1. Joints and Fractures (pg 10)

2. Types of Joints
1. Synarthroses: Immovable joints. Example:
sutures of the skull

3. Types of Joints
1. Synarthroses: Immovable joints. Example:
sutures of the skull
2. Amphiarthroses: Slightly movable joints.
Bones are connected by cartilage. Examples:
Ribs and sternum, symphysis pubis, vertebrae

4. Types of Joints
1. Synarthroses: Immovable joints. Example:
sutures of the skull
2. Amphiarthroses: Slightly movable joints.
Bones are connected by cartilage. Examples:
Ribs and sternum, symphysis pubis, vertebrae
3. Diarthroses: Freely movable joints. Most
common type

5. Diarthroses (Synovial) Joints
• Ends of bones are covered with articular
cartilage

6. Diarthroses (Synovial) Joints
• Ends of bones are covered with articular
cartilage
• Bones are separated by a space called the
synovial cavity, which is filled with synovial
fluid for lubrication

7. Diarthroses (Synovial) Joints
• Ends of bones are covered with articular
cartilage
• Bones are separated by a space called the
synovial cavity, which is filled with synovial
fluid for lubrication
• Some diarthroses have a cartilage pad called a
meniscus and/or fluid-filled sacs between the
skin and the bone called bursae

8. Ligaments of the knee
Knee is the largest and most complex joint in the
body

9. Ligaments of the knee
Knee is the largest and most complex joint in the
body
1. Patellar ligament: extends from patella to
tibia. Strengthens anterior surface

10. Ligaments of the knee
Knee is the largest and most complex joint in the
body
1. Patellar ligament: extends from patella to
tibia. Strengthens anterior surface
2. Popliteal ligaments: strengthen posterior
surface

11. Ligaments of the knee
Knee is the largest and most complex joint in the
body
1. Patellar ligament: extends from patella to
tibia. Strengthens anterior surface
2. Popliteal ligaments: strengthen posterior
surface
3. Medial and lateral collateral ligaments (MCL
and LCL): Strengthen the sides of the joint

12. Ligaments of the knee
Knee is the largest and most complex joint in the
body
1. Patellar ligament: extends from patella to tibia.
Strengthens anterior surface
2. Popliteal ligaments: strengthen posterior surface
3. Medial and lateral collateral ligaments (MCL and
LCL): Strengthen the sides of the joint
4. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL): Extends from
tibia to femur. Prevents anterior sliding of the
tibia. 70% of serious knee injuries involve the
ACL

13. Ligaments of the knee
Knee is the largest and most complex joint in the
body
1. Patellar ligament: extends from patella to tibia.
Strengthens anterior surface
2. Popliteal ligaments: strengthen posterior surface
3. Medial and lateral collateral ligaments (MCL and
LCL): Strengthen the sides of the joint
4. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL): Extends from
tibia to femur. Prevents anterior sliding of the
tibia. 70% of serious knee injuries involve the
ACL
5. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL): Prevents
posterior sliding of tibia

15. Fractures
Bone fracture = any break in the continuity of a
bone

16. Fractures
Bone fracture = any break in the continuity of a
bone
1. Partial: Incomplete break, such as a crack

17. Fractures
Bone fracture = any break in the continuity of a
bone
1. Partial: Incomplete break, such as a crack
2. Complete: The bone is broken into two or
more pieces

18. Fractures
Bone fracture = any break in the continuity of a
bone
1. Partial: Incomplete break, such as a crack
2. Complete: The bone is broken into two or
more pieces
3. Closed (simple): Fractured bone does not
break through the skin

19. Fractures
Bone fracture = any break in the continuity of a
bone
1. Partial: Incomplete break, such as a crack
2. Complete: The bone is broken into two or more
pieces
3. Closed (simple): Fractured bone does not break
through the skin
4. Open (compound): Broken ends of bone
protrude through the skin. Increased chance of
infection