the flexible
copper band 41 to be rigidly secured to the center portion of end,
piece 351.
The entire apparatus with the exception of openings for electrical
leads and the opening 11 through which the script material is read, is
enclosed in a suitable casing 10 ' and supported on metallic base 13
The motor, transformer and rectifier are encased in an insulated
housing 160 which acts as a sound-absorber medium, thereby eliminating
or substantially reducing any A 1 C hum which may be present.
The exterior of this housing should preferably be painted white in
order that a maximum amount of light is reflected upwardly through the
translucent glass.
The unit, because of its simple construction and compactness, provides
a convenient portable prompting apparatus which the speaker or
performer may rehearse or use in the delivery of his speech.
The interchangeable paper spools 14 and 15 may hold up to about two
hours of continuous script and thereby allow for the printing or
typing of several speeches on a single roll of paper As the unit is
readily reversible and may be made to run at any desired speed, it
provides a flexibility of operation heretofore not realized in

prompting devices.
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* GB785965 (A)
Description: GB785965 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Improvements in or relating to cover-heated tank furnaces
785965 4 ' Date of Application and filing Complete Specification March
9, 1956.
No 7405156.
Complete Specification Published Nov 6, 1957.
Idex at Acceptance:-Classes 51 ( 2), BA 7; and 82 ( 2), G ( 6 7 A: 7
J).
International Classification: -C 23 c.
Improvements in or relating to Cover-Heated Tank Furnaces I, C An L
FRITZ, of 83, Fleyer Strasse, Hlagen, Wiestplialia, Germany, a German
citizen, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a
patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
This invention relates to a cover-heated tank furnace for the coating
of workpieces, particularly wires, with nonferrous metals.
Such tank furnaces, heated by means of raisable and jowerable covers,
are already known.
A defect of known furnaces is that they are not readily adaptable to
difierent tasks Thus for example for normal, that is to say flat or

horizontal galvanisation, it is necessary to use tank furnaces
different from those for a heavy or vertical galvanisation While in
the former case a long immersion path is necessary, with relatively
high speed of passage for the wires to be treated, for the latter case
a short immersion path is heeded with slow passage of the wires Thus
for these two types of galvanisation either two different types of
furnaces were needed, or it was necessary to tolerate undesirable def
ects in production.
An object of the present invention is to remove or reduce this defect.
According to the invention there is provided a cover-heated tank
furnace, for example a galvanising furnace, characterised in that in
the direction of travel of the workpiece led through the bath the
heating areas of the tank furnace and of the heating cover can be
divided and can be adapted to suit selected different lengths of
immersion of the workpiece in the bath, and the cover comprises
separate cover units each of which can be independently raised or
lowered into the bath or set on the bath surface and can be E Price 3
s M&(, Cdr independently heated, and that each cover unit when lowered
in the bath or set on the bath surface forms a separate compartment
which can be supplied with 50 a protective gas or a cooling gas at a
pressure higher than that of the ambient atmosphere Preferably the
tank is provided with one or more removable trahsverse partitions It
is preferred to arrange 55 a transverse partition in the vicinity of a
point where two cover units adjoin one another The transverse
partition may be suspended or slide in guides Conveniently the furnace
is operated with combustible 60 heating means and comprises a throttle
valve in a draught duct for waste gases in order to produce a
super-atmospheric pressure in the cover chamber The furnace may also
comprise a valve for 65 regulating a supply of oxygen and capable of
being coupled to a thermostat and to a valve controlling the supply of
the heating means.
With a tank furnace constructed in 70 accordance with the invention it
is possible, in a simple manner, to provide wires with satisfactory
coatings, in various coating conditions, while at the same time there
is the appreciable 75 economic advantage of a saving of heating energy
in comparison with known furnaces, since the part of the bath which is
not needed is not heated and solidifies.
The cover units have projecting edges 80 dipping into the bath or into
the melt, after the style of a suction cup, the wires to be coated
with the zinc or other coating metal being drawn through the bath
beneath the cover units 85 Due to the high temperature in the heating
chamber beneath the cover, which rises to about 8000 C while the
molten bath only has a temperature of up to about 45010 C, when
atmospheric 90 oxygen is present in the chamber an oxidisation occurs

on the surface of the bath, which leads for example in the case of a
zinc bath to the formation of zinc ash Now the source of heat in the
cover is switched on and ofi with a thermostat arrangement regulating
the temperature of the bath, whereby an alternate heating and cooling
of the cavity occurs Since the melt here represents a good heatstorage
means, which only gives of heat slowly, while the cover and the cover
space cool down rapidly to about 3000 C, until the thermostatic
arrangement switches on the source of heat again, temperature change
of about 83000 C occur in the cover space The temperature fluctuations
prevent good sealing of the cover, which is lined in the same manner
as the tank.
Now on the cooling down in the cover space there occurs a negative
pressure in relation to the atmosphere, so that air can flow in
through joints and other unsealed parts in the cover, so that now the
process of oxidisation begins afresh at every heating.
This defect is avoided by filling the cover compartments, at least
during the cooling period, with an oxygen-free gas, that is with a
protective gas, with pressure greater than that of the atmosphere.
In the case of covers operated with combustible heating means a
super-pressure of 0 5 to 1 atm in the cover chamber can be obtained by
means of a throttle valve arranged in the draught conduit for the
waste gases The production of the excess pressure is in this way
advantageous, since the protection of the bath surface is achieved by
the waste gases, which are worthless in themselves, and thus no extra
expense is required An excess pressure of 0 5 to 1 atm is sufficient
to maintain a pressure high in relation to that of the atmosphere
within the cover space, with temperature fluctuations of about 300 (D
In the case of electrically-heated covers the introduction of
protective gas under positive pressure in relation to the atmospheric
pressure is necessary.
The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying
drawings, wherein: Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic representation of a
furnace in longitudinal central section, for operation for normal,
that is to say flat or horizontal, galvanisation, Figure 2 shows the
same with another cover arrangement for operation for a heavy or
vertical galvanisation.
In the drawings, the furnace indicated generally at 1 comprises a
brick-lined ceramic tank 3 for the reception of the zinc or other
coating metal 4, and heated cover units 5, 6 arranged over the tank 3,
which cover units can be lowerd into the molten coating metal 4 after
the fashion of a suction cup The workpieces to ibe coated, 'or example
wires 9, are guided through the bath beneath the cover units 70 5, 6
by reversing rollers 2 and a guide member 10 J, for example a
wear-resistant ceramic brick For the variation of the length of the

immersion of the wires for a heavy or vertical galvanisation (Fig 75
2), after the one cover unit 5 has been lifted, the rollers 2 are
moved to obtain the desired immersion length and behind the rollers 2
a partition 11 is arranged in order to reduce the melt volume to be 80
heated The transverse partition 11 can be suspended or may slide in
guides The wires 9 are then passed slowly through and are guided from
the brick 10 vertically upwards out of a bath The brick 85 ensures a
vibration-iree running of the wires 9 The bath surface where free of
the, cover is covered in any known way by a protective layer for the
purpose of protection against oxidation In order also 9 g -to prevent
oxidisation on the bath surface within the cover units o, 6 in spite
of the high temperature (about 80 t} C), the cover units are filled
with oxygen-free gas at super-atmosplheric pressure which pre 95
cludes the entry of atmospheric oxygen when the cover compartments are
cooling down For this purpose in the case of a cover fed with gaseous
or liquid fuel the waste-gas conduit 12 is provided with a Ion(
throttle valve 13 The fuel-supply duct 14 and the air supply duct 15
each have a.
regulating valve 16, 17, which valves are coupled with one another and
with a thermostat (not shown) The air supply is 105 such that not more
than the amount of oxygen necessary for complete combustion is
admitted to the cover space Thus oxygen-free waste gases are stored in
the cover compartments under positive pres 110 sure The air initially
enclosed in the space inside the cover is forced out of the cover
space by the waste gases through the throttle valve 13, through which
the waste gases also escape 115 In the case of electrically-heated
covers an oxygen-free protective gas is forced into the cover space
under positive presssure, the air initially enclosed when the cover is
placed in position escaping fromi 120 the cover space through an
over-pressure valve The positive pressure in the cover space during
the heating periods is adjusted so that the pressure does not drop
beneath 1 atm abs during the iiter 125 mittent cooling of the cover
space to approximately the temperature of the melt.
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* GB785966 (A)

