TYPES OF GARDENS is about different styles of contemporary gardening styles and the nomenclature and their distinguishing features

1. Types of Gardens / parks
Ar. S . Kaalmegh
LAD College

2. GARDEN TYPES
• By country of origin
• By historical empire
1. Byzantine gardens
2. Mughal gardens
3. Persian gardens
4. Roman gardens
• In religion
1. Bahá'í gardens
2. Biblical gardens
3. Islamic gardens
4. Mary gardens
5. Sacred gardens
• Aquascaping
• Back garden
• Baroque garden
• Bog garden
• Bosquet
• Botanical gardens
• Alpinum
• Arboretum
• Palmetum
• Bottle garden
• Butterfly gardening
• Cactus garden
• Charbagh
• Color garden
• Community gardens
• Allotment (gardening)
• Communal gardens
• Garden sharing
• Container garden
• Cottage garden
• Energy-efficient landscaping
• Ferme ornée
• Fernery
• Flower box
• Flower garden
• Forest gardening
• Front garden
• Garden square
• Hanging garden
(cultivation)
• Herb gardens
• Hòn Non Bộ
• Hortus conclusus
• Intercultural Garden
• Keyhole garden
• Kitchen garden
• Knot garden
• Mazes
• Hedge maze
• Turf maze
• Memorial garden
• Monastic garden
• Moon garden
• Moss garden
• Orangery
• Organic horticulture
• Pattern gardening
• Permaculture
• Philosophical
garden
• Physic garden
• Playscape
• Paradise gardens
• Pleasure gardens
• Pollinator garden
• Rain garden
• Raised bed gardening
• Road verge
• Rock gardens
• Roof gardens
• Green roof
• Subtropical climate
vegetated roof
• Rose gardens
• School gardens
• Sculpture gardens
• Sculpture trails
• Sensory garden
• Shade garden
• Shakespeare garden
• Sustainable gardening
• Tea garden
• Telegarden
• Therapeutic garden
• Terrace gardens
• Trial garden
• Tropical garden
• Tropical horticulture
• Underground farming
• Upside-down gardening
• Urban horticulture
• Victory Gardens in Ontario, Canada
(ca. 1943).
• Vertical garden
• Victory garden
• Walled garden
• Water garden
• Wildlife garden
• Window box
• Winter garden
• Xeriscaping
• Zen

3. Landscapes today can be
classified as per :-
• Location == roof top, terrace , Atrium ………..
• Planning == informal, formal ……..
• Treatment == rock, flower, scent ………
• Focus == water , rose……
• Theme /Concept == botanical, sculpture, traffic,
children , music………..
• Style == Japanese, Italian, Mughal…………
• Utility == joggers , herb , spice……………..

4. TYPES
• Wild garden
• Bog garden
• Terrace garden
• Rock gardens
• Herb garden
• Terrariums
• Tray gardens
• Rose garden
• Flower garden
• Scent garden
• Water garden
• Vertical gardens
• Theme parks
• Concept gardens
• Zen gardens
• Knot Gardens
• Style gardens

5. WILD GARDEN
• A wildlife garden is an
environment created by a
gardener that serves as a
sustainable haven for
surrounding wildlife. Wildlife
gardens contain a variety of
habitats that cater to native and
local plants, birds, amphibians,
reptiles, insects, mammals and
so on.
• This is comparatively a recent
style of gardening. The
revolutionary concept of 'wild
garden' was expounded by
William Robinson in the last
decade of the nineteenth
century.

6. WILD / WILDLIFE GARDEN

7. WILD / WILDLIFE GARDEN

8. BOG GARDEN
• A bog garden
employs
permanently moist
soil to create a
habitat for plants
and creatures which
thrive in such
conditions. It may
exploit existing poor
drainage in the
garden, or it may be
artificially created
using pond liners or
other materials to
trap water in the
area.

10. BOG GARDEN

11. WATER GARDEN
• Water gardening is gardening that is concerned with growing plants adapted to
pools and ponds. Although water gardens can be almost any size or depth, they
are typically small and relatively shallow, generally less than twenty inches (50
cm) in depth. This is because most aquatic plants are depth sensitive and require
a specific water depth in order to thrive. The particular species inhabiting each
water garden will ultimately determine the actual surface area and depth required.

