A policy perspective on Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS)

Introduction1
Overview of main policy context for BACS2
Policy examples of BACS in EED, GPP, ED/ELR3
EPBD + Smart Readiness Indicator for buildings4
Conclusions
Q&A
5
6

Speakers
Stijn Verbeke
stijn.verbeke@vito.be
Paul Van Tichelen
paul.vantichelen@vito.be
Senior researchers and project managers at VITO/Energyville
www.vito.be or www.energyville.be

• WE MAKE BELGIUM AND
THE WORLD MORE
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Energyville is a top research institute on sustainable energy system for large urban areas. Energyville’s
300 researchers develop new technology, knowledge and methodologies, resulting in new products
and services, development of human capital, and science-based policy support from local to global
level.

Defined in European and International standards as
“comprising all products and engineering services for automatic controls (including interlocks), monitoring,
optimization, for operation, human intervention and management to achieve energy–efficient, economical
and safe operation of building services”.
In practice, a wide range of services related to systems that provide
 A wide range of heterogeneous product type  Hence, a link to wide range of policy initiatives
Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS)
What are they?
• Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC)
• domestic hot water (DHW)
• Lighting
• Electrical power distribution
• Metering
• Technical building management
• Access control
• Security
• Fire safety
• etc.

• Energy Performance of Buildings Directive(EPBD) (2010/31/EU): is the EU's main
legislative instrument promoting the improvement of the energy performance of
buildings within Europe and providing a stable environment for investment
decisions to be taken.
• The amended EPBD (EU) 2018/844 (June/2018)
• Ecodesign Directive (ED) (Directive 2009/125/EC)
= Framework to set mandatory minimum requirements on performance or
information via Implementing Measures specified in EU Regulation on
products/systems
Overview of the main EU policy context for BACS (1/2)
o Article 8 is reviewed and now defines a Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI) for buildings
o Also other articles have been reviewed e.g. related to renovation and inspection of heating systems

• Energy Labelling Regulation (ELR) (Regulation (EU) 2017/1369)
Energy labels help consumers choose energy efficient products
• Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) (2012/27/EU).
Establishes a set of measures to help the EU reach its 20% energy efficiency target
by 2020. Under the Directive, all EU countries are required to use energy more
efficiently from production to final consumption
• Green Public Procurement (EC Communication COM (2008) 400)
a voluntary instrument and provides guidance for public procurement.
Other benefits: If an incentivising policy framework for EU-wide BACS deployment
were to be adopted, there is a potential net employment creation benefit of 1.3 to
2.1 million jobs by 2030 across the EU.
Overview of the main EU policy context for BACS (2/2)

Overlay of all EU product policy instruments
(source: EC JRC – note this excludes some instruments applying to installed systems)

• EU countries must draw-up long-term national building renovation strategies which
can be included in their National Energy Efficiency Action Plans = much room for
local policy.
• It is a framework for promoting the EU 2020 energy efficiency target (20%)
• It requires Energy audits for large companies (article 8) which can be done with
Building Automation system (country specific requirements) and needs to be
carried out every 4 years
• For SMEs set up support schemes and promotion for energy audits, training for
energy audits
For BACS, it can go beyond purchase/install and therefore benefit from fine tuning.
Regular audits, training, promotion fit in the EED policy framework
Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) – BACS examples

Green Public Procurement (GPP) – BACS examples
• Helps public authorities to procure (purchase) green products in for example
public tenders ≠ the cheapest product that fullfill a set of criteria.
• BACS are covered by the EU GPP Criteria for Office Building Design, Construction
and Management (2016), contains:
• Direct Technical specifications (performance requirements) for: Lighting control systems (B2),
Building energy management system((B3) (e.g. real time information with half hourly
metering..)
• Indirect BACS AWARD CRITERIA based on EPC (kWh/(y.m²), hence BACS on the condition that
EPBD takes them into account in their calculations.