Description: GB785966 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Improvements in or relating to electric circuit breakers
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
BE545973 (A) DE1040666 (B) FR1148876 (A)
BE545973 (A) DE1040666 (B) FR1148876 (A) less
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification March 9, 1956.
No 7432/56.
Application made in United States of America on March 14, 1955.
Complete Specification Published Nov 6, 1957.
Index at Acceptance-Class 30 ( 5), Bl L( 2 A: 2 C: 6 M: 6 X 13), B 4
(C: G).
International Classification: -H 02 c.
Improvrem-ents in or rekating to Electric Circuit Breakers We,
WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC INTERNATIONAL COMPANY, of 40, Wall Street, New
York, 5, State of New York, United States of America, a Corporation
organised and existing under the Laws of the State of Delaware, in
said United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for
which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by
which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by
the following statement:This invention relates to electric circuit
breakers and more particularly to circuit breakers of the type used to
control moderate power distribution circuits.

Many modern circuit breaker designs incorporate the electrical circuit
in the form of a Ushaped loop wherein the current carrying terminal
studs form the legs of the loop and the movable contact-carrying
member forms the closed end of the loop In such designs, excessively
high magnetic forces are generated which are exerted on all portions
of the loop when the electrical circuit is subjected to high
short-circuit currents The extremely high stresses resulting from the
magnetic forces are exerted in a direction which tends to enlarge the
loop and force the movable contact-carrying member in opening
direction Closing a circuit breaker of high fault-current rating
against high short-circuit currents of, for example, 100,000 amperes,
requires excessive closing energy.
It has been found that the magnetic flux can be shifted out of phase
enough to cause the magnetic flux to lag behind the current by as much
as 150 In this manner, a slight delay is effected in the flux build-up
which is equivalent to reducing the current by approximately 18 per
cent in the case of a symmetrical current wave This result is obtained
by placing a mass or bar of a non-magnetic electrically conductive
material within the main current-carrying loop of the circuit breaker
The magnetic flux around the current loop induces eddy currents in the
conductive mass or bar, and the magnetic flux resulting from the eddy
lPrice currents is out of phase with the main current loop flux This
results in a bucking action which delays the magnetic flux build-up in
the main current loop causing it to lag behind the current rise after
the contacts touch during a closing operation The force required to
close the breaker against excessive fault currents is thereby
substantially reduced.
The invention will become more readily apparent from the following
detailed description of an exemplary embodiment thereof illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.
Fig 1 is a vertical sectional view of a circuit breaker embodying the
principles of the invention; Fig 2 is a diagrammatic view showing a
symmetrical current wave and the flux phase shift effected by the
invention; Fitg 3 is a diagrammatic view showing the flux paths.
Referring to Fig 1 of the drawings, the circuit breaker is of the
multipole type, each pole unit including a separable contact structure
indicated generally at 11, and an overcurrent trip device indicated
generally at 13.
Only the center pole of the circuit breaker is shown and will be
described The contact structure and the trip device for each pole are
mounted on separate insulating bases 15 which are rigidly secured to a
metal panel 17 The bases 15 of the several pole units are secured to
the panel 17 by means of screws 19.
The contact structure 11 comprises stationary main contacts 23, a

stationary intermediate contact 24 and a stationary arcing contact 25,
all supported on the inner end of a terminal conductor 27 which
extends through suitable clearance openings in the base 15 and panel
17.
Cooperating with the stationary main, intermediate and arcing contacts
23, 24 and 25, respectively, are movable main contacts 29, a movable
intermediate contact 30 and a movable arcing contact 31 The stationary
main contacts 23 are pivotally supported and are biased into
engagement with the movable main contacts in the closed position of
the breaker The stationary arcing contact is mounted for limited
785,966 movement in a well known manner and is biased into engagement
with the moving arcing contact in the closed position The movable main
contacts 29, the movable intermediate contact 30 and the movable
arcing contact 31 are supported on a movable switch member pivotally
mounted by means of a pivot pin 37 on a bracket 39 The bracket 39 is
secured by means of a screw 41 to the inner end of a lower terminal
member 43 Spring-biased contact members 45 provide a wiping contact
with the movable switch member 35 adjacent the pivoted end thereof A
spring 47 compressed between a spring seat 49 on the base 15 and the
movable switch member 35 biases the latter in opening direction.
The movable contact structure is normally maintained in the closed
position by an operating mechanism indicated generally at 61 (Fig.
1) mounted in a U-shaped frame comprising spaced side members 65 and a
connecting cross member 67 and is supported on a platform 69, which
forms a cross member of a main bracket comprising a pair of spaced
side members 71 (Fig 1) joined at their outer ends by the cross member
on platform 69 The platform extends across the width of the breaker
and the side members 71 are rigidly secured to the panel 17 on the
outsides of the two outer pole units.
The operating mechanism includes a lever 73 pivotally mounted on a
pivot pin 75 supported in the side members 65 of the frame.
The lever 73 comprises a pair of spaced levers joined by a cross
member 77 and between them support a rod 79 which extends across all
of the poles of the breaker The rod 79 is operatively connected to the
movable switch member 35 by means of an insulating connecting member
81 and pivot pin 82 in the switch member There is a connecting member
81 for each pole of the breaker connecting the rod 79 to the moving
contact structure for each pole unit so that upon operation of the rod
79, the movable contact structure for all three poles move in unison.
An operating linkage comprising toggle links 83, 85 and 87 is provided
to hold the lever 73 and consequently, the movable contacts in the
closed position and to operate the movable contacts to open and closed
positions The toggle link 83 is pivotally connected to the lever 73 by
a pivot pin 89 and the toggle link 85 is connected by a knee pivot pin

