NTCA (National Tiger Conservation Authority) was founded by former Prime minister Indira Gandhi to save tiger. This body promotes the conservation on the basis of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972. Project tiger was launched in 1973. Initially 9 suitable habitats were selected later it increased to 47. Objective was to conserve forest and biodiversity, through intensified protection; conservational development and strengthening research activities

1. Wildlife Importance
and Conservation
Dr. Sudesh Rathod
Associate Professor
Dept. of Zoology
B. N. Bandodkar College of Science, Thane

2. Project Tiger

3. Project Tiger 1973
NTCA (National Tiger Conservation Authority) was
founded by former Prime minister Indira Gandhi to
save tiger. This body promotes the conservation on
the basis of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972.
Project tiger was launched in 1973. Initially 9
suitable habitats were selected later it increased to
47.
Objective was to conserve forest and biodiversity,
through intensified protection; conservational
development and strengthening research activities

4. s
• Project tiger biome involves a core
area and buffer area.

5. Principles of PT
• Removal of human intrusion from core area
• Regulation of human activities in the buffer
area.
• To define the Limit of management in habitat
repair and its control.
• Regulation in changes in flora and fauna
• To promote research pertaining to conservation
of wildlife.

6. Financial aspects in PT
• Sponsored by central govt. ministry of
environment and forest (MoEF)
• World Wild Federation (WWF) US$1 Million
• In XII Plan of Central Govt. Rs. 1245 crore were
allocated
• Expenditure 2012-13 - Rs 163.87 crore
• and 2013-14 is Rs 169.48 crore.

7. IRV 2020

8. Project Rhinoceros Indian Rhino
vision
Known as IRV (Indian Rhino Vision) -2020
• Dr. Bibhab (Vaibhav) Talukdar is current project
leader
In Collaboration to
• WWF,
• Assam Forest Dept,
• Bodoland Territorial Council,
• Indian Rhino Foundation
• US fish and Wildlife service

9. Objective of IRV 2020
• Primary goal is to protect rhino from poaching
and habitat destruction.
• To achieve more number of Great one-horned
rhino in State of Assam.
• To spread rhino population of 3000 to about 7
habitats in Assam by 2020

10. Need for IRV 2020
• About 2500 great one-horned rhino were
remained in 2012 in state of Assam in Kaziranga
NP and Pabitora WL sanctuary out of 3,333 world
population.
• Last remaining rhino in Manas NP was killed in
1990s;
• Restored to 10 individuals in 2008
• Saving rhino from poaching, illegal trade, and
habitat destruction

11. IRV2020 Programme objectives
• Anti-poaching and illegal trade
investigations
• Constant monitoring using radio collar
• Translocation of Rhino to more identified
habitats
• Habitat restoration
• Community education and awareness

12. Poaching and illegal trade

13. Radio collaring

14. Rhino translocation

15. Community awareness

16. Ecotourism

17. Ecotourism and history
Eco tourism is fastest growing tourism industry.
It involves nondistructive and nonconsumptive
use of nature.
Ecotourism means travelling to undisturbed and
uncontaminated natural heritage to admire,
enjoy and study the nature and allied things.
Ecotourism not only protects the environment
but also provides earnings to local people thus
ultimately encouraging local population of
humans to protect for their well being

18. History of ecotourism-Roots
• Thresher 1981 declared that wildlife tourism
affects the flora and fauna. Thus it was banned
in Kenya 1977.
• 1988s due to nature documentary like discovery
and national geographic the interest about
forest and coral reefs stimulate in people.
People started visiting Costa Rica and Ecuador
etc.
• This encouraged different tourism agencies to
concentrate on ecotourism.

19. Building blocks of
ecotourism
1. Preservation and conservation of natural
resources
2. Involvement and employment of local
people and maintain the sustainability of
heritage
3. To generate revenues by small communities
and development of infrastructures.
4. Education of local folks and governance.