12. WATER GARDENS
Idealized natural landscape, gardens at Stourhead, Wiltshire, England,
designed by the owner, Henry Hoare, 18th century.

13. WATER GARDEN

14. A TERRACE / TERRACED
GARDEN
In gardening, a terrace is an element where a
raised flat paved or gravelled section
overlooks a prospect. A raised terrace keeps
a house dry and provides a transition
between the hardscape and the softscape.

15. A TERRACE / TERRACED GARDEN
• Contemporary terrace gardens, in addition to being in the garden and landscape,
often occur in urban areas and are terrace architecture elements that extend out
from an apartment or residence at any floor level other than ground level. They
are often discussed in conjunction with roof gardens, although they are not
always true roof gardens, instead being balconies and decks. These outdoor
spaces can become lush gardens through the use of container gardening,
automated drip irrigation and low-flow irrigation systems, and outdoor
furnishings.

16. TERRACE GARDENS
The benefits to health, aesthetics and environment include:
Reduce indoor temperature by 6- 8 degree and can reduce air conditioning
cost
Reduce overall heat absorption of buildings and insulate the building against
heat and cold
Convenience of safe, pesticide-free, healthy green and fresh vegetables
Conducive to a routine of physical exercise, clean air and being close to nature
Increases amount of oxygen in the air
Reduce sound pollution
Act as a habitat for city-weary birds

17. ROCK GARDENS
• A rock garden, also known as a rockery or
an alpine garden, is a small field or plot of
ground designed to feature and emphasize
a variety of rocks, stones, and boulders.
• The standard layout for a rock garden
consists of a pile of aesthetically arranged
rocks in different sizes, with small gaps
between in which plants are rooted.
Typically, plants found in rock gardens are
small and do not grow larger than 1 meter in
height,[1] though small trees and shrubs up
to 6 meters may be used to create a shaded
area for a woodland rock garden. If used,
they are often grown in troughs or low to the
ground[2] to avoid obscuring the
eponymous rocks. The plants found in rock
gardens are usually species that flourish in
well-drained, poorly irrigated soil.

18. ROOF TOP GARDEN
• Besides the decorative benefit, roof plantings may provide food, temperature
control, hydrological benefits, architectural enhancement, habitats or corridors[1]
for wildlife, recreational opportunities, and in large scale it may even have
ecological benefits

19. ROOF TOP GARDEN

20. ROOF TOP GARDEN
View of ACROS Fukuoka designed by
architect Emilio Ambasz.

21. ROOF TOP GARDEN
Infinity edge pool at Sands Sky Park,
Marina Bay Sands Hotel, Singapore

22. ROOF TOP GARDEN
Sky garden at 20 Fenchurch Street

23. FLOWER GARDEN
• A flower garden or floral
garden is
any garden where flowers are
grown and displayed.
• Flowers bloom at varying times
of the year, and some plants are
annual, dying each winter, the
design of flower gardens can
take into consideration
maintaining a sequence of
bloom and consistent color
combinations through varying
seasons. Besides organizing
the flowers in bedding-out
schemes limited to annual and
perennial flower beds, careful
design also takes the labour
time, and the color pattern of
the flowers into account.

25. SCENT GARDENS
When planning
landscapes , Designers
not only the structure,
form, colour, balance,
but sometimes overlook
another aspect that
makes any garden
delightful: scent.
Although scent is often
associated with flowers,
it can also come from
other parts of the plant
such as leaves and
branches.

