مسلك علوم الحياة والارض وعلوم فيزيائية خاص بالوحدة التانية

1. .‫ٍؾشٗط‬ ٜ‫ّٖبئ‬ ٌٝ٘‫رق‬2ٚ‫األٗى‬ ‫اىذٗسح‬
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‫اىَؼبسف‬ ‫اعزشداد‬(05‫ّقط‬)
‫األٗه‬ ِٝ‫اىزَش‬:
A-‫اىزبىٞخ‬ ‫اىَصطيؾبد‬ ‫ػشف‬:(1ُ)
1)‫ٍضبػفخ‬ADN2)‫خي٘ٝخ‬ ‫دٗسح‬
B-‫اىصؾٞؼ‬ ‫ىالقزشاػ‬ ‫اىَقبثو‬ ْٜٞ‫اىالر‬ ‫اىؾشف‬ ‫صٗط‬ ‫مو‬ ‫داخو‬ ‫امزت‬ ٌ‫ص‬ ‫رؾشٝشك‬ ‫ٗسقخ‬ ٚ‫ػي‬ ‫اٟرٞخ‬ ‫األصٗاط‬ ‫اّقو‬:(2ُ)
(1،....)( -2،....)( -3،....)( -4،....)
2:‫عضٝئخ‬ARN‫اىشع٘ه‬
a)‫ىغضٝئخ‬ ٜ‫اىني‬ ٜ‫اى٘ساص‬ ‫اىخجش‬ ٚ‫ػي‬ ٛ٘‫رؾز‬ADN
b)‫عضٝئخ‬ ‫ّٞنيٞ٘رٞذاد‬ ‫ّفظ‬ ٍِ ُ٘‫رزن‬ADN
c)‫االٗساعٞو‬ ‫ث٘ع٘د‬ ‫رزَٞض‬
d)‫فقط‬ ‫اىْ٘اح‬ ٜ‫ف‬ ‫ر٘عذ‬
1:‫اىؾيٞو‬
a)‫أ‬‫مجش‬ٍِ ‫عضء‬ADN‫ٍؼْٞخ‬ ‫صفخ‬ ‫ٝقبثو‬
b)‫رغٞٞش‬‫ٗساصٞخ‬ ‫صفخ‬ ‫اّزقبه‬ ٜ‫ف‬ ٜ‫فغبئ‬ ٜ‫ٗساص‬
c)‫األٗساعٞو‬ ٍِ ُ٘‫ٝزن‬‫فقط‬
d)ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ثؼضٖب‬ ‫اىَ٘سصخ‬ ‫ّفظ‬ ‫ؽيٞالد‬ ‫رخزيف‬
‫اىْٞنيٞ٘رٞذٝخ‬ ‫ثَززبىٞزٖب‬ ‫ثؼض‬
4:ٕ٘ ‫اىَؾ٘ىخ‬ ‫اىؼيخ‬ ًٖ٘‫ٍف‬ ٚ‫اى‬ ‫ر٘صو‬ ٛ‫اىز‬ ٌ‫اىؼبى‬
a)ٌ‫اىؼبى‬AVERY
b)ٌ‫اىؼبى‬GRIFFITH
c)ٌ‫اىؼبى‬WATSON
d)ٌ‫اىؼبى‬MESELSON
3:ًٗ‫اىشٝج٘ص‬
a)‫ٝؾَو‬‫اىغنشٝبد‬‫اىَ٘قغ‬ ٜ‫ف‬A
b)‫ّغخ‬ ٜ‫ف‬ ٌٕ‫ٝغب‬ADNٚ‫إى‬ARN
c)ِٞ‫اىجشٗر‬ ‫رشمٞت‬ ٜ‫ف‬ ٌٕ‫ٝغب‬
d)‫صغٞشح‬ ‫ٗٗؽذح‬ ِٞ‫مجٞشر‬ ِٞ‫ٗؽذر‬ ٍِ ُ٘‫ٍن‬
C)ً‫االّقغب‬ ‫ٍشاؽو‬ ٍِ ِٞ‫ٍشؽيز‬ ٔ‫عبّج‬ ‫اى٘صٞقخ‬ ‫رَضو‬
‫اىَجبشش‬ ‫غٞش‬
1)ِٞ‫اىشني‬ ٍِ ‫شنو‬ ‫مو‬ ٜ‫ف‬ ‫اىََضيخ‬ ‫اىَشؽيخ‬ ‫ؽذد‬
(1)ٗ(2).‫ػيو‬‫إعبثزل‬(1ُ)
2)‫ٍْبعجخ‬ ‫ثأعَبء‬ ِٞ‫ٍشفق‬ ِٞٞ‫رخطٞط‬ َِٞ‫سع‬ ‫أّغض‬
‫خز‬ ، ِٞ‫اىَشؽيز‬ ِٞ‫ىٖبر‬(2n = 4)(1ُ)
ّٜ‫ٗاىجٞب‬ ٜ‫اىنزبث‬ ‫ٗاىز٘اصو‬ َٜ‫اىؼي‬ ‫االعزذاله‬(15‫ّقط‬)-
ّٜ‫اىضب‬ ِٝ‫اىزَش‬6
☚ٜ‫ٝي‬ ‫ٍب‬ ‫ّقزشػ‬ ‫اى٘ساصٞخ‬ ‫اىَبدح‬ ‫ٗثْٞخ‬ ‫رشمٞت‬ ‫ىذساعخ‬:
.
