The document provides information about various 8-bit microcontrollers including the 8051, PIC, and AVR families. It discusses the original 8051 microcontroller released by Intel in 1981 and its features. It then summarizes the different members of the 8051 family and versions produced by other manufacturers like Atmel. The document also summarizes the different series within the PIC family from Microchip including the baseline, mid-range, enhanced mid-range, and PIC18 architectures. Finally, it discusses the AVR architecture from Atmel and provides details on the tinyAVR, megaAVR, and XmegaAVR families.

2. Mohamed Abd Elahy
Embedded SW Engineer
Tel./010 9 15 77 828
Email/ mhmd.a.elhay@gmail.com

5.  In 1981 , Intel released the 8051, the 1st 8-bit microcontroller .
 It allowed other manufacturers to make alternate versions of 8051
 The main features of 8051 microcontroller are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
RAM – 128 Bytes
ROM – 4Kbytes
UART
Two 16 bit Timer/ Counter
4 I/O Ports
6 Interrupt Sources
8 – bit ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
Harvard Memory Architecture
16 bit Address bus
8 bit Data Bus.
 8051 can execute 1 million one-cycle instructions per second with a
clock frequency of 12MHz.

6.  Intel fabricated the original 8051 which is known as MCS-51.
 The other two members of the 8051 family are:
i. 8052
ii. 8031
Comparison of 8051 family members:
Features
8051
8052
8031
RAM(bytes)
ROM
Timers
Serial port
128
4K
2
1
256
8K
3
1
128
0K
2
1
I/O pins
Interrupt sources
32
6
32
8
32
6

7. AT89C51 from Atmel Corporation
 Atmel fabricated the flash ROM version of 8051.
 it is popularly known as AT89C51 (‘C’ in the part number
indicates CMOS).
Versions of 8951 from Atmel (All ROM Flash)
Part
Number
AT89C51
AT89C52
AT89C1051
AT89C2051
ROM
RAM
I/O pins
Timer
Interrupt
Vcc
Packaging
4K
8K
1K
2K
128
256
64
128
32
32
15
32
2
3
1
3
6
8
3
8
5V
5V
3V
3V
40
40
20
20
AT89LV51
AT89LV52
4K
8K
128
128
32
32
2
3
6
8
3V
3V
40
40

8. AT89C51 from Atmel Corporation
Various Speeds of 8051 from Atmel:
Part Number
Speed
Pins
Packaging
Use
AT89C51-12PC 12MHz
40
DIP Plastic
Commercial
AT89C51-16PC 16MHz
40
DIP Plastic
Commercial
AT89C51-20PC 20MHz
40
DIP Plastic
Commercial
o AT – Atmel
o C - CMOS (consumes less power)
o 12 - Speed as 12 MHz
o P – Plastic DIP packaging
o C - Commercial use
AT89C51-12PC is favourably used by students for projects.

9. DS5000 from Dallas Semiconductor
Versions of 8051 from Dallas Semiconductor
Part No.
RAM
ROM
Timers
I/O pins Interrupts
Vcc
Packaging
DS5000-8
128
8K
2
32
6
5V
40
DS5000-32
128
32K
2
32
6
5V
40
DS5000T-8 128
8K
2
32
6
5V
40
DS5000T-8 128
32K
2
32
6
5V
40
‘T’ signifies the real time clock (RTC)
which is different from the timer.
Even though the power is turned off, the real time clock generates and displays the date
and the time of day.

10. DS5000 from Dallas Semiconductor
Versions of 8051 Dallas Semiconductor
Part Number
DS5000-8-8
DS5000-8-12
DS5000-32-8
DS5000-32-12
NV-RAM
8K
8K
32K
32K
Speed
8MHz
12MHz
8MHz
12MHz
DS5000T-8-12
DS5000T-32-8
8K
32K
12MHz
8MHz
o The part number DS5000-8-8
o 8 - 8K NV-RAM
o 8 – Speed of 8MHz.
 DS5000-8-12 is favourably used by students for their projects.

12. Microchip Vs. General instrument &PIC
• PIC microcontroller was developed by General Instruments in 1975.
• PIC was developed General Instruments was testing its 16-bit CPU
CP1600.
• CP1600 was a good CPU but it had low I/O performance.
• In 1985, General Instruments converted their Microelectronics
Division to Microchip.
• PIC stands for Peripheral Interface Controller.