91 to the toggle link 83 and by a knee pivot pin 93 to the toggle link
87 The toggle link 87 is pivotally mounted on a fixed pivot 97 in the
frame members 65 and has a cam member thereon.
The linkage 83, 85, 87 comprises two toggles one of which 83, 85
functions as a tripping toggle and the other 85, 87 as a closing
toggle.
The tripping toggle is normally slightly underset above a line drawn
through the pivot pins 89, 93 and the closing toggle 85, 87 is
normally slightly below a line drawn through the pivots 91, 97.
The tripping toggle 83, 85 is normally biased in a direction to cause
its collapse by the springs 47 which bias the moving contact struc 70
ture for the several poles of the breaker in opening direction and
bias the connecting members 81 toward the left (Fig 1) The tripping
toggle 83, 85 is normally prevented from collapsing by means of a main
latch member 75 99 pivoted on a pin 100 and connected by a link 101 to
the knee pin 91 of the tripping toggle, the link 101 being connected
to the latch member 99 by a pivot pin 103.
The main latch 99 is held in latching rosi 80 tion by an intermediate
latch lever 105 pivoted on a pin 107 supported in the frame members
The latch lever 105 carries a latch roller 111 which normally engages
the main latch 99 to releasably hold the latter in holding posi 85
tion The latch lever 105 at its lower end carries a latch member 113
which normally engages a light-load latch 115 on a channelshaped
member 117 pivoted on a Din 119 in the frame members 65 The latch
lever 105 90 and the member 117 are biased to their latching positions
by a spring 121 tensioned between the parts as shown in Fig 1 Rigidly
mounted on the right hand end of the channelshaped member 117 is a
trip bar 123 which 95 extends across all of the poles of the breaker
and has secured thereto an insulating bracket for each pole of the
breaker Each of the brackets 125 has a headed screw 127 adjustably
mounted therein for cooperating with the trip 100 device 13 for the
corresponding pole unit.
As long as the main latch 99 is held in latching position by the
latching mechanism just described, the tripping toggle 83, 85 will,
through the link 101, be held in the position 105 shown in which the
breaker contacts are held in the closed position The closing toggle
85, 87 is normally prevented from collapsing by a shouldered support
member 131 pivoted on the pin 107 and biased by a spring 133 into 110
supporting engagement with the knee pin 93 of the closing toggle.
Rigidly secured to the front plate or cross member 67 of the frame is
a bearing member in which is rotatably mounted a handle 115 shaft 137
to the outer end of which is secured an operating handle 139 (Fig 1)
Secured to the inner end of the shaft 137 is a disc 141 having a
roller 143 eccentrically mounted thereon The roller 143 has the dual

function 120 of engaging and actuating the channel shaped member 117
to manually trip the breaker upon movement of the handle 139 in one
direction and of engaging the cam 95 on the closing toggle 85, 87 to
manually close the breaker 1 upon movement of the handle in the
opposite direction.
Assuming the circuit breaker to be in the closed and latched position
with the support member 131 supporting the closing toggle 85, 130
785,966 87 in its extended thrust transmitting position, the circuit
breaker is tripped open by manually rotating the handle in the proper
direction.
During this movement, the roller 143 engages and actuates the channel
shaped member 117 to disengage the latch member 115 from the latch 113
whereupon the force exerted by the springs 47 biasing the switch arms
35 in opening direction and which is transmitted through the
connecting members 81, the rod 79 and the lever 73, causes the
tripping toggle 83, 85 to collapse upwardly and effects opening
movement of the movable contacts for all of the poles of the breaker.
The closing toggle 85, 87 does not immediately collapse following
release of the latch mechanism since it is held by the support 131.
During the unlatching movement of the main latch 99, a cam (not shown)
thereon engages the tail of the support member 131 and moves this
member clockwise about its pivot 107 to disengage the shoulder thereon
from beneath the pin 93 whereupon the toggle 85, 87 collapses
downwardly under its own weight and the weight of the moving armature
of a closing solenoid, which will be described later.
Collapse of the closing toggle 85, 87 causes resetting of the tripping
toggle 83, 85 to thrust transmitting position and also causes
resetting of the latching mechanism to latching position The operating
mechanism is now in condition for a closing operation.
The circuit breaker is automatically tripped open by operation of the
trip device 13 for any pole of the breaker The trip device may be of
any suitable type, and is arranged to trip the breaker after a time
delay and also instantaneously in response to overload currents of
different values on short circuit currents.
The contacts are closed either manually by operation of the handle 139
or by operation of a closing solenoid indicated generally at 145 (Fig
1) In order to close the contacts manually, the handle 139 is moved in
the direction opposite to the direction it is moved to manually trip
the breaker This movement of the handle causes the roller 143 to
engage the cam on the closing toggle 85, 87 and straightens the
closing toggle Since, at this time, the knee of the tripping toggle
83, 85 is restrained by the latching mechanism, the thrust of
straightening the closing toggle 85, 87 is transmitted through the
tripping toggle to rotate the lever 73 in a clockwise direction to

close the breaker contacts As the knee pin 93 of the closing toggle
arrives at the fully closed position, the spring 133 restores the
support member 131 to supporting engagement with the knee pin 93 to
maintain the contacts closed.
The circuit breaker is closed automatically by energization of the
closing solenoid 145 which is effected either manually or
automatically in a well known manner The closing solenoid 145
comprises a fixed U-shaped magnet yoke 151 and a fixed core member 153
mounted on the underside of the platform 69.
A movable armature 155 is attached to the lower end of an operating
rod 157 which extends upwardly and has its upper end pivotally
connected to the knee pivot pin 93 of the 70 closing toggle 85, 87 An
energizing coil 159 is supported on a cross member 161 secured by
means of bolts 163 to the lower ends of the legs of the U-shaped
magnet yoke 151.
In the closed position of the breaker, the 75 armature 155 is held in
its raised position in which it is shown in Fig 1 When the breaker is
tripped open, the closing toggle 85, 87 collapses downward permitting
the armature to assume its lower or unattracted position 80
Thereafter, upon energization of the coil 159, the armature 155 is
attracted upward and acts through the rod 157 to straighten the
closing toggle 85, 87 and close the breaker.
The circuit controlled by the breaker is in 85 the form of a loop with
the terminal conductors 27 and 43 forming the legs of the loop and the
movable contact member 35 forming the normally closed end of the loop
Excessive current flowing in the loop generates magnetic 90 flux which
tends to enlarge the loop which exerts a force on the movable switch
member in opening direction and which opposes closing movement of the
movable switch member.
It has been found that the magnetic flux which 95 tends to oppose
closing of the movable switch member against high currents can be
shifted out of phase so as to lag behind the current by as much as 15
electrical degrees by means of a bar 165 (Figs 1 and 3) of
non-magnetic 100 electrically conductive material, such as copper,
mounted in the loop adjacent the movable switch member and extending
transversely of the loop The magnetic field shown schematically at 167
(Fig 3) produced by changing 105 current in the main circuit causes
eddy currents shown schematically at 169 (Fig 3) to flow in the
conductive bar 165 in the direction indicated by the arrows The eddy
currents flowing in the bar 165 produce a flux field 171 11 ( 1 of
their own which is out of phase with the flux produced by the main
circuit current and which reduces the main current flux tending to
blow the movable switch member open and to oppose closing movement of
the movable 115 switch member.

