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Similar a The Long Reach of Early Math Skills - Professor Greg Duncan
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The Long Reach of Early Math Skills - Professor Greg Duncan
- 1. The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine
- 2. How important are K-5 math skills for completed schooling? How important are school-entry math skills for school achievement? How important are adolescent math skills for labor market success?
- 3. Skills and Behaviors Achievement Engagement Problem Behaviors Description: Concrete math and reading skills Ability to control impulses and focus on tasks i) Ability to get along with others ii) Sound mental health Example test areas or question wording: Knowing letters and numbers; beginning word sounds, word problems Can’t sit still; can’t concentrate; score from a computer test of impulse control i) Cheats or tells lies, bullies, is disobedient at school ii) Is sad, moody
- 4. Skill and behavior gaps between high- and low-income kindergarteners +106 +53 -27 -30 -100 Kindergarten gap 5th grade gap Math achievement Mental health problems Anti-social behavior School engagement Source: Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Kindergarten cohort.
- 5. Skill and behavior gaps between high- and low-income kindergarteners and fifth graders +106 +53 -27 -30 +121 +59 -42 -31 -100 Kindergarten gap 5th grade gap Math achievement Mental health problems Anti-social behavior School engagement Source: Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Kindergarten cohort.
- 6. How important are school-entry math skills for school achievement? How important are K-5 math skills for completed schooling? How important are adolescent math skills for labor market success?
- 7. Effects of school-entry skills and behaviors on later achievement Mental health Reading Math Engagement Anti-social 0 0 10 20 30 40
- 8. Effects of school-entry skills and behaviors on later achievement Mental health Reading MathEngagementAnti-social 0 0 10 20 30 40
- 9. Kindergarten teaching – hours/wk All teachers Teachers in low- income schools Reading 4.9 5.0 Math 3.1 3.1
- 10. Kindergarten student mastery vs. time spent teaching Mastery by Fall K Basic Counting & Shapes 95% Patterns & Measurement 62% Place value & Currency 25% Addition & Subtraction 7% 11,517 students 2,176 teachers
- 11. Kindergarten student mastery vs. time spent teaching Mastery by Fall K Mean Days/Month spent teaching Basic Counting & Shapes 95% 12.70 Patterns & Measurement 62% 7.68 Place value & Currency 25% 8.61 Addition & Subtraction 7% 4.38 11,517 students 2,176 teachers
- 12. Instruction time and math achievement -.041 +.065 0 Basic math Advanced math Mathlearninginkindergarten All students Low-income students only Source: Claessens and Engel (under review) Basic math instruction time Advanced math instruction time
- 13. Instruction time and math achievement -.041 +.065 -.029 +.056 0 Basic math Advanced math Mathlearninginkindergarten All students Low-income students only Source: Claessens and Engel (under review) Basic math instruction time Advanced math instruction time
- 14. How important are school-entry math skills for school achievement? How important are K-5 math skills for completed schooling? How important are adolescent math skills for labor market success?
- 15. Effects of K-5 skills and behaviors on completed schooling 0 0 10 20 30
- 16. Effects of K-5 skills and behaviors on completed schooling Anxiety Reading Anti-social Attention Math 0 0 10 20 30
- 17. How important are school-entry math skills for school achievement? How important are K-5 math skills for completed schooling? How important are adolescent math skills for labor market success?
- 18. Effects of adolescent skills and behaviors on earnings 0 0 10 20
- 19. Effects of adolescent skills and behaviors on earnings Anxiety Reading Anti-social Attention Math 0 0 10 20
- 20. Why math? (preliminary) • Structural story: • teachers and schools provide extra opportunities for early math achievers? • moderate math skills keeps kids out of special education?
- 21. Why math (con’t)? • Motivational story: • Math feedback is very concrete? • Kids who don’t master math don’t think they are good at math or good at school?
- 22. Summary • Early math is surprisingly important • Kindergartent teachers spend much less time on math than reading • Early math instruction is geared toward skills kids already know • Math is also highly predictive of completed schooling and earnings
- 23. Greg J. Duncan gduncan@uci.edu School of Education University of California, Irvine