3. “Failure To Thrive” Syndrome
1
Bruce D. Perry, Born for Love: Why Empathy Is Essential--and Endangered (2010).
Monographs of the Society For Research In Child Development, The Effects of Early Social-Emotional and
Relationship Experience On The Development of Young Orphanage Children (2008).
4. 1
Yang Claire Yang, Courtney Boen, Karen Gerken, Ting Li, Kristen Schorpp, Kathleen Mullan Harris. Social relationships and
physiological determinants of longevity across the human life span. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016;
201511085 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511085112
=
More
social
ties
Less
chronic
diseas
e
17. Everyone is having their own individual
experience; just because people are
perceiving the same thing, doesn’t mean
they are experiencing the same thing in
the same way.
2
19. At least 90% of all mental
processing occurs
unconsciously.
3
20. John-Dylan Haynes, a neuroscientist at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig, Germany
3
Chun Siong Soon, Marcel Brass, Hans-Jochen Heinze & John-Dylan Haynes. Unconscious determinants of free decisions in the
human brain. Nature Neuroscience April 13th, 2008.
By looking at brain activity while making a
decision, researchers could predict what
choice people would make 7-10 seconds
before they themselves were even aware of
having made a decision.
29. How To Disrupt Memory Firings5
1. There are proteins that facilitate memory formation.
You can take drugs to disrupt the protein, and stop
memories from being formed
2. If you breathe Xenon gas while recalling a memory,
the memory will be erased
3. You can use optogenetics (with a laser) to change
genes, which can turn a memory on or off
30. The Stentrode from DARPA’s Reliable Neural-
Interface Technology (RE-NET) Program
5
31. The goal is to open two-way
communication between the
human brain and modern
electronics
5
33. 5
It’s now possible to influence behavior
with design and technology. We’d all
better figure out the ethical
implications of this quickly -- because
the technology is here.
34. 1. People will use whatever you create to be social
and interact.
2. Everyone is having their own individual
experience.
3. Don’t underestimate the power of the
unconscious.
4. Technology is changing human biology.
5. It’s time to tackle both the design and ethics of
technology that influences behavior.
Final Takeaways
35. “It is far better to
grasp the universe
as it really is than to
persist in delusion,
however satisfying
and reassuring.”
…Carl Sagan
Failure To Thrive Symptoms: weight loss, inactivity, lack of interaction, impaired cognitive functions, potential death
The Monograph was a study of studies, looked at 286 other studies
We react with brain chemicals, we have stress chemicals, oxytocin, it’s not just a social interaction, it’s a biochemical processes
When you don’t have enough social connection, the body goes into a high stress mode, and the high levels of stress hormones turn off the immune system. And that’s how you die.
In some orphanages where babies were not getting social connection (no physical touch, no social interaction), 1/3rd babies in orphanages die, and half of the ones that live develop life long mental and physical illnesses.
“When an infant falls below the threshold of physical affection needed to stimulate the production of growth hormone and the immune system, his (or her) body starts shutting down.” (Born for love book)
"Social networks as important as exercise, diet across the span of our lives: Researchers show how social relationships reduce health risk in each stage of life." (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 4 January 2016. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/01/160104163210.htm>.)
Every time you have a memory of an event, you recreate it. It’s not stored anywhere. And you throw all sort of things that never happened.
Glasses flip upside down
Peripheral vision, blind spot, Pennies, jet engine
The image projected by your retna is upside down.
Your brain takes this and makes it look normal.
What happens if you looked at everything upside down?
The image projected by your retna is upside down.
Your brain takes this and makes it look normal.
What happens if you looked at everything upside down?
ruth rosenholtz, MIT Computer science and artificial intelligence lab (blurry but directs where to look)
They decided to update the map, design contest
Won by Michael Kvrivishvili (from Moscow), had never even been to boston
Key is geographical inaccuracy
Here is the peripheral vision test again
Notice it is much more pleasing, you lose less info in peripheral vision, which is why it’s a better map
ruth rosenholtz, MIT Computer science and artificial intelligence lab (blurry but directs where to look)
When you retrieve a memory, it’s like playing a video clip, like we’re accessing a file and playing it back. Right??
Like Inside Out
This is wrong
A memory is a pattern of neuron firings
When we retrieve a memory, we recreate the “neuron memory trace” (the pattern of neuron firings)
As you’re recreating a memory, it’s common and easy to have other neurons firings tag along, or drop out
It seems like it’s accurate, but what we remember is just a shadow of the event
Everything is
We can see your decision 7 seconds ahead of time
Explain the meme in story form (unconcious is doing work, send good ideas up to concious)
System 2, drivers of motivation and decisions, mental models? Rationalize go get a drink of whater
So we all read
But there are a lot of areas of the brain dedicated to something
But reading is new. When we learn to read, we steal bits and pieces from other parts of the brain
This is called neuroplasticity
Our brains are changing to respond to the new way that humans are reading
They read up to a max of 60% of online material
We don’t read as deeply, we skim and scan
If we’re going to share, we do it 25% through, or at the end
This isn’t good or bad, it just is (regular reading changed our brains, people said it was the end of civilization)
Neuroplasticity
You can transform your brain (see with your tounge)
Propranolol is the drug that disrupts the protein
Lonergan, et.al., Propranolol’s effects on the consolidation and reconsolidation of long-term emotional memory in healthy participants: a meta-analysis. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2013 Jul; 38(4): 222–231 doi: 10.1503/jpn.120111
Xenon Gas Research:
Milad, M. R., Rosenbaum, B. L., & Simon, N. M. (2014). The Neuroscience of Fear Extinction. Neuroscience, 62, 17–23
The laser can even be used outside of the brain, no implant involved (has not been done with humans for obvious reasons)
Chuong, et.al., Noninvasive optical inhibition with a red-shifted microbial rhodopsin. Nat Neurosci. 2014 Aug;17(8):1123-9. doi: 10.1038/nn.3752.