1. Today we are learning how the world was effected by the
inventions of the Industrial Revolution.

2.  Arkwright’s water frame
 Spin yarn/thread faster/stronger than spinning
jenny
 Too big for home operation
 Need for special buildings near water
 Need for worker in area
 Crompton’s spinning mule
 Spinning jenny + water frame
 Cartwright’s power loom
 Used steam to produce product faster than man
power
 The Luddites
 Disgruntled workers feared job loss or lower wages
 Australia bound
 What does this lead to?
 New labor system
 Shift work & Rural worker issues

3.  Mid 18th century- Eng – no forest
 Man/horse power – too slow
 Coal = answer
 Problem- Mines filled w/ water

4.  Thomas Savery’s steam-
powered pump
 Very dangerous, often
exploded
 – no movable parts

5.  Thomas Newcomen’s true steam-powered engine
 Boiler, piston, & cylinder

6.  James Watt’s
engine
 Fixed both
Thomas’
problems
 Steam cool away
from cylinder
 More efficient
and produced
more raw power

7.  Before 18th century no change from Middle Ages in
Iron production.
 Henry Cort’s puddling furnace
 Allowed pig(raw) iron to be refined w/coke(coal-H2O)
 Produced stronger iron
Iron Production Stats:
1740 1780s (after Cort’s invention) 1852
17,000 tons 70,000 tons 3 million tons
What does this lead to?

8.  Iron Industry
 Henry Cort, puddling (produces high quality iron)
 Stronger iron allows for new machines, esp. trains
 Railroad
 Richard Trevithick, steam-powered locomotive
 George Stephenson, Rocket, 1830
 Ripple effect
 Prices of goods fall; markets grow larger; increased
sales mean more factories and machinery; thus, self-
sustaining
 The Industrial Factory
 Workers in shifts
 Workers come from rural areas
 Regulations

9.  Population Growth and Urbanization
 European population 1750 -140 million
1850 - 266 million
 Decline of death rate
 Less war
 Less disease
 More food
 Growth of cities
 Poor living conditions
 Sanitation poor

10.  Potato crop infested
w/fungus
 1/3 of population depends
on potato to survive
 1 million people died
 1 million moved to US

11.  New Social Classes: The Industrial Middle Class
 New bourgeoisie/New elite
 Constructed the factories, purchased the machines,
figured out where the markets were
 Reduce the barriers between themselves and the landed
elite
 New Social Classes: The Industrial Working Class
 Poor working conditions
 12-16 hours per day, 6 days a week
 Women and children
 Paid ½ of what men get
 Factory Act of 1833 – minimum age to work - 9
 Efforts at Change
 Socialism – society (govt) owns factors of production
 Utopian socialists – all fail

12. Today we are learning about working conditions during the
Industrial Revolution

13.  Not until the 1820s
 Why work in a factory?
 Cottages works – step backwards
 No more setting own schedule
 Machinery
 Very dangerous

14.  Entire families hired
 All worked in home, so all worked in factories
 Men
 Hardest labor
 Women
 Operated machines
 Children
 Swept
 Picked up scraps
 Worked on machines