1. DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF
DIGITAL MICRO FLUIDIC
BIOCHIP
Presented by :
BENGAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

2. • What is biochip?
• Types of Biochip
• Introduction
• Motivation for Biochip
• Digital Microfluidic Biochip
• Actuation Principle
• Advantages
• Application
• Conclusion

3. Biosensor or bioprocessor that utilizes
technologies of modern Biology and
Electronics in a micro scale.

4.  DNA chip
 Protein chip
 Enzyme chip
 Lab-on-a-chip

5.  Lab-on-chip:
 Systems for performing biomedical analyses
of very small quantities of liquids
 Advantages:
 Fast reaction times
 Low-cost, portable and disposable
 Compactness massive parallelization
high-throughput
 Types:
 Continuous-flow:
enclosed, interconnecting, micron-dimension
channels
 Digital: discrete droplets of fluid across the
surface of an array of electrodes.

6. Classification of Biochip

7.  Transfer conventional biochemical
laboratory methods to lab-on-a-chip
(LoC), or microfluidic biochips
 Potential to revolutionize biosensing,
clinical diagnostics, drug discovery
-Small size and sample volumes
-Lower cost
-Higher sensitivity

8.  Based on precise control of very small volumes
of liquids
 Integrate various fluid-handling functions such as
sample preparation, analysis, separation, and
detection
 Most commercially available microfluidic devices are
continuous-flow
-Permanently etched microchannels, pumps, and
valves
(Duke University)
2002

9.  Digital microfluidic biochips (DMBs)
-Manipulate discrete droplets (smaller volumes)
-Electrical actuation
-No need for cumbersome micropumps and
microvalves
-Dynamic reconfigurability (virtual routes)
-Architectural scalability and greater automation
Fig. 2. (a) Basic cell used in an EWOD-based digital micro
fluidic biochip; (b) a two-dimensional array for digital
micro fluidics [Pollack 2001].

10.  Droplets containing samples
travel inside filler medium
(e.g., silicone oil), sandwiched in
between glass plates
 Bottom plate – patterned array
of control electrodes
 Top plate – continuous ground
electrode
 Surfaces are insulated (Parylene)
and hydrophobic (Teflon AF)
 Droplet transport occurs by
removing potential
on current electrode, applying
potential on an adjacent
electrode
 Interfacial tension
gradient created

11. Fig. 4. Side-view of digital micro fluidic platform with a conductive
glass top plate (left). Materials and construction of the actuator
(right). By adding a conductive top plate and adding individually
addressed buried electrodes in the bottom plate, the droplet can be
actuated from one electrode position to the next by the application of
voltage.

12.  It has no moving parts.
 It requires no channels.
 It controls many droplets independently because
the electro wetting force is localized at the
surface.
 It works with a wide variety of liquids ----- that is,
most electrolytic solution.
 It is compatible with microscopy. Glass substrate
and transparent indium-tin-oxide (ITO)
electrodes makes the chip compatible with
observation from a microscope.
 It is extremely energy efficient ---- using
nanowatts to microwatts of power per transfer.

13.  In most diagnostic and chemical detection
applications, a key challenge is the preparation of
the analyzed for the presentation to the on-chip
detection system.
 In tissue-engineering application, the challenge is
to high-resolution (less than 10 micron) 3D tissue
constructs with embedded cells and growth
factors by manipulating and maintaining live cells
on the chip platform.
 A new application can be introduced, including
detection of airborne sulfates obtained by air
sampling, DNA pyro sequencing, and a biomimetic
manufacturing process for soft-tissue
engineering.
 On-chip assays for determining the concentration
of target analysts is a natural application for
digital micro fluidics.

14. o This technique is faster for analyzing various
components present in blood, urine, split as well
as air born sample.
o Small amount of sample is enough to test various
parameters.
o Small size instrument is also advantages upon
conventional analyzer, which can easily carry and
also goes in spacecraft for diagnosis.
o Cost effectiveness is also an important advantage
over the conventional instrument.
o In a very short time various parameters can be
tested simultaneously from a sample.

15. THANK YOU