ٍِ‫اىض‬(h)012361012131618222328
‫مزيخ‬ADN(2-
10g)6.66.66.63.33.33.34.45.16.66.66.63.33.3
‫شنو‬1‫شنو‬2

2. .‫ٍؾشٗط‬ ٜ‫ّٖبئ‬ ٌٝ٘‫رق‬2ٚ‫األٗى‬ ‫اىذٗسح‬
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‫اى٘صٞقخ‬ ً‫رقذ‬ ‫مَب‬1‫اىجبؽضخ‬ ‫دساعخ‬ ‫ّزبئظ‬Rosalin Franklin‫اى٘ساصٞخ‬ ‫اىَبدح‬ ‫ؽ٘ه‬
1
1)‫اىغذٗه‬ ‫اعزغاله‬ ٍِ ‫اّطالقب‬1‫اى٘صٞقخ‬ ٗ1‫ثْٞخ‬ ‫اعزْزظ‬ ،ADN(3ُ)
☚
2
2)‫رغٞش‬ ‫فغش‬Tmِٞ‫اى٘صٞقز‬ ‫ٍؼطٞبد‬ ٍِ ‫اّطالقب‬2ٗ3(2ُ)
3)‫اىغذٗه‬ ٚ‫ػي‬ ‫ثبػزَبدك‬1‫اى٘صٞقخ‬ ٗ2‫اّصٖبس‬ ‫ؽشاسح‬ ‫ؽغت‬ ‫أ‬ ،(Tm)ADNُ‫اإلّغب‬(2ُ)
‫اىش‬ ِٝ‫اىزَش‬‫اىش‬8
‫أعو‬ ٍِ‫إثشاص‬ٜ‫اى٘ساص‬ ‫اىخجش‬ ‫رؼجٞش‬ ‫آىٞخ‬،‫ٍ٘سصخ‬ ‫ٗاىؼالقخ‬-ِٞ‫ثشٗر‬،ٗ‫اىؼالقخ‬ِٞ‫ثشٗر‬-‫ّقزشػ‬ ‫صفخ‬‫اىَؼطٞبد‬‫اٟرٞخ‬:
I-ٌ‫ر‬‫صسع‬‫ة‬ ‫ٗعط‬ ٜ‫ف‬ ‫خالٝب‬ِٓٝ‫األٗسٝذ‬ ‫ٍبدح‬(Uridine)‫ثشٞش‬ ٕ٘ٗ ،‫اىَشغ‬(Précurseur)ٛ‫األٗساعٞو‬ ‫رشمٞت‬ ٜ‫ف‬ ‫دخو‬
(U)ٛ‫اىشٝج٘ص‬ ْٛٗ٘‫اى‬ ‫اىؾَض‬ ‫ٍنّ٘بد‬ ٍِ ‫ٝؼزجش‬ ٛ‫اىز‬(ARN).‫ثؼذ‬ٜ‫ؽ٘اى‬15‫ػْٞخ‬ ‫غغو‬ ٌ‫ر‬ ‫دقٞقخ‬1‫اىخالٝب‬ ٓ‫ٕز‬ ٍِ
