Más contenido relacionado
La actualidad más candente (18)
Similar a fatih birol (20)
Más de susanne_connolly (8)
fatih birol
- 1. An outlook for natural gas
Fatih Birol
IEA Chief Economist
22 January 2013
© OECD/IEA 2013
- 2. The context
Foundations of global natural gas markets are shifting
Advances in technology have led to a surge in unconventional gas
supply in North America
Strong divergence in regional gas market conditions & prices
Many countries are lining up to emulate North America’s success;
notably in China, Australia, Latin America & parts of Europe
But concerns remain that production might involve unacceptable
environmental & social damage
Major implications for local communities, land use & water resource
Serious hazards include the potential for air & water pollution
Improperly addressed, these concerns could hold back,
& perhaps halt, the unconventional gas revolution
© OECD/IEA 2013
- 3. De-coupling of regional gas prices
20
$2012/MBtu
18
16
Japan (LNG import)
14
12
10
Europe
(German import)
8
6
4 US (Henry Hub)
2
0
1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012
At its lowest level in 2012, natural gas in the United States traded
at around one-fifth of import prices in Europe & one-eighth of those in Japan
© OECD/IEA 2013
- 4. Canada following the unconventional path
Canadian oil & gas production
10
mboe/d
Unconventional gas
Conventional gas
5
Unconventional oil
Conventional oil
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2035
Production from oil sands & from shale make Canada
one of the pioneers of unconventional resource development
© OECD/IEA 2013
- 5. A United States oil & gas transformation
US oil & gas production
mboe/d 25
20
Unconventional gas
15
10 Conventional gas
Unconventional oil
5
Conventional oil
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2035
The surge in unconventional oil & gas production has implications
well beyond the United States
© OECD/IEA 2013
- 6. A changing power mix
US electricity generation growth, 2006-2011
Natural gas
Renewables
Nuclear
Oil
Coal
-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300
TWh
Over the past 5 years, natural gas & renewables were the main sources of growth
in electricity generation in the United States, with implications for GHG emissions
© OECD/IEA 2013
- 7. Growth in world coal demand, 2011
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
-2%
-4%
-6%
Japan United Russia Latin World Developing European
States America Asia Union
European Union coal demand rose by a historical 7% in 2011,
benefitting from cheap US imports
© OECD/IEA 2013
- 8. Different trends in oil & gas
import dependency
Net oil & gas import dependency in selected countries
Japan
Gas Imports 100%
2010
2035
80%
European Union
60%
40%
20% China
India
United States
0%
Gas Exports 20%
20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Oil imports
Dependence on imported oil and gas rises in many countries,
though the US swims against the tide
© OECD/IEA 2013
- 9. The (gradual) spread of the
unconventional revolution
Unconventional gas production, 2035
United States Shale
China Coalbed methane
Canada
Australia Tight
India
Russia
Argentina
Mexico
Indonesia
Algeria
European Union
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
bcm
Outside Canada & the United States, 80% of anticipated growth
in unconventional gas production takes place after 2020
© OECD/IEA 2013
- 10. Looking to the future, emerging economies
will drive energy demand growth
Share of global energy demand
6 030 Mtoe 12 380 Mtoe 16 730 Mtoe
100% Rest of non-OECD
Non-OECD
Middle East
80%
India
China
60%
OECD
40%
20%
1975 2010 2035
Global energy demand rises by over one-third in the period to 2035,
underpinned by rising living standards in China, India & the Middle East
© OECD/IEA 2013
- 11. The power sector points to the diverse
drivers for gas demand growth
Change in power generation, 2010-2035
Coal Gas Nuclear Renewables
China
India
United States
European Union
Japan
-1 000 0 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000 6 000
TWh TWh
A mixture of factors leads to increased gas use: cheaper gas, nuclear phase-outs,
a desire to diversify the fuel mix, and local and global environmental concerns
© OECD/IEA 2013
- 12. The shifting balance of supply & demand points
to a more globalised market
Major global gas trade flows, 2010
2035
Rising supplies of unconventional gas & LNG help to diversify trade flows,
putting pressure on conventional gas suppliers & oil-linked pricing mechanisms
© OECD/IEA 2013
- 13. Conclusions
Factors on both the supply & demand side pushing gas towards
a higher share in the global energy mix
Changing patterns of gas production & use have profound implications
for global gas trade, with new connections between regional markets
Improperly addressed, social & environmental concerns could
hold back the unconventional gas revolution
Natural gas has a role to play in moving us towards
a low-carbon energy economy
IEA-led high-level forum can address key policy & regulatory issues for
safe & sustainable gas development, building on the “Golden Rules”
© OECD/IEA 2013