As shown in Fig 2, a symmetrical half cycle of 60 cycle current rises
to its crest value in 1, of a cycle or 4 165 milliseconds Assuming
that, during a closing operation, the contacts 120 travel at an
average speed of 120 inches per second from the time the contacts
touch to the time when they are in full engagement and the breaker
latches, they will be traveling at an average speed of two inches per
cycle, or '/, 125 inch in 1/4 cycle or 4 165 milliseconds Also, if the
arcing contacts are arranged to travel 1/, inch and the main contacts
to travel '/l, inch from the time of touching until they are fully
closed, the breaker will then be fully closed 130 785,966 in slightly
less than 1/, cycle after the contacts touch and the current will have
risen to only approximately half of its maximum value when the breaker
is fully closed and latched.
The reduction of the flux produced by the main circuit current,
effected by the high conductivity bar 165, is equivalent to the flux
build-up, as a phase shift of about 15 electrical degrees This effects
a gain in time of almost -/, of a millisecond delay in the flux
build-up which is equivalent to reducing the current by 18 % in a
symmetrical current wave as shown in Fig 2.
It will thus be seen that, due to the delay in the flux build-up
efected by the bar 165 of high conductive material, the maximum
current the breaker is required to close against is approximately 10 %
less than it would be if the bar 165 were not present This
correspondingly reduces the force required to close the breaker
against a high fault current.
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* GB785967 (A)
Description: GB785967 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Improvements in or relating to leveller bar apparatus for coke ovens

7859967 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: March
16, 1956.
No 8264/56.
Application made in Belgium on March 18, 1955.
Index at acceptance:-Class 51 ( 2), B 7 (A 6: X: Y 8).
International Classification:-Cl Ob.
Improvements in or relating to Leveller Bar Apparatus for Coke Ovens
We, " EVENCE COPPEE '& CIE," of 103, Boulevard dce Waterloo, Brussels,
Belgium, a Belgian 'Company, do hereby declare the invention, for
which we pray that a I Patent may be granted to us, and the method by
which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and 'by
the following statement: -
The present invention relates to a leveller bar apparatus for coal
introduced into the coking chambers of a battery of coke ovens, which
apparatus contains, at its front and lower end, a spillage container
the nose of which is, on the one hand, introduced' automatically into
the frame of the leveller bar door of the coking chamber which is
being charged at the beginning of the driving in of the leveller bar
apparatus into the chamber in question for the purpose of collecting
the surplus coal 'brought out of said chamber when the leveller bar
apparatus is withdrawn therefrom and' on the other hand, automatically
Withdrawn from said frame at the end of the withdrawal of the leveller
bar apparatus from the chamber, the said apparatus further containing
a device which reintroduces the coal contained in the aforesaid
container between the blades of the leveller bar apparatus during the
driving of the latter into the coking chamber which is being charged'.
Leveller bar apparatus of this kind are known in which the device
which returns the coal contained in the aforesaid spillage container
between the blades of the leveller bar apparatus during the driving of
the latter into a coking chamber, is constituted by an elevator
disposed outside the container and which discharges the coal which it
oonveys, between the blades so as to recharge said coal into the oven.
The present invention provides a leveller bar apparatus with which the
coal contained in the spillage container is recharged in the oven by
simpler, lighter, and less bulky means.
In the leveller bar apparatus according to the invention, the said
spillage container has a movable base of variable height which is
lPrice 3 s 6 d l raised when ithe leveller 'bar apparatus is driven

into the coking chamber which' is being charged, for the purpose of
pushing the coal contained in the container between the blades of the
apparatus which penetrate into said chamber Said movable base is then
lowered.
The leveller bar apparatus according to the invention is particularly
advantageous when the movement for raising the base is automatically
controlled by the driving of the leveller bar apparatus into a coking
chamber.
In particular, after the automatic introduction of the nose of the
aforesaid spillage 'container into the frame of the leveller bar door,
the raising of the base of said container is controlled, automatically
by the leveller bar apparatus when the latter is driven into a coking
chamber, while the lowering of said base is controlled automatically
by the said base arriving at the end of the raising stroke.
In one preferred form of construction, the apparatus accordmg to the
invention is characterised in that the leveller bar carries a stop
which, after the nose of the aforesaid 'container has been introduced
into the frame of the leveller bar door, temporarily displaces the
distributor of a compressed air pilot valve into a position in which
compressed air is applied against one of the faces of a disfributor of
a compressed air relay valve, in that the latter distributor is thus
brought into a position in, which it applies compressed air to a
piston, which, by moving, causes the base to be raised, in that a part
which is movable during the driving in of the leveller 'bar causes, at
the end of the driving in movement, the temporary displacement of a
distributor of another compressed air pilot valve into a position in
which compressed air is applied to the face of the distributor of the
aforesaid relay valve opposed to that which caused the first
displacement of said distributor and'in that in its new position the
latter applies compressed air to the opposite face of the 'aforesaid
piston, thus causing the said base to be lowered.
' Other features and details of ithe invention will be clear from the
description of the accompanying drawings which show diagrammatically
and by way of example only some forms of construction of the machine
according to the invention.
Figure 1 is a vertical sectional elevation on the line P-I in Figure
3, of the front part of a leveller bar apparatus according to the
invention, after the end of the coal container has been engaged in the
frame of the leveller bar door.
Figure 2 is an elevation of the rear part of this leveller bar
apparatus in the same position as in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a plan view of the part shown in Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a section on the line IV-IV in Figure 1.
Figure 5 shows on a larger scale and with slightly more detail some of

the parts mounted on the front part and on the rear part of the
leveller bar apparatus.
Figures 6 and 7 show two forms of construction of the machine
according to the invention, in a similar manner to Figure 1.
In these various Figures, like elements have been given like
references.
The leveller bar apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 5 contains a frame 2
in relation 'to which it is possible to advance the leveller bar
constituted by ithe blades 3 mounted between two plates 4 The leveller
bar is supported and guided in relation to the frame 2 by rollers such
as 5 and 6 A carriage 7 is movable in relation to the frame 2 It is
carried by the latter by means of rollers 8 Said carriage carries a
spillage container 9 provided with a nose 10 which can be introduced
into the frame 11 of the leveller bar door, as shown in Figure 1 Said
door, which is denoted by 12, is shown in the position it occupies
after having been raised, in a manner known per se, to permit the
introduction of the leveller bar into a coking chamber The base of the
container is denoted by 13.
It is movable as to height so as to push up the coal contained in the
container 9 and which was brought there during the preceding levelling
and the extraction of the leveller bar from the coking chamber.
The raising of the base 13 is effected when the leveller bar is driven
into the coking chamber during charging It follows from this that the
coal contained in the container 9 is pushed between the blades 3
during the time the latter penetrate into said chamber.
The raising of the base 13 is controlled automatically by the leveller
bar when the latter is driven into the chamber, this driving in taking
place after the nose of the container has been automatically
introduced into the frame 11 of the door When, during its raising, the
base 13 reaches the upper part of the container 9, it is automatically
lowered Said container is therefore ready to receive coal which
sometimes falls from the oven during levelling.
It may also receive coal driven out of the oven when the leveller bar
is withdrawn from the latter These various automatic movements 70 may
be carried out, for example, by means of compressed air distributed by
pilot valves and a relay valve which will be discussed hereinbelow.
One of the plates 4 of the leveller bar 75 carries, towards the rear,
a stop 14 which, at the beginning of the movement of the leveller bar
towards the oven, temporarily displaces the distributor of a pilot
valve 15 downwardly at the moment it meets a lever 17 80 In Figures 2
and 5, said stop 14 is shown in the position it occupies after it has
actuated the distributor of the pilot valve 15 In Figure 5, said
distributor is denoted by reference 16.
It is connected to the lever 17 by a connecting 85 rod 18 It has been