26. HERB GARDEN
(contemporary)
Herb garden of National Museum of Nature
and Science Tokyo

27. HERB / KNOT GARDENS
( England and France)

28. FORMAL / INFORMAL AND
WILD GARDENS
• Informal/ natural •Formal
gardens

29. FORMAL GARDENS
• A formal garden is a garden with a clear
structure, geometric shapes and in most
cases a symmetrical layout. Its origin
goes back to the gardens which are
located in the desert areas of Western
Asia and are protected by walls.
• The style of a formal garden is reflected
in the Persian gardens of Iran, and the
monastic gardens from the Late Middle
Ages. It has found its continuation in the
Italian Renaissance gardens and has
culminated in the French formal gardens
from the Baroque period. Through its
design, the garden conveys a sense of
established order and transparency to
the observer.
Formal garden in Hampton
Court Palace

30. FORMAL GARDENS

31. FORMAL GARDENS

32. INFORMAL GARDEN
• The informal style of
gardening is aimed to
imitate nature and strives to
produce a natural effect in a
closed area. In the informal
gardens, geometrical
designs are employed
without insisting on
symmetry. ... Informal
gardens are laid out with
open large lawns, bordered
by clumps of shady trees or
shrubs.

33. Vertical gardens

34. Vertical gardens
 Vertical garden is a new
concept.by Patrick Blanc , a
french botanist.
 The vertical garden is made
possible through a
lightweight system with a
high degree of self-
sufficiency. It enables a large
number of species to grow on
vertical surface, allowing for
variety and artistic freedom in
the design. Each vertical
garden is given a unique
design and mix of species.
The composition of plants
depends on the specific
environment where it will be
built. Its a solution to have a
garden in the small space,to
refresh the atmosphere in a
limited area .

36. Three-story-tall biowall in
Queen's University's
Faculty of Applied Science
building
Beamish-Munro Hall in
Kingston Ontario, Canada
Constructed in 2003, the wall is
composed of tropical plants to
help clean and humidify the
building's air.

37.  A green wall is a wall, either
free-standing or part of a
building, that is partially or
completely covered with
vegetation and, in some cases,
soil or an inorganic growing
medium. The vegetation for a
green façade is always attached
on outside walls; with living
walls this is also usually the
case, although some living
walls can also be green walls
for interior use.
.
For living walls there are
many methods including
attaching to the air return
of the building to help with
air filtration. They are also
referred to as living walls,
biowalls, or vertical gardens.

38. The basics of a Vertical
Garden:
The Frame – for longevity a
metal frame is the best but
treated wood can also be used.
The Backboard – PVC sheets
are preferred but can be
substituted with fine, rigid wire
mesh (preferably stainless
steel).
The Holding Sheet – a thick
sheet of felt will give the best
results but a tough
hessian can also work

39. The frame is basically the support for the
vertical garden. On it, the backboard is
adhered, fastened or riveted and then the
holding sheet is stapled on top of that.
For indoor applications, a well at the bottom
with a continuous feed pump moving the
water back up and then filtering down
through the plants via gravity will work.
The water is usually filled, and refilled
with nutrient, that sustains the plants.
If hanging it outdoors then no need of the
bottom well , just hand watering the
plants with a watering can is fine
Basically, the principles of hydroponics are
used in this technology so no soil is used
for plant growth. Plants are neatly
embedded and suspended into the felt
which becomes its growing medium.
Conclusion
Vertical gardens can be simple or complex
They can offer another dimension to
growing plants or they could become
living works of art that transform
backyards, balconies or patios.
Regardless of focus , a vertical garden is
a real possibility for any home gardener.

40. These vegetation carriers
perform the following functions:--
 Support the growth medium and
vegetation
 Provide water retention and
drainage
 Protect membrane and roof deck
 Act as a filter for excess water
 Distribute water evenly across
panel
Each carrier has a HPDE
drainage board base with a Hemp
base bio blanket bonded to it.
One installed the growth medium
is applied and then the vegetation
planted. Each panel provides one
square metre of green space or
about ten square ft. Minimum of
10 per order.
ELTS easy green

42.  Lighting is an
important
consideration in
particular with
interior wall
applications and
some lighting was
added to this wall at
the lower level under
the stairs. There can
be many micro
climates to consider
when planning a
living wall.
 This residential
project in Los
Angeles is using
grey water as an
irrigation source to
maintain the
vegetation.
 Using a waste
product like grey
water to maintain the
living wall increases
the beneficial impact
of this technology.
Window
dressing
Living walls can
be large or
small,
accentuate a
building
character
and be used in
either interior
or exterior
applications