13. Microchip &PIC
 Since 1998, Microchip developed new high performance uc. &
enhanced peripherals.
 PIC microcontroller is based on Harvard architecture.
 PIC microcontrollers are widely used for industrial purpose .
 It is very famous among hobbyists due to
• moderate cost
•
easy availability of its supporting SW & how tools like compilers,
simulators etc.

14.  The 8-bit PIC microcontroller is
divided into following four
categories :
1. Base Line PIC
2. Mid-Range PIC
3. Enhanced Mid-Range PIC
4. PIC18

15. Baseline Architecture
PIC10, PIC12, PIC16

16. 1-Baseline Architecture
• The least complex PIC microcontrollers.
• 12-bit instruction architecture
• Smallest and cheapest PICs
• Available with 6 to 40 pin packaging.
• Replaced the traditional ICs like 555, logic gates etc.
• includes the PIC10F family and portions of the PIC12 and PIC16
families.

17. Mid-Range Architecture
PIC10, PIC12, PIC16

18. 2-Mid range Architecture
 small package footprints.
 14-bit instruction architecture
 work up to 20 MHz speed.
 Available with 8 to 64 pin packaging.
 Available with different peripherals:
ADC, PWM, Op-Amps and different communication protocols like USART, SPI,
I2C (TWI), etc.
 Includes PIC12 and PIC16 families
 Available with Flash and OTP program memory options.
 The Flash products operate with voltage range of 2.0V to 5.5V.

19. 3-Enhanced Mid range Architecture
 Enhanced version of Mid-Range core.
 Provides additional performance.
 Greater flash memory
 High speed at very low power consumption.
 includes multiple peripherals and supports protocols :
USART, SPI, I2C and so on.

20. PIC18 Architecture

21. 4-PIC18 Architecture



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
16-bit instruction architecture
The highest performer among the all 8-bit PIC families.
Available With 18 to 80-pin package options.
10 MIPS operating performance
integrated with new age communication protocols:
USB, CAN, LIN, Ethernet (TCP/IP protocol).
supports the connectivity of Human Interface Devices :
Segmented LCDs & mTouch Touch Sensing
The two-stage instruction pipeline

22. 4-PIC18 Architecture
PIC18 J-Series
PIC18 K-Series
12 MIPS
16 MIPS
2.0-3.6V
Emulated EE in Flash
1.8-5.5
EEPROM
Typically Lower Cost for
Equivalent Products
Slightly Higher Cost for
Equivalent Products

23. Base Line
Mid-Range
6-40
Up to 3 KB
PIC18
8-64
Up to 14 KB
Enhanced MidRange
8-64
Up to 28 KB
18-100
Up to 128 KB
Up to 134 Bytes
Up to 368 Bytes
Up to 1.5 KB
Up to 4 KB
Instruction
Length
No. of
instruction set
12-bit
14-bit
14-bit
16-bit
33
35
49
83
Speed
5 MIPS
5 MIPS
8 MIPS
Up to 16 MIPS
Feature
• Comparator
• 8-bit ADC
• Data Memory
•Internal Oscillator
In addition of
baseline
· SPI
· I2C
· UART
· PWM
· 10-bit ADC
· OP-Amps
In addition of Midrange
· High Performance
· Multiple
communication
peripherals
In addition of
Enhanced Midrange
• CAN
• LIN
• USB
• Ethernet
• 12-bit ADC
Families
PIC10,PIC12, PIC16
PIC12, PIC16
PIC12F1XXX,
PIC16F1XXX
PIC18
No. of Pins
Program
Memory
Data Memory

25. Memory variations:
The PIC microcontrollers are available with different memory options
which are mask ROM, EPROM and flash memory.
Different symbols as given in the following table
Symbol
C
CR
F
Memory Type
EPROM
Mask ROM
Flash memory
Example
PIC16Cxxx
PIC16CRxxx
PIC16Fxxx
 PIC available with extended voltage ranges which reduce the frequency
range.
 The operating voltage range of these PICs is 2.0-6.0 volts.
 The letter ‘L’ is included in controller’s name to denote extended voltage
range controllers.
 For example, PIC16LFxxx (Operating voltage 2.0-6.0 volts).