• Policy measures in ED - framework to set regulation/acts:
• Product level measures, such as: minimum eco-design performance
limits (e.g. control accuracy), minimum ecodesign compatibility
requirements, and information requirements.
• System level measures, such as: a system labelling similar to an
installer label and compatibility requirements for products installed
within technical building systems
Implementing Measures/Acts under the Ecodesign
Directive(ED) – BACS examples

• Existing examples related to BACS are:
• Classification of temperature controllers
• Supplement to package label Regulation (EU) for space heaters,
combination heaters and packages.
• Smart control factor in hot water storage tanks.
Implementing Measures/Acts under the Ecodesign Directive (ED)
)/Energy Labelling Regulation(ELR) – BACS examples

» To harvest more energy saving potential from BACS a new study is launched to
explore more possibilities for BACS related products under ED/ELR -
https://ecodesignbacs.eu/welcome
» Currently, a new exploratory report describing new possibilities for BACS ED/ELR is
available.
» Based on the report and the input received from stakeholders, the EC will launch
the full preparatory study (2019-2020)
» Based on this study new (reviewed) IM/acts under ED/ELR can be expected > 2020
Implementing Measures/Acts under the Ecodesign
Directive(ED)/Energy Labelling Regulation(ELR) – BACS examples

• Energy Performance Certificates (EPC)
for buildings being constructed, rented or sold
• Inspection schemes for heating and air conditioning systems
• EU member states must set minimum energy performance requirements
• for new buildings
• for major renovation of buildings >1000m²
Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD)
(2002/91/EC)
2002
EPBD
publication
2006
DeadlineMS
application
Highlights

• Cost-optimal minimum energy performance requirements
• Extension requirements of EPC and heating and cooling system inspections
• All new buildings must be nearly zero-energy buildings by 31 December 2020
(public authority buildings by 31 December 2018)
Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
2010 EPBD RECAST (2010/31/EU)
2002
EPBD
publication
2006
DeadlineMS
application
2010 2019 2021
Highlights
EPBDrecast
Newpublic
buildingsNZEB
Allnew
buildingsNZEB

Note: significant variety in EPC implementation and methodologies across member states.
Currently, some national (and regional) implementations of the EPC already take into
account some BACS effects
e.g. some EPC calculation methodologies can
• take into account the effect of smarter room temperature regulation
• assess the energy benefits of daylight compensated artificial lighting control
e.g. relying on EN 15232 standard (Energy Performance of Buildings – Impact of Building Automation,
Controls, and Building Management) , part of EPBD calculation framework
Simplified approach, using four different BAC efficiency classes (A, B, C, D)
BACS in current EPC regulations

• National long-term renovation strategies
• Smart technologies will be further promoted
e.g. requirements on self-regulating devices that regulate temperature at room or zone level
e.g. permanent system performance monitoring as alternative to heating system inspection
e.g. recharging points for electric vehicles
• Introduction of a Smart Readiness Indicator for buildings
Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
2018 (2018/844/EU)
Highlights
2002
EPBD
publication
2006
DeadlineMS
application
2010 2019 2021
EPBDrecast
Newpublic
buildingsNZEB
Allnew
buildingsNZEB
2018
AmendedEPBD

10. The Commission shall, by 31 December 2019, adopt a delegated act in accordance with
Article 23, supplementing this Directive by establishing an optional common Union scheme
for rating the smart readiness of buildings. The rating shall be based on an assessment of the
capabilities of a building or building unit to adapt its operation to the needs of the occupant
and the grid and to improve its energy efficiency and overall performance.
In accordance with Annex Ia, the optional common Union scheme for rating the smart
readiness of buildings shall:
(a) establish the definition of the smart readiness indicator; and
(b) establish a methodology by which it is to be calculated.

“Smart readiness” aspects in scope of SRI
the ability to adapt its operation mode in response to the
needs of the occupant while paying due attention to the
availability of user-friendliness, maintaining healthy
indoor climate conditions and the ability to report on
energy use
e.g. use of CO2 sensors to decide when to increase
ventilation
e.g. Dashboards displaying current and historical
energy consumption
1

the ability to maintain energy performance
and operation of the building through the
adaptation of energy consumption for
example through use of energy from
renewable sources;
e.g. Management of heating and lighting system
based on occupancy sensors
e.g. Load-shifting to increase self-consumption of
local generated renewable energy
2

the flexibility of a building’s overall electricity demand,
including its ability to enable participation in active and
passive as well as implicit and explicit demand
response, in relation to the grid, for example through
flexibility and load shifting capacities
e.g. Reduce power consumption when grid demand is high
3