brought into its lower position at the moment the stop 14, moving in
the direction of the arrow X, met the lever 17 In this position,
compressed air supplied through a nozzle 19 passes into a pipe 20 90
which leads to the rear end of a cylinder 21 (Figure 1) A piston
contained' in said cylinder is connected by a rod 22 to the container
9.
Under the pressure of the compressed air admitted to the rear end of
the cylinder 21, 95 the container 9 and the carriage 7 are moved in
the direction of the arrow X, thus introducing the nose 10 into the
frame 11 of the leveller bar door During this movement of the piston,
the air contained in the cylinder 100 21 in front of the piston can
escape through a pipe 23 (Figures 1 and 5) which leads to the pilot
valve 15 Communication of this pipe with the atmosphere is established
by means of a nozzle 24 105 If the leveller bar continues to advance
in the direction of the arrow X, from the position shown in Figures 1,
2 and 5, the stop 14 meets a benlt lever 25 which in rocking raises a
distributor 26 (Figure 5) constantly 110 urged by a spring 27 to
occupy a position at the lower part of a pilot valve 28 When the stop
14 has passed the bent lever 25, the latter and the distributor 26
immediately return to the position shown in Fig 5 under 115 the action
of the return spring 27 When the distributor is momentarily raised
during the passage of the stop 14 in contact with the bent lever 25,
compressed air supplied by a nozzle 29 passes through a pipe 30 and
leads 120 to the front end of a relay valve 31 This compressed air
moves a distributor 32 to the right After the displacement of this
distributor, compressed air supplied by a nozzle 33 passes into a pipe
34 and penetrates into a 125 cylinder 35 at the rear end of the said
pipe.
Under the action of this compressed air, a piston 36 is moved to the
left and causes a bent lever 37 to which it is connected to rock.
The air contained in the cylinder 35 infrontof 130 7855967 l through
the pipe 23 to the front end of the cylinder 21, thus causing the
return, to the right, of the piston contained in said cylinder and the
withdrawal of the nose '10 from the frame 11 of the leveller bar door,
The air 70 contained in the cylinder 21 to the right of said latter
piston can escape into the atmosphere through the pipe 20 and a nozzle
54 of the pilot valve 15.
In Figure 6 is shown a modification of the 75 leveller bar apparatus
according to the invention, wherein a spillage channel 55 is provided
behind the spillage container 9 This channel is intended to evacuate
towards a hopper 56 a quantity of coal in excess of the capacity 80 of
the container 9, in the case when a faulty operation has led to the
discharge into the coking chamber to be levelled of a quantity of coal
greater than that desired When such a faulty operation has' occurred,

the surplus 85 coal collected in the hopper 56 is returned by known
means (not shown) to a reservoir which supplies the charging carriage
circulating above the battery.
In Figure '7 is shown another form of con 90 struction of the leveller
bar apparatus according to the invention, wherein the base 131 of the
container 9 is movable, not 'by swinging about an axis situated
towards the nose 10, but by translation from bottom to top during 95
the driving in of the leveller bar into a coking chamber This movement
of the base 131 is obtained 'by means of a cylinder 35 playing the
same part as that which controls the displacement of the bent 'lever
37 in Figures 1 100 to 5 a.
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* GB785968 (A)
Description: GB785968 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Multiple sheet glazing unit
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
BE546939 (A) CH345123 (A) DE1061043 (B) ES227876 (A1)
FR1149022 (A) LU34308 (A) NL105225 (C) US2968125 (A)
BE546939 (A) CH345123 (A) DE1061043 (B) ES227876 (A1)
FR1149022 (A) LU34308 (A) NL105225 (C) US2968125 (A) less
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
785,968 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April
10, 1956.
No 10851156.
Application made in United States of America on April 12, 1955.
Coplete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 56, MF 6, M 51 I, InteAd bowrl liflr 9
ERRATA PAI of Cit Oh de SPECIFICATION No 785,968
Page 1, line 60, after "is" insert ", " Page 3, line 53, after " glass
" insert ", " Page 3, line 59, for "portons" read "portions" Page 4,
line 88, for " sation " read " station " THE PATENT OFFICE, g 16th
Decen pa ap open scri sheets ui mbuz vlilull alc drclc Ux ill 3 Fanvu
relation entirely around their edge portions to provide a hermetically
sealed, dead air space 4therebetween Due principally to their
insulating and condensation preventing qualities, such units have
become well established in the building trades and have found, wide
usage as windows for buildings, show cases, vehicles, refrigerators,
and the like.
In order to provide a multiple sheet glazing unit with the desired
heat insulating and condensation preventing qualities, it is necessary
that humid or moisture laden air be removed from the space between the
sheets of glass making up the unit This may be done by partial
evacuation or by replacing the moisture laden air with dry air or gas
which is best suited to the conditions to which the unit is to be put
To make possible the removal of moisture laden air from the enclosed
space between the glass sheets, with or without substituting dry air
or gas therefor, after the sheets have been joined at the marginal
edges to enclose the space, a means of access to the enclosed space of
the unit must be provided.
Likewise, after the space has been properly dehydrated, the means of
access must be permanently sealed to hermetically seal the unit.
The conventional way of providing access to the enclosed space between
the sheets of a glazing unit of this character is to drill or
other(Price 3 s 6 d 1 aber, 1957.
riaxuir uilil Ui vltllbl a l-,ya LIV v breather opening is provided in
the sealed edge wall of the unit.
Another object of the invention is to provide a novel method and
apparatus for forming dehydration or breather holes in the sealed edge
portions of all-glass multiple sheet glazing units during the sealing

of the edge portions of the glass sheets together.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig 1 is a perspective view of an all-glass multiple sheet glazing
unit of the type with which this invention is concerned; Fig 2 is a
sectional view of the glazing unit taken substantially along lines 2-2
of Fig 1 showing a dehydration or breather hole in the sealed edge
wall of the unit; Fig 3 is a fragmentary plan view of a burner used to
heat the marginal edge portions of the glass sheets to the fusing
temperature of the glass; Fig 4 is a fragmentary sectional view of
apparatus for producing an all-glass glazing unit according to this
invention; Fig 5 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the
relationship between a fusing burner and the glass sheets as the
marginal edge portions of a pair of opposed sides of the sheets are
being heated to the fusing temperature and after a dehydration hole
has been placed in the sealed edge of one side of the unit; PATENT
SPECIFICATION
7559968 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April
10, 1956.
HaN 10851156.
/ ' O Alication made in United States of America on April 12, 1955.
Index at acceptance:-Class 56, MF 6, 'M 511.
International Classification:-C 03 b.
Multiple Sheet Glazing Unit We, LIBBEY-OWENS-FORD 'GLASS COMPANY, a
'Corporation organized under the laws of the State of Ohio, of 608 i
Madison Avenue, l City of Toledo, County of Lucas and State of Ohio,
United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which
we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and' the method by which
it is to 'be performed, to be particularly described in and by the
following statement:The present invention relates broadly to allglass,
multiple sheet glazing units and more particularly to an improved
method and apparatus for forming dehydration or 'breather openings in
such units Multiple sheet glazing units may be described generally as
comprising two or more sheets of glass which are sealed in spaced
relation entirely around their edge portions to provide a hermetically
sealed, dead air space therebetween Due principally to their
insulating and condensation preventing qualities, such units have
become well established in the building trades and have found wide
usage as windows for buildings, show cases, vehicles, refrigerators,
and the like.
In, order to provide a multiple sheet glazing unit with the desired
heat insulating and condensation preventing qualities, it is necessary
that humid or moisture laden air be removed from the space between the

