The document discusses different types of braking systems used in vehicles. It describes that brakes work by converting kinetic energy of a moving vehicle into heat energy through friction. The main types of brakes are mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, and electric brakes. Hydraulic brakes use liquid pressure in a closed system to apply braking force while pneumatic brakes use compressed air. Disc brakes and drum brakes are common brake types that use pads or shoes to create friction on a rotor or drum respectively to slow the vehicle.

1. BRAKES
BY:
Suman Deka, Batch-F, Roll No-108

2. WHAT IS A BRAKE OR BRAKING SYSTEM?
Brake is an equipment used in automobiles (or
machines) to slow down the vehicle by changing the
kinetic energy into heat energy. Brakes generally apply
friction to change the kinetic energy into heat energy.
FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAKES:
To stop or slow down a vehicle in the shortest possible
distance in case of emergencies.
To control the vehicle to be retained when
descending a hill.

3. TYPES OF BRAKES
A. WITH RESPECT TO THE BRAKE GEAR:
(1) Mechanical Brakes
(2) Power Brakes
B. WITH RESPECT TO NATURE OF POWER EMPLOYED:
(1) Vacuum Brakes
(2) Pneumatic Brakes
(3) Hydraulic Brakes
(4) Hydrostatic Brakes
(5) Electric Brakes

5. Based on the arrangement, Mechanical
Brakes are divided into several types:
(1) Band Brakes
(2) Disc Brakes
(3) Drum Brakes
(4) Cone Brakes

6. DISC BRAKE

7. DISK BRAKES
• Caliper squeezes pads
to create force on the
surfaces of the rotor.
• Used in most
automotive
applications.
• Benefits:
– Simple design
– Self adjusting
– Rotor venting allows
faster heat dissipation

8. WORKING OF A DISC BRAKE

9. DRUM BRAKE

10. DRUM BRAKES
• Expanding shoes create
force on the inner surface
of the drum.
• Used on the rear of some
trucks and SUV’s.
• Self-energizing design
requires less activation
force.
• Require periodic
adjustment.

11. HYDRAULIC BRAKES
The hydraulics brakes are applied by the liquid pressure.
The Pedal force is transmitted to the brake shoe by means of
confined liquid through a system of force transmission. The system
is based upon Pascal’s Principle.
PARTS OF A HYDRAULIC BRAKE SYSTEM
 BRAKE PEDAL
 PUSH ROD
 MASTER CYLINDER
 WHEEL CYLINDER

12. LAYOUT OF A HYDRAULIC BRAKE

13. BRAKE PEDAL
PUSH ROD

14. FIG: BRAKE MASTER CYLINDER

15. PNEUMATIC (OR) AIR BRAKES
An air brake is a conveyance braking system actuated
by compressed air.
The system uses air pressure to charge air reservoirs
(tanks) on the fitted on the system. Full air pressure signals to
release the brakes. A reduction or loss of air pressure signals to
apply its brakes, using the compressed air in its reservoir.
Generally heavy vehicles like trucks, buses, trailers uses
Air Brake system. Modern Railway engines also uses Pneumatic
or Air Brake System.

17. MAIN PARTS OF A PNEUMATIC BRAKING SYSTEM
(1) COMPRESSOR: It draws air from the atmosphere and compresses it for
use.
(2) MAIN RESERVOIR: Storage tank for compressed air and other pneumatic
components.
(3) TRIPLE VALVE: (a) Recharges the auxiliary cylinder.
(b) closes the brake cylinder exhaust and allows the
auxiliary reservoir air to feed into the brake cylinder.
(c) Maintain the air pressure inside the system at any level
desired by the driver.
(4) DRIVERS BRAKE VALVE: The means by which the driver controls the
brake.
(5) FEED VALVE: To ensure the brake pressure remains at required level, a
Feed Valve is connected between the reservoir and Brake Pipe. This valve is
set to a operational pressure.

18. BLOCK LAYOUT OF A PNEUMATIC BREAK SYSTEM
UNLOADER VALVE
AIR-COMPRESSOR
AIR TANK
PRESSURE
HOSE GAUGE
BRAKE VALVE
HAND CONTROL VALVE
SLACK
ADJUSTER
BRAKE CHAMBER

19. SERVO BRAKE
A brake in which the motion of the vehicle is used to increase
the pressure on one of the shoes.
(OR) A brake in which the force applied by the operator is
increased by a power-driven mechanism.
USES:
For a heavy vehicle the force to be applied on the brake pad
by the operator is very high. Thus with the use of the power
generated by the engine this force is increased and transmitted to
the wheels.

20. FIG: CUT MODEL OF A SERVO BRAKE

21. AIR SERVO BRAKE