SRI technical support study
Final report available at www.smartreadinessindicator.eu
Verbeke S., Waide P., Bettgenhäuser K., Uslar M.; Bogaert S. et al.;
“Support for setting up a Smart Readiness Indicator for buildings and
related impact assessment - final report”; August 2018; Brussels
AIM
Provide technical support to the DG Energy in order
to feed the negotiations and decision process
regarding (potentially) setting up a ‘Smart Readiness
Indicator for Buildings’

The following slides contain extracts from the SRI technical support
study. The information and views set out in this study are those of
the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of
the Commission. Additional technical studies are planned and
consultation with stakeholders will continue to be an essential part
of the process towards the establishment of the SRI.

Proposed SRI methodology
I. Determine the individual smart ready services present in a building
II. Assess the impact score of the service according to various impact criteria
III. Weigh the impacts to an overall score using a multi-criteria assessment method

Example building: EnergyVille I office, Genk, Belgium

FACTSHEET
Construction Nov 2013 – June 2016
Inauguration 22 September 2016
Location Genk, Belgium
(Thor science and business park on abandoned coal mine site)
Architect Atelier Kempe Thill
Building usage Office + laboratory for 250 EnergyVille researchers
“Living lab”

• STEP 1: Triage: which smart ready services are
relevant for this building?
For the EnergyVille I building, 44 services
remain to be assessed after the triage
e.g. if there is no domestic hot water storage, services on controlling such
storage are irrelevant for this building

• STEP 1: Triage: which services are relevant for this building?
e.g. if there is no DHW, there is no need to inspect how this is controlled
• STEP 2: assess the functionality level of each service
example:
Service
Functionality level
0 (as non-smart
default)
Functionality level
1
Functionality level
2
Functionality level
3
Functionality level
4
Occupancy control
for indoor lighting
Manual on/off
switch
Manual on/off
switch + additional
sweeping extinction
signal
Automatic detection
(auto on / dimmed
or auto off)
Automatic detection
(manual on /
dimmed or auto off)

inspecting the various services

• STEP 1: Which services are relevant for this building?
e.g. if there is no DHW, there is no need to inspect how this is controlled
• STEP 2: Assess the functionality level of each relevant service
• STEP 3: Calculation: count impact scores and apply weightings
• STEP 4: Calculation: What is the maximum obtainable score?
• STEP 5: Calculate normalised SRI score

Result
Energy Flexibility
Self-
generation
Comfort Convenience
Wellbeing
and Health
Maintenance
& fault
prediction
Information
to occupants
Ordinal impact score
case study building
54 18 5 34 42 13 16 20
Maximum obtainable score
for the case study building
73 25 5 45 61 19 23 30
Relative score 74% 72% 100% 76% 69% 68% 70% 67%
Overall score after weighting: 77% of the potential smartness impacts can be achieved

• The optimisation of a building’s operation with BACS can generate an
average net savings potential across the EU of 15% to 22% from all
building energy consumption.
• The EPBD can be used to set minimum requirements for newly installed
TBSs, which could include provisions for BACS, and the EED could be
applied to help provide funding & accreditation and training needs.
• Information requirements are a must.
• A full preparatory study for BACS is expected by the end of the year.
Conclusions
BACS

• The SRI shall provide information on the technological readiness of buildings to
interact with their occupants, increase performance of operation and interact with
the energy grids, through the use of ICT technologies.
• The SRI is expected to become a cost-effective measure that can
• raise awareness about the benefits of smart technologies and ICT in buildings
(from an energy perspective, in particular)
• motivate consumers to accelerate investments in smart building technologies
• support the uptake of technology innovation in the building sector
• The process for defining the SRI will further develop in the coming months
Conclusions
Smart Readiness Indicator

Thank you for your attention
Further reading:
• https://ecodesignbacs.eu/welcome
• https://smartreadinessindicator.eu/
• www.vito.be
• www.energyville.be
stijn.verbeke@vito.be
paul.vantichelen@vito.be

A policy perspective on Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS)

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