ٜ‫اىزار‬ ٜ‫اإلشؼبػ‬ ‫ىيزص٘ٝش‬ ‫ٗرؼشٝضٖب‬،‫اىَزجقٞخ‬ ‫اىخالٝب‬ ‫أٍب‬(‫اىؼْٞخ‬2)‫ف‬‫إ‬ ٌ‫ر‬ ‫قذ‬‫ػبد‬‫ح‬‫ٗعط‬ ٜ‫ف‬ ‫ّٗصف‬ ‫عبػخ‬ ‫ىَذح‬ ‫صسػٖب‬
‫صسع‬‫ٍشغ‬ ِٝ‫أٗسٝذ‬ ُٗ‫ثذ‬‫غغيٖب‬ ٌ‫ص‬ٜ‫ىيزص٘ٝشاإلشؼبػ‬ ‫ٗرؼشٝضٖب‬.‫اى٘صٞقخ‬ ‫شنال‬ ٜ‫ٝؼط‬1‫ىيخالٝب‬ ِٞٞ‫رخطٞط‬ ََِْٞ‫سع‬
‫َظخ‬‫ؽ‬‫اىَال‬.‫اإلشؼبع‬ ‫ٗع٘د‬ ُ‫ٍنب‬ ‫ع٘داء‬ ‫ثقؼخ‬ ‫مو‬ ‫رَضو‬.‫مَب‬‫اى٘صٞقخ‬ ً‫رقذ‬2‫رشمٞت‬ARNm.
‫اى٘صٞقخ‬2‫اى٘صٞقخ‬3
‫اى٘صٞقخ‬1

3. .‫ٍؾشٗط‬ ٜ‫ّٖبئ‬ ٌٝ٘‫رق‬2ٚ‫األٗى‬ ‫اىذٗسح‬
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1-ِٞ‫اىشني‬ ٜ‫ف‬ ‫اىَؾصيخ‬ ‫اىْزبئظ‬ ‫ِش‬‫غ‬‫ف‬(‫أ‬)ٗ(‫ة‬)‫اى٘صٞقخ‬ ٍِ1‫اى٘صٞقخ‬ ‫ٍؼطٞبد‬ ٚ‫ػي‬ ‫ِذا‬َ‫ٍؼز‬2( .2ُ)
II-‫إّغبص‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ىـ‬ ‫ٍغٖشٝخ‬ ‫ٍالؽظخ‬ARNm‫اىجشٗرْٞبد‬ ‫رشمٞت‬ ‫أصْبء‬ ‫خيٞخ‬ ً‫عٞز٘ثالص‬ ٜ‫ف‬.‫اىشنو‬ ً‫ٝقذ‬-‫أ‬-‫اى٘صٞقخ‬ ٍِ
3‫اىَالؽظخ‬ ٓ‫ىٖز‬ ‫ُّ٘غشافٞخ‬‫ش‬‫إىٞنز‬ ‫ص٘سح‬.‫اىشنو‬ ‫َٗٝضو‬(‫ة‬)‫اىَشؽيخ‬ ٜ‫ف‬ ‫َيخ‬‫ض‬ََ‫اى‬ ‫األؽذاس‬ ‫رفبصٞو‬ ‫اى٘صٞقخ‬ ‫ّفظ‬ ٍِ-
2-‫اىشنو‬ ٍِ(‫أ‬).