45. Green walls, also known as living walls,
bio-walls, eco-walls, or vertical gardens,
are walls partially or completely covered
with vegetation. Some include a growing
medium, such as soil, others are grown in
hydroponic systems, a method of growing
plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in
water, without soil. Green walls that require
soil usually feature an irrigation system.
These living walls are found all over the
world and may be indoors or outside,
freestanding or attached to an existing
wall, and come in all shapes and sizes.
But what is it that makes green walls so
fantastic? Following is a list of five green
wall facts that stand out from the rest and
prove that growing vertical is the new way
to grow.
Finally, green walls provide a chance for
greenery in urban settings where other
plantings might not be an option and add
yet another level for designers to look to
when given a space to design.
In the end, green walls can be found
all over the world and can be the
biggest of big or the smallest of
small. All green walls have a few
things in common though. They all
cleanse the air and if outdoors can
provide habitat for animals and
pollinators. In the right conditions,
they can lower energy costs, which
is beneficial for both the building’s
inhabitants and for the city it
occupies.

46. Some other methods

47. Plant art filigree

49. Miniature landscapes

50. TYPES OF MINIATURE
GARDENING TECHNIQUES USED
IN INTERIORS AND SEMI OPEN
SPACES

51. Ancient chinese art of depicting
artistically formed trees, other plants, and
landscapes in miniature.
PENJING ( CHINA )
Shùmù pénjǐng : Tree penjing that focuses on
the depiction of one or more trees and optionally
other plants in a container, with the composition's
dominant elements shaped by the creator through
trimming, pruning, and wiring.
Shānshuǐ pénjǐng : Landscape penjing that
depicts a miniature landscape by carefully
selecting and shaping rocks, which are usually
placed in a container in contact with water. Small
live plants are placed within the composition to
complete the depiction.
Shuǐhàn pénjǐng : A water and land penjing style
that effectively combines the first two, including
miniature trees and optionally miniature figures
and structures to portray a landscape in detail.

53. BONSAI ( JAPAN )
The purposes of bonsai are
primarily
1. contemplation (for the
viewer) and the pleasant
exercise of effort and
ingenuity (for the
grower).[
2. By contrast with other
plant cultivation practices,
bonsai is not intended for
production of food or for
medicine. Instead, bonsai
practice focuses on long-
term cultivation and shaping
of one or more small trees
growing in a container.
a Japanese art form
using trees grown in
containers

54. SAIKAI ( JAPAN)
MINIATURE TRAY
GARDENS
MULTI SPECIES

55. • BONKEI :
• Japanese for "tray
landscape".
• A bonkei is a
temporary or
permanent three-
dimensional
depiction of a
landscape in
miniature,
portrayed using
mainly dry
materials like rock,
papier-mâché or
cement mixtures,
and sand in a
shallow tray.

56. TERRARRIUMS
• Terrariums are usually sealable
glass containers containing soil and
plants, and can be opened for
maintenance to access the plants
inside.
• However, terrariums can also be
open to the atmosphere rather than
being sealed.
• Terrariums are often kept as
decorative or ornamental items.
Closed terrariums create a unique
environment for plant growth, as
the transparent walls allow for both
heat and light to enter the
terrarium.
• The sealed container combined
with the heat entering the terrarium
allows for the creation of a small
scale water cycle.

61. THEMES

62. USE IN INTERIORS

63. TRAY GARDEN

64. Maintenance
• Seasonal clear ups / clean ups.
• Irrigation system checkups and maintenance.
• Fighting parasites and insects.
• Planting Enhancements.
• Indoor plants care.
• Watering of plants as required.
• Cleaning of foliage, planters, and bed aeration
as required.
• Pruning / trimming as required.
• Fertilizer application as required.
• Pest & disease control as required.
• Replacement of plants as required.
• Rubbish collection & disposal from green area.
• Maintenance of existing irrigation system
without spare parts and pump system.
• Other necessary external horticultural practices
A lawn doesn’t
stay beautiful on
its own. Wear
and tear—along
with its harmful
natural and unnatural
causes can ruin a
garden. With proper
care and maintenance,
a property can stay
healthy and beautiful
all year long. These
are the general scope
of horticultural activities
that is necessary in
maintaining a lawn
as well as the
services for
maintenance.

67. THANK YOU………..