26. PIC Microcontrollers with LCD
Microchip’s new series of PIC microcontrollers with on-chip LCD driver
control
LCD PIC Microcontrollers
High Performance
Mid-Range
PIC18F6390
PIC18F8390
PIC16F913
PIC18F63J90
PIC18F83J90
PIC16F914
PIC18F6490
PIC18F8490
PIC16F916
PIC18F64J90
PIC18F84J90
PIC16F917
PIC18F65J90
PIC18F85J90
PIC16F946

27. PIC with Integrated USB
Device Family
PIC18F2450
PIC16C745
PIC18F2455
PIC16C765
PIC18F2550
PIC18F4450
PIC18F4455
PIC18F4550

28. PIC with Ethernet
Ethernet Family
PIC18F66J60
PIC18F66J65
PIC18F67J60
PIC18F86J60
PIC18F86J65
PIC18F87J60
PIC18F96J60
PIC18F96J65
PIC18F97J60

29. PIC with CAN
Device Family
PIC18F4685
PIC18F66K80

31.  Also known as Advanced Virtual RISC.
 The AT90S8515 was the first microcontroller
which was based on AVR architecture.
 The first microcontroller to hit the commercial
market was AT90S1200 in the year 1997.

32.  Atmel have a big world of 8-bit and 32-bit RISC MCU families.
 From lowest cost tinyAVR to high performance megaAVR or AVR XMEGA
family
 From 16 MIPS up 32 MIPS with pin counts from 8 up to 100 pins.
 Flash memories from 1K up to 256K are available.

33. Atmel tinyAVR



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Less memory
small size
low power consumption
internal RC Oscillator
integrated EEPROM
A/D Converter
On-Chip 8-bit/16-bit timers and Watchdog
High Frequency PWM with PLL
On-Chip debug interface (debug WIRE)
suitable only for simpler applications.

34. Atmel tinyAVR

35. Atmel MegaAVR
•
These are the most popular ones
•
having good amount of memory (upto 256 KB)
• higher number of inbuilt peripherals
o 10-bit A/D converter
o USART, SPI and TWI compliant serial interfaces
o On-Chip 8-bit/16-bit timers and Watchdog
o 8 x 8 Hardware Multiplier
o On-Chip debug through JTAG or (debugWIRE)
• suitable for moderate to complex applications.
•
integrated EEPROM
•
Package range from 28-pin to 100-pin

36. Atmel MegaAVR

37. Atmel XMegaAVR
 Used for complex applications.
 up to 32 MIPS.
 Memory size range from 16 to 384 KB of Flash
 the CPU can spend less time handling peripherals and even more time
in sleep mode.
 suited for:
 a variety of applications including audio systems, ZigBeeR, power tools,
medical , board controllers, networking, metering,
 optical transceivers, motor control, white goods and any battery
powered product.

38. Atmel Xmega AVR
Event System
 communication without CPU or DMA usage.
 This ensures 100% predictable and short response time.
 Up to 8 simultaneous events or interrupt conditions
DMA Controller
 4-channel DMA Controller .
 handles transfers data between all combinations of data
memories and peripherals independent CPU .
Real 12-bit ADC and DAC






high-speed 12-bit analog peripherals.
Capable of up to 2 Msps,
Since XMEGA also features
two 12-bit DAC with up to 1 Msps
four analog comparators,
XMEGA microcontrollers have leading analog
integration.

39. Atmel Xmega AVR

42. AVR with LCD
Product
EEPROM
RAM (Bytes) LCD
(Bytes)
ATmega169(P)(A)
512
1K
4x25
ATmega329(P)(A)
1K
2K
4x25
ATmega649(P)(A)
2K
4K
4x25
ATmega3290(P)(A)
1K
2K
4x40
ATmega6490(P)(A)
2K
4K
4x40

43. AVR with CAN
The CAN AVR devices range from 32 K to 128 K Byte flash memory.
AVR with Can driver
Product
ATmega32C1
ATmega64C1
AT90CAN32
AT90CAN64
AT90CAN128

44. AVR with USB
Product
AT90USB646
AT90USB1286
AT90USB647
AT90USB1287
ATmega16U4
ATmega32U4
ATmega8U2
ATmega16U2
ATmega32U2
AT90USB162
AT90USB82