9. Public School Movement
•Rationale?
•In the early 19th century, most American
children received little formal schooling.
Reformers cited informed citizenship
and religious training among the
benefits of increased literacy.
11. Public School Movement
•Details?
•By the 1850’s, all states had some form
of tax-supported schools. They were
most-numerous in the states of the
northeast and most-accessible to white
children.
12. Public School Movement
•Details?
•More practical curricula (reading,
writing, and arithmetic), early textbooks
(McGuffey’s Readers), and better
teacher-preparation became more
widespread.
13. Prison and Asylum Reform
•Goal?
•More humane treatment of prisoners
and the mentally ill.
14. Prison and Asylum Reform
•Rationale?
•To apply Christian principles to the
treatment of social deviants and to
achieve social benefits by stressing
rehabilitation over punishment.
15. Prison and Asylum Reform
•Details?
•Prisons housed social “deviants,”
including criminals and the mentally ill.
Both tended to receive similar
treatment: physical punishment,
restraint, and isolation.
16. Prison and Asylum Reform
•Details?
•One of the most active reformers was
Dorothea Dix, who investigated prison
conditions and raised public awareness
of the need for more enlightened
policies.
17. Prison and Asylum Reform
•Details?
•Dix and other reformers helped improve
the treatment of incarcerated criminals
and establish asylums for the mentally
ill.
20. The Labor Movement
•Details?
•America’s industrial revolution was in its
infancy in the early 19th century, but as
work shifted from the farm to the
factory, industrial labor conditions
became a concern.
22. The Labor Movement
•Details?
•The labor movement had little public
support. Its most important
accomplishments would happen in the
early 20th century.
