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Ruben Massarelli - Challenge of managing human waste in high altitude, Aconcagua
1. Challenge of managing humanChallenge of managing human
waste in high altitude.waste in high altitude.
Case study of the AconcaguaCase study of the Aconcagua
Provincial Park.Provincial Park.
Sustainable Summits Conference
July 20-24, 2014
Rubén Massarelli
4. Climate
•Cold and dry (above 4000m below 0°C)
•Freezing days all year round
•Strong winds (200 km/h)
•Mountain rivers
•Under ground water
•Glacier lakes
•Wetlands in meadows
Climate
•Cold and dry (above 4000m below 0°C)
•Freezing days all year round
•Strong winds (200 km/h)
•Mountain rivers
•Under ground water
•Glacier lakes
•Wetlands in meadows
Geology and Soils
U- shaped valleys, moraine deposits
Mountain glaciers
Thin soils, sandy loam
Meadows soils: rich in organic matter
Geology and Soils
U- shaped valleys, moraine deposits
Mountain glaciers
Thin soils, sandy loam
Meadows soils: rich in organic matter
5. Climbing Season
15 Nov – 15 Mar
Day treking (1 Day)
Short Trekking (3 Days)
Long Trekking (7 Days)
Climbing (20 Days)
70 % Horcones Valley
30 % Vacas Valley
Season 2013-2014
3.056 Climbers
2.480 Trekkers
7. Front country toilets
•leaching field is in a alpine meadow
•New Sistem for water extraction – connected to general
pipe.
•Visitor Center
•50.000 visitors (in summer)
•700 people day
•Toilets, shower and dishwasher• Information –Tickets sales
• Check In – Check Out
• Plastic Bag delivery (for rubbish)
8. Mid altitude toilets
toilets, shower and dishwashes
exits connected to the septic
tank.
•chemical products (liquids) affect
the pit absorption capacity= new
pits constructed
• lixiviation to the soil
• pollution of under ground water
and river
septic tank pit
9. 4
Toilets base camps
•Each company has its own bathroom (some has 2)
•We try to take the barrels in pairs (because the weight)
•The barrels are left in a temporary deposit
11. 1
2
3
Why is a challenge?
No money from government (NO budget)
Aconcagua produces 98% money for all sistem (16 NPA). Around U$S 1.500.000
$ Only 3 NPA collect money
Mendoza has 16 natural protected
areas.
The money is for: fuel, food, vehicles,
uniforms, personnel, helicopter,
doctors, tools, etc.
1 Aconcagua Provincial Park
2 Diamante Lagoon
3 Las brujas Cavern
12. Why is a challenge?
Limited resources
2 Vehicles
10 Park Rangers
30 asistants
(Limited training)
16 Rescue patrols (Only for victims in the mountains)
22 Doctors
240 Hours of helicopter
•Tourist assistance
•Patrol
•Research assistance
•Supervise camps
•Interpretation
•Safety and law enforcement
•Work with helicopter
•etc
•Staff relay
•Medical care
•Logistics
•Take out of
garbage and human
waste
•Search and Rescue
1 Person for mules control
13. Why is a challenge?
Management plan has not ended - No study of capacity -
14. No income limit for climbers or mules
Why is a challenge?
Climbers Mules
16. •Take out 13.800 Kg of rubbish
•Begin to separate liquid from
solids in base camps bathrooms
17. •100 Days stay in high camps•259 Patrols = 460 Kg High camps garbage
18. •Mules control in both entries
•52 New Signs
"Other than respect and affection, mountains DO NOT need any of your
belongings. Please, take your rubbish with you"
•Implementation of good practices
70.000 hecteres in total, declared in 1983, two main valleys Horcones and Vacas, 4500m altitudinal difference.
Aconcagua Provincial Park is located in the Central Andes of Argentina, South America. The Park includes the highest peak in the Western Hemisphere, Mt. Aconcagua 6962 m, which attracts mountaineers and trekkers from all around the globe. It was declared protected area in 1983 and has park ranger’s presence since 1990. With an altitudinal range of more than 4500 m, it covers 70,000 hectares of the High Andes Ecoregion. It is characterized by a cold, dry climate with snow cover for more than 7 months of the year. Above 4100 m temperatures are below 0 °C all year round. There are two main valleys in the Park (Horcones and Vacas) and a total of 12 campsites from 2400 m up to 6300 m. All campsites are only accessed by foot, with transport of equipment and food done mainly by mules. All logistics, waste evacuation and rescue operations are undertaken by helicopter.
Freezing days all year round above and below 4000m