sheets of glass making up the unit This may be done by partial
evacuation or by replacing the moisture laden air with dry air or gas
which is best suited to the conditions to which the unit is to be put,
To make possible the removal of moisture laden air from the enclosed
space between the glass sheets, with or without substituting dry air
or gas therefor, after the sheets have been joined at the marginal
edges to enclose the space, a means of access to the enclosed space of
the unit must be provided.
Likewise, after the space has been properly dehydrated, the means of
access must be permanently sealed to hermentically seal the unit.
The conventional way of providing access to the enclosed space between
the sheets of a glazing unit of this character is to drill or otherk
Prkce 3 s 6 d 1 wise cut an opening through one of the sheets before
they are sealed together so that the internal and external pressures
may be equalized while the edge portions of the sheets are being fused
together However, drilled holes of this type have several
disadvantages in that the glass often times breaks when being drilled,
or small fissures are produced around the hole during drilling which
cause the sheet to break when exposed to thermal shock Additionally,
when the holes are drilled through the face surfaces of the glass
sheets, the sealed hole is in many cases, 'exposed after the unit has
been glazed, leaving it vulnerable to sharp instruments such as a
glazer's putty knife.
It is therefore a primary object of this invention to provide an
all-glass multiple sheet glazing unit in which a dehydration hole or
breather opening is provided in the sealed edge wall of the unit.
Another object of the invention is to provide a novel method and
apparatus for forming dehydration or breather holes in the sealed edge
portions of all-glass multiple sheet glazing units during the sealing
of the edge portions of the glass sheets together.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig, 1 is a perspective view of an all-glass multiple sheet glazing
unit of the type with which this invention is concerned; Fig 2 is a
sectional view of the glazing unit taken substantially along lines 2-2
of Fig 1 showing a dehydration or breather hole in the sealed edge
wall of the unit; Fig 3 ' is a fragmentary plan view of a burner used
to heat the marginal edge portions of the glass sheets to the fusing
temperature of the glass; Fig 4 is a fragmentary sectional view of
apparatus for producing an all-glass glazing unit according to this
invention; Fig 5 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the
relationship between a fusing burner and the glass sheets as the
marginal edge portions of a pair of opposed sides of the sheets are
being 'heated to the fusing temperature and after a dehydration hole
has been placed in the sealed edge of one side of the unit; Fig 6 is a

fragmentary sectional plan view of the apparatus showing the conveyor
apparatus in relation,to the fusing burners and hole forming means;
Fig 7 is a side view of an edge forming tool for forming a multiple
sheet glazing unit showing its action on the edge portions of spaced
sheets of glass to form a sealed edge of the unit; Fig, 8 is a side
view of the hole forming apparatus to which this invention is
directed; Fig 9 is a fragmentary plan view of a sealed edge of a
multiple sheet glazing unit showing the dehydration or breather hole
therein; Fig 10 is a fragmentary sectional view of the actuating means
for the hole forming means of the invention; and Fig 11 is a sectional
view taken along lines 11-il of Fig 10.
According to the present invention, there is provided a method of
producing multiple sheet glazing units, which comprises supporting two
sheets of glass in spaced face-to-face relation with respect to one
another, heating the marginal edge portions of the glass sheets to
fuse the said edge portions together to form sealed edge walls, and
forming an opening through one of said edge walls while in a semisoft
condition to provide a means of access to the space between the glass
sheets.
The invention also provides apparatus for producing multiple sheet
glazing units, comprising means for supporting two sheets of glass in
spaced face-to-face relation with respect to one another, means for
heating the edge portions of the glass sheets to enable them to be
fused together to form a sealed edge wall, and means for forming an
opening in said edge wall while in a semi-soft condition to provide
access to the space between the glass sheets.
With reference to the drawings, there is shown in Figs 1 and 2 an
all-glass glazing unit 20 produced in accordance with this invention
which comprises two sheets of glass 21 and 22 spaced from one another
as at 23 by edge wall portions 24 As shown in Fig 2 a dehydration or
breather hole 25 to which this invention is concerned is disposed in
at least one of the edge wall portions 24 It is through dehydration or
breather holes of this type that pressures within the space 23 are
equalized with respect to the external pressure on the outside of the
unit during and after the sheets are fused together Also, it is
through the dehydration hole that the dehydrated air is introduced
into the unit.
As will best be seen in Figs 4 and 6, the means by which the all-glass
multiple sheet glazing unit 20 may be produced is designated generally
by the numeral 26 and includes a furnace 27, and, a conveyor means 28
mounted adjacent the furnace for carrying the sheets through the
furnace to be fused Within the furnae there are arranged a plurality
of sealing areas here designated by the letters A and B respectively
through which sheets 21 and 22 pass during the sealing process.

The conveyor 28 includes a rail support frame 29 and a carriage 30
adapted to ride on 70 rails 31 mounted On the support frame The
carriage 30 which is adapted to move the spaced sheets 21 and 22
through the furnace, includes a substantially rectangular base 32 (Fig
6) supported on axles 33 which carry 75 groove wheels 34 at their ends
cut to substantially the curvature of the rails 31 so as to accurately
guide the carriage as it moves adjacent the furnace.
Vacuum platens 35 and 36 are provided 80 on the carriage to support
the sheets 21 and 22 in substantially vertical and spaced position
with respect to one another as the carriage moves the sheets through
the furnace More particularly, the vacuum platen 35 is mounted 85 on
one end of a stub shaft 37 which is rotatably mounted adjacent its
other end in a bearing 38 on a cross arm 39 Cross arm 39 is supported
by means of pillow blocks 40 between the ends of a pair of spaced
support rods 90 41 which are secured by means of additional pillow
blocks not shown to the rectangular base 32 Vacuum platen 36 is
mounted on one end of a longer shaft 42 and is spaced from platen 3,5
a distance equal to the width of the 95 all-glass multiple sheet
glazing unit to be produced The shaft 42 is rotatably journaled in
suitable bearing on the base 32 and may be turned by a handle or knob
43 for a purpose to be described hereinbelow 100 As will best be seen
in Fig 4, each of the platens 35 and 36 is provided with depressions
or vacuum cups 44 through which vacuum may be applied to the sheets to
hold them against the faces of the respective platens Grooves 105
which are provided along the face of each of the platens connect the
vacuum cups 44 -to a centrally disposed opening or bore 46 provided in
both the stub shaft 37 and the longer shaft 42 A vacuum or negative
pressure area 110 is created in the vacuum cups 44 by means of a
vacuum pump 47 (Fig 6) The vacuum pump 47 is carried on the base
portion 32 and is connected 'by a suitable pipe 48 to a bore in the
stub shaft 37 and by pipe 49 to the bore 115 in shaft 42 which
connects into pipe 48.
As mentioned above, the carriage 30 rides on the rails 31 to carry the
sheets 21 and 22 through the furnace Movement of the carriage is
accomplished by means of a chain drive 120 mechanism 50 to which the
carriage 30 may be operably connected by means of a suitable coupling
51.
Turning now specifically to the furnace 27 (Figs 4 and 6) it is formed
generally of a 125 bottom wall 52, side walls 53 and 54, and a roof or
ceiling 55 of fire brick or other suitable refractory material The
bottom wall 52 is supported on its corner edges by longitudinally
extendin beams 56 fastened to support 130 785,968 785,968 3 legs 57
For purposes of illustration, heat is supplied to the furnace by
nichrome or other wire filaments 58, fastened to the side walls 53 and