‫ٍؼْٞخ‬ ‫ٍ٘سصخ‬
‫غالف‬ّٛٗ٘
ّٛٗ٘ ‫صقت‬
‫ّــــ٘اح‬
ً‫عٞز٘ثالص‬
ARNmٜ‫ف‬
‫اىزشمٞت‬ ‫ط٘س‬
ARN
m
ADN
ARN‫ث٘ىَٞٞشاص‬
C C A C A U U U U C G C
G G T G T A A A A G C
G
A
G
C
G
U
A
ُ‫ــــــ‬‫ـ٘اح‬
ً‫عٞز٘ثالص‬
‫اىشنو‬(‫أ‬):‫اىؼْٞخ‬ ٍِ ‫خيٞخ‬1
‫غشبء‬ً‫عٞز٘ثالص‬ٛ
‫إشؼـبع‬
‫اىشنو‬(‫ة‬):‫اىؼْٞخ‬ ٍِ ‫خيٞخ‬2
ُ‫ــــــــ‬‫ـ٘اح‬
ً‫عٞز٘ثالص‬
‫غشبء‬ً‫عٞز٘ثالص‬ٛ
ّ‫ذ‬‫اى‬ ‫مبٍو‬ ِٞ‫ثشٗر‬‫ـ‬ّ‫ل‬َ‫ش‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬
‫اىَشؽيخ‬-1
-
‫اىَشؽيخ‬-3
-
‫اه‬‫شنو‬(‫أ‬)
‫اىَشؽيخ‬-2-
‫اه‬‫شنو‬(‫ة‬)
Val
HisPro
Met
G U A
C C A C A U
G G U
A U G U A A
‫سٝج٘صٍٗٞخ‬ ‫ٗؽذح‬
ٙ‫صغش‬
‫سٝج٘صٍٗٞخ‬ ‫ٗؽذح‬‫مت‬ٙ‫س‬
‫ثٞـجـزٞـذٝخ‬ ‫ساثطخ‬
ARNm
ARNt
A A A
Phe
U U U C G C
‫الموقع‬P ‫الموقع‬A
‫اىقشاءح‬ ٚ‫ٍْؾ‬
‫الوحدة‬ ‫مضاد‬
‫الرمسية‬
3’5’
‫اى٘صٞقخ‬3
‫اى٘صٞقخ‬1‫اى٘صٞقخ‬2

4. .‫ٍؾشٗط‬ ٜ‫ّٖبئ‬ ٌٝ٘‫رق‬2ٚ‫األٗى‬ ‫اىذٗسح‬
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2-‫اىشنو‬ ٜ‫ف‬ ‫اىََضيخ‬ ‫اىَشاؽو‬ ‫َف‬‫ش‬‫رؼــ‬(‫أ‬)‫اى٘صٞقخ‬ ٍِ3ٍْٜٞ‫األ‬ ‫اىؾَض‬ ‫إدٍبط‬ ٌ‫عٞز‬ ‫مٞف‬ ِ‫ِـ‬ٞ‫ٗث‬ ،Phe‫اىغيغيخ‬ ٜ‫ف‬
‫اىشنو‬ ‫ٍؼطٞبد‬ ٚ‫ػي‬ ‫ٍؼزَذا‬ ‫اىجٞـجـزٞـذٝخ‬(‫ة‬)‫اى٘صٞقخ‬ ‫ّفظ‬ ٍِ.(3ُ)
-ِٞ‫ٍؼ‬ ٜ‫خبسع‬ ‫ٍظٖش‬ ِ‫ػ‬ ‫ٍٗغؤٗال‬ ،ٜ‫اى٘ساص‬ ‫اىخجش‬ ‫ىزؼجٞش‬ ‫ّزبعب‬ ِٞ‫اىجشٗر‬ ‫ٝؼزجش‬.‫اىَظٖش‬ ٚ‫ػي‬ ‫اىطفشح‬ ‫إثشاص‬ ‫قصذ‬
ٜ‫اىخبسع‬،‫اٟرٞخ‬ ‫اىَؼطٞبد‬ ‫ّقزشػ‬:
☚‫األٗه‬ ٚ‫اىَؼط‬:‫اه‬ ‫ّجبد‬ ‫ػْذ‬ ‫اىغنشٝبد‬ ‫ٍذخشاد‬ ‫ر٘عذ‬‫ـ‬‫اىغالىخ‬ ‫ػْذ‬ ‫ّشب‬ ‫شنو‬ ٚ‫ػي‬ ‫ًسح‬ُ‫ر‬A،‫دٝنغزشْٝبد‬ ‫شنو‬ ٚ‫ٗػي‬
(Dextrines)‫اىغالىخ‬ ‫ػْذ‬B.‫اىزفبػالد‬ ‫ؽغت‬ ‫اىنيٞن٘ص‬ ٍِ ‫اّطالقب‬ ِٞ‫اىغالىز‬ ‫ػْذ‬ ‫اىغنشٝخ‬ ‫اىَذخشاد‬ ٓ‫ٕز‬ ‫رزشنو‬
‫اىجٞ٘مَٞٞبئٞخ‬ٌ‫اى‬‫ٍضو‬‫اى٘صٞقخ‬ ٜ‫ف‬ ‫ح‬4.