20. Social and Environmental
Objectives
• Exploiting nature without destructing it
with developed management skills
• Orientation to visitors
• Implement govt policies rules and
regulations
• Local people training, participation and
involvement is important

21. Principles of Ecotourism
• Providing funds and political support for
conservation
• Create awareness in local people and tourists
• Increase income, generate revenue, foreign
exchange, create job opportunity
• Encourage rural and remote area
development
• To initiate infrastructure development

22. Ecotourism in India
• 515 sanctuaries, biosphere reserves,
mangroves, rain forests, deciduous
forests, desert, savannas, mountains etc.
• 7500 km coastal area, backwaters,
beaches, rivers.
• In India ecotourism initiated in 2002
• Agro-tourism

23. Potentials of ecotourism
• Biospheres: Andaman Nicobar,
Nandadevi, Gulf of Mannar, Sundarbans,
Mangroves, Mahanadi delta, Godavari
delta, Ganges delta, Point Calimere in TN,
Coral reefs Andaman, Nicobar,
Lakshadeep
• Himalayas, Aravali, Western Ghats,

24. 1.Ecotourism in Konkan
• MTDC (Maharashtra Tourism Devpt Corpo)
• Beaches….Konkan coast
• Forts: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaja more than 100
forts
• Temples: Ganapatipule, Pavas, Ashtawinayaka
• Waterfalls: Marleshwar, Garambi, Nivali etc
• Kaas plateau: 25 km from Satara; 1000 ha. Plateau
of million flowwrs, UNESCO site 2012;
• Malvani cousine Konkan food

25. 2. Raigad-Pune
• Western Ghats;
• forts,
• waterfalls,
• Beaches: Alibaug, Juhu etc

26. 3. Garhwal
• Situated in 7 districts Deharadun, Haridwar,
Chamoli, Utaarkashi, Pauri, Tehri, and
Rudrapryag.
• Diverse geographical topography, flora and
fauna.
• Four Wl: Govind, Kedarnath, Nandadevi, and
Rajaji.
• SOME OTHER Destinations: Kerala, Jaipur,
Mukteshwar etc.

27. Ecotourism in India
Biosphere Reserves
Mangroves
Coral reefs
Deserts
Mountains and Forests

28. Konkan
Beaches
Waterfalls
Konkan foods
• Forts
• Temples
• Kaas plateau

29. Garhwal ecotourism
• Wildlife
• Govind Wlsanctuary
• Kedarnath Sanctuary
• Nanda Devi NP
• Rajaji NP

30. Some dream destination
Tree of life resort, Jaipur
Coconut lagoon Kerala
Mountain trails of Mukteshwar Uttarakhand

31. Bio Piracy

32. Bio Piracy
• Act of theft in biological resources or
commodity etc. in terms of technology,
genetic resources and traditional
knowledge.
Categories of Bio Piracy
Robinson (2010) 3 types
• Patent based
• Non-patented
• Misappropriate

33. International Law of Bio
Piracy
• International law: after 1994 Council
of Scientific and Industrial Research
(CSIR) developed Traditional
Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL).
India partnered with World
Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO), Geneva, Switzerland.

34. Legal protection
biodiversity
• Cartagena Protocol, 2003; against handling
and using living organisms inappropriately,
causing health threat etc.
• Nagoya Protocol, 2010; right to genetic
modification and its use
• CITES, 1972; flora and fauna within
countries are protected.

35. Cultural values and ethics
• Negative effects and threats of bio piracy
• Overexploitation and extinction of species
• Depletion of biodiversity, destruction of environ.
• Effect on economy of country
• Monopoly and privatization of bio treasures of
country
• Impact on livelihood of aboriginal and public
health, socio-cultural identity and traditional
knowledge of indigenous people.

36. Bio piracy in India
India is a party to the Convention on
Biological Diversity (CBD); Trade –
Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights (TRIPS) with World
trade Organization (WTO).
• 1. Basmati rice patent
• 2. Haldi
• 3. Neem

37. Plant patents
Basmati rice (Oryza sativa)
America Patent number 5663484 sept 2009
• Brand names: Kesmati, texmati ,jasmati
• Neem (Azadiracta indica)
• Margosan-O extarct patented sold to WR
Grace brought back by Indian govt in 2000
• Haldi (Cucuma longa) 1995 US patent no
5401504 backed 1997.

38. Animal Products
Human Chronic Gonadotropins (HCG)
from pregnant woman’s urine.
Patented 1987 by CSIR no 159048

39. Conclusion
• Traditional knowledge plays a
significant role in socio-cultural
activities and it is the right of
indigenous people to posses them.

40. Well-done!!!!
we have finished the
portion
Now start preparing
for your exams
All the best

41. A Big Thank You