54, however, gas burners' or other well known heating techniques may
be employed to produce the desired heating effects.
To allow the support rods 41 and the shaft 42 to extend into the
interior of the furnace so that platens 35 and 36 may support sheets
21 and 22 and move them, past the sealing stations A and B, etc, the
furnace 27 is provided with a slot '(not shown), in the side wall 54,
one side of which is defined by a longitudinally extending channel 59
(Fig 6) This slot allows the platens 35 and 3 '6 to be moved'
completely through the furnace and past each of the sealing stations
A, B, etc, without meeting any obstructions.
At each of the sealing stations A, B, etc, there are provided sealing
elements which include a bending or fusion burner 60 (Figs 3, 4 and
6), a forming or shaping tool 61 and a finishing burner '62 all
mounted on a suitable frame 63 ' which extends into the furnace More
particularly, the fusing burners '60 '(Fig 6) have angularly disposed
side rows of nozzles 64 mounted thereon The nozzles 64 serve to direct
flames 65 in impinging relation upon the 'edge portions of the glass
sheets 21 and 22 as they move therepast to, heat the edge portions to
the bending temperature thereof.
After a pair of aligned edge portions of the glass sheet are heated to
at least the bending temperature of the glass by impinging flames 65 '
(Fig, 4) coming from the nozzles 64 they are moved into contact with
the forming tool 61 As will best be seen in Fig 7, the forming tool
includes forming wheels 66 rotatably mounted on substantially vertical
axles 67.
Each of the wheels preferably has a lower cylindrical ridge portion 6
'8 which may be moved substantially in contact with one another, while
the upper portions of the forming wheels are tapered upwardly and
inwardly from the ridge portion and have a dished-out or concave
portion as indicated at 69 This dished-out or concave portion is
formed to correspond to the desired curvature or shape of the sealed
edge on side wall 24 of the multiple sheet glazing unit 20.
Thus as the sheets 'leave the fusion burner area where the edge
portions thereof are heated to at least the bending temperature of the
glass they engage the forming wheels 66 which are free to rotate with
the relative movement of the sheets and act to force or bring the edge
portions of the respective sheets 21 and 22 into contact with one
another as is illustrated in Fig 7 That is, the softened edge portons
of the sheet upon passing through the restricted passageway between
the forming wheels are caused to deflect inwardly to a point where
they are brought into contact with one another and fused together.
If desired, after the side walls or edges of the all-glass unit have
been bent to the desired configuration by the forming tool '61, the
marks or scratches that may have been formed by the forming tool may

be removed by a fire polishing process For this purpose, there is
provided a finshing or polishing burner 62 having two rows of aligned
nozzles 70 which impinge upon the sealed edge of the unit to again
heat it slightly thus causing the marks or scratches to blend in an
even smooth contour.
As pointed out hereinabove, it has been common practice in the forming
of multiple sheet glazing units to' place the dehydration or breather
holes through the face portions of the 80 glass sheets before they
were sealed together.
This of course was found to be disadvantageous in some instances
because of large amounts of breakage which occurred in drilling the
sheets, or because of small fissures or 85 fractures which emanated
from the drilled holes and caused the sheets to break upon the
application of heat in the sealing of the edge portions together
According to' the present invention, to alleviate these conditions,
the de 90 hydration or breather hole is formed in the edge wall 24 of
the unit immediately after the edge portions of the sheets have been
sealed together and while the edge wall is still in at least a
semi-soft condition 95 To accomplish the forming of the dehydration
holes in the sidles of the unit, there is provided a hole punching
means 71 at station A immediately behind the fire polishing burner 62
which is adapted to form a small hole 100 in one side of the fused
wall 24 and to be immediately withdrawn so as not ito impede movement
of the unit through the furnace.
Specifically, the edge punching means includes a base portion 72 in
which a punching rod 73 105 is carried in a suitable bore 74 The
punching rod has a pointed end 75 andl is provided with a passageway
76 through which air or other suitable gas under pressure may pass to
aid' in forming the dehydration hole A guide 110 block 77 having a
bore 78 therein is provided' to guide the upper end of the punching
rod 73 ' during its movement toward the passing glazing units.
Actuation of the punching rod 73 is accom 115 plished by means of a
solenoid 79 which forces the punching rod upwardly toward the sealed
edge of the unit so as to penetrate the wall 24 The solenoid is
energized when 'an arm on conveyor carriage 30 engages a switch 120 81
mounted on the frame 29 adjacent one of the rails 31 Utpon penetration
of the edge wall 2,4, the punching rod 73 is immediately urged to its
down or normal position indicated by the dotted line position 82 (Fig
10) 125 by a spring '83 carried in a larger bore 84 in the guide block
77 which abuts a collar on the punching rod and forces it downwardly
upon deenergization of the solenoid.
The action of the solenoid and the spring is 130 785,968 timed to be
very fast so that the glazing unit being formed may be moved
continuously without any hesitation or pause.

To aid in forming the hole 25 in the side wall 24 of the unit, as the
pointed end 75 of the punching rod 73 makes contact with the side
wall, air or gas under pressure is forced through the passageway J 76
in the punch rod.
i The air or gas is brought to the bore in the rod 73 by means of
passageways 86 and 87 in the base 72 which communicates with an
opening 88 in the lower portion of the rod 73 when the rod is in the
up or punching position, as indicated in Figs 8 and 10 More
specifically, the passageway 86 has a plug 89 in one end thereof and
air or gas is brought to the passageway by a pipe 90 When the punching
rod is in its down position as indicated by the dotted line portion 82
in Fig 10, the opening 88 in the rod 73, is out of registry with the
passageway 86 and the flow of air or gas through the opening 88 in the
rod is cut off.
When the rod is in the up position as shown in Figs 10 and 111, the
air or gas may pass through the opening 88 in the rod and through the
passageway:87 which has a plug 91 in one end thereof, and has a
flexible hose 92 connected to the other end The other end of hose 92
is connected by means of a T-connection 93 to passageway 76 in the
punch rod 73 In other words, the air or gas passes from the conduit
pipe 90 through the passageway 86 to the opening 88 in the rod 73 to
the passageway 87 through the flexible hose 92, and up to the
passageway or bore 76 in the punching rod 73 As the punching rod,73
moves downwardly, the air is cut off by the valve action as the
opening 88 in the rod moves out of registry with the passageway 86 and
87.
After an edge wall 24 of the unit has been sealed and the dehydration
hole 25 formed therein, the unit is rotated 900 as the carriage moves
it to sealing station B to place another pair of unsealed edges in
position to be sealed To rotate the glazing unit, the handle 43 on the
end of shaft 42 is used to rotate platen 36 Since at this point the
sheets 21 and 22 are joined along at least one edge thereof, and since
both of the platens 35 and 36 exert vacuum forces upon the glazing
unit, the far platen, 35 may rotate in its bearing mount 3 '8 with the
glazing unit 20 as the platen 36 is rotated.
As the unit begins to enter sealing station B, it passes 'a fusing
burner head 60 which is similar to that shown in station A except that
it is provided with a central row of nozzles 94 (Fig 3) comprising a
plurality of angular disposed individual nozzles 95 located betwneen
side rows of nozzles 64 The centrally disposed nozzles 9 '5 (Fig 5),
which are at an angle with respect to the direction of movement x of
the sheets 21 and 22, direct flames 96 between the unsealed edges of
the sheet which are about to be fused together and upon the inside
area, indicated generally at 97, of the dehydration or breather hole

