2.  Electricity was generated for the first time ever
by a nuclear reactor on December 20, 1951 at
the EBR-I experimental station near Arco,
Idaho in the United States.
 On June 27, 1954, the world's first nuclear
power plant to generate electricity for a power
grid started operations at Obninsk, USSR.
 The world's first commercial scale power
station, Calder Hall in England opened
in October 17, 1956.

3.  Tarapur Atomic Power Station (T.A.P.S.) was the
first nuclear power plant in India. The
construction of the plant was started in 1962 and
the plant went operational in 1969.
 The 320 MW Tarapur nuclear power station
housed two 160 MW boiling water reactors
(BWRs), the first in Asia.
 The Tarapur Plant was originally constructed
by the American companies Bechtel and GE,
under a 1963 123 Agreement between India,
the United States, and the IAEA. The
Tarapur Atomic Power Station is under the
control of Nuclear Power Corporation of India
Limited.

6.  A chain reaction refers to a process in which
neutrons released in fission produce an
additional fission in at least one further
nucleus. This nucleus in turn produces
neutrons, and the process repeats. If the
process is controlled it is used for nuclear
power or if uncontrolled it is used for nuclear
weapons

8.  U235 + n → fission + 2 or 3 n + 200
MeV
 If each neutron releases two more
neutrons, then the number of fissions
doubles each generation. In that case,
in 10 generations there are 1,024
fissions and in 80 generations about 6 x
10 23 (a mole) fissions

13.  A steam turbine is a mechanical device that
extracts thermal energy from pressurized
steam, and converts it into useful mechanical
 Various high-performance alloys and super
alloys have been used for steam generator
tubing.

15.  Steam coming out of the turbine, flows
through the condenser for condensation
and recirculated for the next cycle of
operation.
 The feed pump circulates the condensed
water in the working fluid loop.

16.  Condenser is a device or unit which is used
to condense vapor into liquid.
 The objective of the condenser are to reduce
the turbine exhaust pressure to increase the
efficiency and to recover high quality feed
water in the form of condensate & feed back
it to the steam generator without any further
treatment.

17.  Cooling towers are heat removal devices
used to transfer process waste heat to the
atmosphere.
 Water circulating through the condenser is
taken to the cooling tower for cooling and
reuse

18.  Nuclear power generation does emit relatively low
amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂). The emissions of
green house gases and therefore the contribution
of nuclear power plants to global warming is
therefore relatively little.
 This technology is readily available, it does not
have to be developed first.
 It is possible to generate a high amount of

19.  The problem of radioactive waste is still an unsolved
one.
 High risks: It is technically impossible to build a
plant with 100% security.
 The energy source for nuclear energy is Uranium.
Uranium is a scarce resource, its supply is
estimated to last only for the next 30 to 60 years
depending on the actual demand.

20.  Nuclear power plants as well as nuclear waste
could be preferred targets for terrorist
attacks.
 During the operation of nuclear power plants,
radioactive waste is produced, which in turn
can be used for the production of nuclear
weapons

21.  Nuclear power is the fourth-largest source
of electricity in India after thermal, hydroele
ctric and renewable sources of electricity.
 As of 2010, India has 20 nuclear reactors in
operation in six nuclear power plants,
generating 4,780 MW while five other plants
are under construction and are expected to
generate an additional 2,720 MW.

22.  India's nuclear power industry is
undergoing rapid expansion with plans to
increase nuclear power output to
64,000 MW by 2032. The country is
involved in the development of nuclear
fusion reactors through its participation
in the ITER project and is a global
leader in the development of thorium-
based fast breeder reactors.