☚ّٜ‫اىضب‬ ٚ‫اىَؼط‬:ٌٝ‫األّض‬ ‫رشمٞت‬ ٜ‫ف‬ ٌ‫رزؾن‬E3ِٞ‫ؽيٞي‬ ‫شنو‬ ٜ‫ف‬ ‫ر٘عذ‬ ‫ٍ٘سصخ‬:‫اىؾيٞو‬Aٛ‫ر‬ ‫اىزسح‬ ‫ّجبد‬ ‫ػْذ‬ ‫اىَ٘ع٘د‬
‫ٗاىؾيٞو‬ ‫ثبىْشب‬ ‫اىغْٞخ‬ ‫اىجزٗس‬B‫ثبىذٝنغزشْٝبد‬ ‫اىغْٞخ‬ ‫اىجزٗس‬ ٛ‫ر‬ ‫اىزسح‬ ‫ّجبد‬ ‫ػْذ‬ ‫اىَ٘ع٘د‬.‫اى٘صٞقخ‬ ٜ‫رؼط‬5ٍِ ‫عضءا‬
‫اىؾيٞو‬ ‫ػْذ‬ ‫اىْٞنيٞ٘رٞذاد‬ ‫ٍززبىٞخ‬A‫ٗاىؾيٞو‬B.
‫اى٘صٞقخ‬ ‫رَضو‬6ٜ‫اى٘ساص‬ ‫اىشٍض‬ ‫عذٗه‬ ٍِ ‫ٍقزطفب‬.
3-‫اى٘س‬ ٚ‫ػي‬ ‫اػزَبدا‬‫ائق‬4‫؛‬ٗ5‫؛‬ٗ6،‫ٍ٘سصخ‬ ‫اىؼالقخ‬ ْ‫ص‬ِ‫ش‬‫أثـ‬-ِٞ‫ثشٗر‬-‫اىزسح‬ َْٜ‫ز‬‫عالى‬ ‫ػْذ‬ ‫صفخ‬AٗB.(3ُ)
‫ميٞل‬‫ــ‬‫ٗص‬
E1 ٌٝ‫أّض‬ E3 ٌٝ‫أّض‬E2 ٌٝ‫أّض‬
+ + +
+:‫رؾفٞض‬
‫د‬ٛ‫مغزشْٝبد‬ً‫ــ‬‫اىز٘ص‬ ‫ّش‬‫ــ‬‫ا‬
‫اى٘صٞقخ‬4
‫غليسين‬
Gly
‫ليسين‬
Lys
ُٗ‫ثذ‬
ْٚ‫ٍؼ‬
‫ألنيـن‬
Ala
‫ايسولـوسين‬
Ile
‫تيروزين‬
Tyr
‫هيستدين‬
His
‫أرجنين‬
Arg
‫سيرين‬
Ser
‫برولين‬
Pro
‫اىؾَض‬
ٍْٜٞ‫األ‬
GGG AAG UAG GCC AUA UAC CAU CGU
AGA
AGC CCU
CCA
‫اى٘ؽذح‬
‫اىشٍضٝخ‬
‫اى٘صٞقخ‬6
ٍِ ‫عضء‬‫اىَغزْغخ‬ ‫اىخٞٞط‬‫ه‬‫ىؾيٞو‬AGGA-TTC-GCA-TAT-CGG-ATG-GGT-TCT-TCG
ٍِ ‫عضء‬‫اىَغزْغخ‬ ‫اىخٞٞط‬‫ه‬‫ىؾيٞو‬BGGA-TTC-GCA-TAT-CGG-ATC-GGG-TTC-TTC
‫اىقشاءح‬ ٚ‫ٍْؾـ‬
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
‫اىضـالصــٞخ‬ ٌ‫سقـ‬
‫اىضـالصــٞخ‬ ٌ‫سقـ‬
‫اى٘صٞقخ‬5