25 By directing the flames to the inside of the newly formed
dehydration hole, the inner edges of the hole may be fire polished and
any strains 70 or cracks that may have formed along the inside of the
edge wall 24 during the formation of the hole will be eliminated.
1 Upon the fire polishing of the inside of the dehydration hole, the
edges of the sheet which 75 were simultaneously heated to at least
bending temperature, engage another forming tool 61 which bring the
respective edges into fusing contact with one another S imilarly, as
in sealing station A, the sealed edge of the unit is 80 then moved
past a finishing burner 62 to fire polish the newly formed edge wall
24 After leaving the sealing area B, if all of the respective sides of
the unit have been sealed, the conveyor carriage 30 and unit 20 are
moved 85 to an unloading station, not shown, if not, the unit is again
rotated and moved to another sealing sation.
It wvill be apparent that while only two sealing stations have been
shown, that gener 90 ally there will be as many sealing stations as
there are sides of the unit to be sealed For example, if the unit is
rectangular, four sealing stations will be provided and the unit will
be rotated after each of the respective 95 edges has been sealed to
place the remaining aligned unsealed edges of the sheet in position to
be sealed In this connection, it will of course be apparent that the
hole punching means 71 may be placed at any of the sealing 100
stations, depending on the number of dehydraton or breather holes
desired This being the case, generally a fusion burner of the type
indicated at 94 will then be placed at the sealing station following
the location of the hole 105 punching means.
Reviewing now the entire process of this invention by which spaced
sheets of glass may have dehydration or breather holes formed in the
sealed edge portions during the seal 110 ing of the unit, initially
the sheets of glass 21 and 22 are supported in position on the
conveyor carriage 30 by means of platens 35 and 36 The conveyor
carriage then moves the sheets through the respective seal 115 ing
stations A, B, etc, in the furnace to fuse the edge portions together
As the sheets move through station A, a pair of aligned edge portions
are heated to at least bending temperature by fusion burner 60, after
which they are 120 moved into engagement with the forming tool 61: to
bring the edges into fusing contact with one another, and thence past
the finishing burner 62 to remove any surface irregularities.
At this point, after the edge of the unit 125 has been sealed, the arm
80 on the conveyor carriage 30 engages the switch 81 (Fig 6) and
actuates the solenoid 79 to cause the punching rod 73 to move upwardly
and to pierce )the substantially soft sealed edge portions 24 130 with
respect to one another, heating the marginal edge portions of the
glass sheets to fuse the said edge portions together to form sealed

edge walls, and forming an opening through one of said edge walls
while in a semi-soft 70 condition to provide a means of access to the
space between the glass sheets.
2 A method of producing multiple sheet glazing units as 'claimed in
claim 1, wherein the opening is formed by piercing the edge 75 wall
while in la semi-soft condition.
3 A method of producing multiple sheet glazing units as claimed in
claim 1 or 2 wherein fluid pressure is 'applied to the wall of the
opening during the formation of said 80 opening.
4 A method of producing multiple sheet glazing units as claimed in any
of claims 1 to 3 wherein the inner edge of said opening is fire
polished 85 A method of producing multiple sheet glazing units as
claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, which includes reheating an edge
wvall to remove surface irregularities before the opening is formed
therein 90 6 A method of producing multiple sheet glazing units as
claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 wherein the glass sheets are supported
in spaced substantially vertical face-to-face relation 95 7 A method
of producing multiple sheet glazing units as claimed in any of claims
1 to 16, wherein 'a heat source is provided and the glass sheets and
heat source are moved relative to one another during the fusing of 100
the edge portions of the sheets together.
8 PA method of producing multiple sheet glazing units as claimed in
claim 7, wherein.
the glass sheets are moved continuously relative to the heat source
during the fusing of 105 the edge portions thereof together.
9 A method of producing multiple sheet glazing units as claimed in
claims 7 or 8, wherein the glass sheets are sequentially rotated to
bring aligned edge portions thereof into 110 sealing position with
respect to said heat source.
-10 Apparatus for producing multiple sheet glazing units, comprising
means for supporting two sheets of glass in spaced face-to-face 115
relation with respect to one another, means for heating the edge
portions of the glass sheets to enable them to be fused together to
form a sealed edge wall, 'and means for forming an opening in said
edge wall while in a semi 120 soft condition to provide access to the
space between the glass sheets.
11 Apparatus for producing multiple sheet glazing units as claimed in
claim 10, wherein the means for forming the opening in the edge 125
wall includes means for piercing said edge wall while lt is in a
seni-soft condition.
12 'Apparatus for producing multiple sheet glazing units las claimed
in claim 11, wherein fluid pressure means are provided in conjunc 130
as shown in Fig 5 When in the up position, Ithe opening,88 in the rod
73 registers with the passageways 86 and 87 in base 72 and allows air

or gas to flow through the passageways and through the flexible hose
92 to the passageway 76 in the punching rod:73 This fluid under
pressure aids in evenly and neatly piercing the sealed edge If
desired, the holes may be formed without the use of the air or gas
pressures The solenoid '79 is so timed that it is deenergized
immediately upon puncturing the sealed edge wall 24 and is immediately
returned to the inoperative position by spring 83.
Before moving to the sealing area B, the sheets 21 and 22 are rotated
90 by means of crank handle 43 which rotates the shaft 42 and platens
3 '6 and 35 to place another pairof aligned edges of the sheets in
position to be sealed As the unsealed pair of edges begin to pass the
fusion burner 94, the inside of the dehydration hole 25 is subjected
to a fire polishing effect by flames 9 '6 emanating from the central
row of angularly disposed nozzles 95 After passing the fusion burner
head 94, the edges of the sheets 'are brought into fusing contact with
one another by another forming tool 61, and then polished by a
finishing burner 62 In this manner, the sheets are sealed around their
entire peripheries as they are moved through a plurality of sealing
areas of the type indicated by the letters A and B, respectively, and
any number of dehydration or breather holes may be formed in the
sealed edges as described above.
By forming the dehydration or breather holes in the sealed side wall
of the glazing unit substantial advantages are obtained For example,
formation of the holes during the fabrication of the units eliminates
the necessity and cost of drilling such holes in the glass sheets
before they are sealed together.
Moreover, losses in breakage caused by defectively drilled holes, or
by breakage caused by thermal shock when the edges of the sheets are
initially heated during the sealing process is eliminated
Additionally, the placing of ithe dehydration hole in the side or edge
wall portions has the further advantage of placing the seal for the
hole which may be formed of a suitable metal or mastic in a position
where it is less likely to be broken during installation and
subsequent cleaning of the window.
While the invention has been described in connection with the
fabrication of multiple sheet glazing units with the spaced glass
sheets being supported in a vertical position, it will of course be
evident that it is also applicable to the fabrication of such units
where the sheets are supported in a horizontal or other position.
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